US3318054A - Load suspension apparatus and related methods - Google Patents

Description

May 9, 1967 s. v. GIARDINA 3,313,054

LOAD SUSPENSION APPARATUS AND RELATED METHODS 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 Original Filed March 8, 1962 INVENTOR [A /W67 Afl/M) AT OR EY y 9, 1967 s. v. GIARDINA 3,318,054

LOAD SUSPENSION APPARATUS AND RELATED METHODS Original Filed March 8, 1962 W FIG. 3

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I INVENTOR ATTO J United States Patent 3,318,054 LOAD SUSPENSION APPARATUS AND RELATED METHODS Salvatore Vincent Giardina, Brooklyn, N.Y., assignor of one-half to Pasquale Fichera, Brooklyn, N.Y. Original application Mar. 8, 1962, Ser. No. 178,439, now Patent No. 3,201,906, dated Aug. 24, 1965. Divided and this application Nov. 24. 1964, Ser. No. 413,534 27 Claims. (CI. 52-39) This application is divide-d from my earlier filed copending application No. 178,439 filed Mar. 8, 1962, now Patent No. 3,201,906.

This invention relates to load suspension apparatus and to associated methods and is more particularly concerned with improved techniques for suspending large loads from frangible overhead structures of masonry and the like.

A principal object of the invention is to provide improved techniques whereby the load supporting characteristics of masonry structures and the like are vastly improved.

A further object of the invention is to insure against failure in load suspending mechanisms by the use of simple and economical improvements.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an improved technique which does not require the passing of a suspending structure completely through the associated supporting structure so that orientation of suspension location is greatly facilitated.

Yet another object of the invention is to make optimum use of related suspension apparatus components by advantageously dissipating displacement forces therein in shear as will become hereinafter apparent.

Still a further object of the invention is to employ vertical suspension components in such a manner that they provide horizontal reaction components for improving associated safety factors.

Another object of the invention is to make hanger structures slip and failure proof.

A further object of the invention is to avoid the need for drilling through floors and the like for the purpose of mounting hangers therefrom, thus avoiding the need for refinishing and/or repairing such floors.

A still further object of the invention is to achieve with the use of pins an assurance against failure which is not normally achieved by the use of steel concrete inserts which the pins replace.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide means for effectively putting concrete structures and the like in compression to improve the load supporting characteristics thereof.

Briefly, the invention contemplates a technique whereby a hanger bracket or the like is fastened to an overhead structure by such means that the tendency of the bracket to be pulled away from the overhead structure by a load on said bracket is resolved into vertical and horizontal forces, the latter of which is applied to a vertical member or the like in shear so that an optimum resistance to displacement of the bracket is provided.

Other objects and features, as well as advantages, of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of some preferred embodiments which are illustrated in the accompanying drawing in which:

FIGURE 1 illustrates a first embodiment of the invention wherein are employed inclined and vertical fastening members and a means for resisting removal of at least one of these members from the associated bore;

FIGURE 2 illustrates, in side view, a further embodiment of the invention wherein one of the fastening members is fixed to the associated bracket;

FIGURE 3 illustrates, in side view, still another embodiment of the invention wherein the element for transmitting at least a part of the aforenoted horizontal force is separable from the associated bracket;

FIGURE 4 is a side view of still another embodiment of the invention wherein is provided an element for placing the associated concrete structure under compression; and

FIGURE 5 is illustrative of still another embodiment of the invention wherein is provided a special element for avoiding withdrawal of one of the associated fastening members.

The embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG- URE 1 comprises, generally, a bracket 10, a load suspension member 12 and fastening elements 14 and 16. An auxiliary element 18 is also provided for purposes which will become hereinafter apparent.

The purpose of the structure illustrated in FIG. 1 is to provide means for suspending a load (not shown) from an overhead masonry structure 20 which may be constituted by concrete or the like.

At the outset of the description of the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 1, it is to be noted that the fastening elements of this embodiment do not pass completely through the overhead structure 20, although this is a possibility, if necessary. However, the fact that the fastening elements do not pass completely through overhead structure 20 clearly facilitates locating the hanger arrangement in that it is unnecessary to drill through structure 20 from above whereby the need for repairing the upper surface of structure 20, which may constitute a floor, is avoided.

More particularly, element 10 is a knee bracket fabricated of steel, or a like metal having suitable strength, element 10 comprising a horizontal arm 22 and a vertical arm 24, said arms being perpendicularly related and defining an angle of therebetween. This arrangement is preferable. However, other angles may be substituted in a situation where the structure 20 presents an inclined lower surface, it being generally preferred that the arm 24 be arranged in vertical disposition. It will be noted that horizontal arm 22 rests in face-to-face abutting rel-ationship against the lower surface of the overhead structure 20.

Element 12 is a load suspension member. It is comprised of a vertical limb 26 provided with a loop or ring member 28 wherefrom the load itself is suspended. Element 12 is further provided with a section 30 wherethrough extends a threaded bolt 32 having a head 34 and provided with a nut 36 and a washer 38 by means of which a firm connection is provided between elements 10 and 12.

Extending through arm 22 of element 10 are two spaced holes 4d and 42. Hole 40 has generally a vertical disposition, for a purpose which will become hereinafter apparent, whereas hole 42 is preferably although not necessarily inclined, also for a purpose which will become hereinafter apparent.

In correspondence with holes 40 and 42 are provided bores 44 and 46 drilled, or otherwise formed, in overhead structure 20. Bore 44 is preferably vertically disposed and concentric with hole 40. Bore 46 is inclined by an angle A relative to the vertical, angle A being preferably in the order of 30. Bore 46 is preferably concentric with hole 42 in arm 22.

Also provided on the arm 22 is an inclined sleeve 48 concentric or coaxial with hole 42 and bore 46. Sleeve 43 is provided with an internal bore through which passes fastening element 14 and the sleeve 48 is preferably affixed to horizontal arm 22 by welding or the like.

In bore 44 is provided an expansion shield 50 of conventional structure. The expansion shield 50 is vertically disposed and in known manner is expandable within the bore 44 for being firmly engaged with the same.

Fastening element 14 is preferably, in this embodiment of the invention, a pin including a dome-shaped head 52. According to the method involved in this embodiment of the invention, the pin 14 is driven with a mallet or hammer through sleeve 48 into bore 46 within which the pin is frictionally engaged. The pin 14 is driven into bore 46 until head 52 moves into abutting relationship with the end of sleeve 48.

Into the expansion shield 50, in accordance with the method of this embodiment of the invention, is inserted a bolt 54 having a head 56 which sandwiches arm 22 against overhead structure 20. However, between arm 22 and head 56 is accommodated a flat section 58 of the auxiliary member 18 which is constituted by a spring clip of steel or other such suitable material.

Auxiliary member 18 further comprises an arcuate section or extension 60 connected to the horizontal section 58 and positioned for engagement with the domeshaped head of pin 14.

' In the aforesaid embodiment of the invention, it will be seen that when a load is connected to section 30 of load suspension member 12, the tendency for bracket to be pulled away from overhead structure will be greatly resisted by the pin 14 whose disposition is purposefully planned to be closer to the vertical arm 24 than is the disposition of bolt 54. Thus, pin 14 is strategically located to avoid possible pivoting movement of bracket 10 about a pivot point which might be constituted in the arm 22 in the vicinity of said bolt 54.

In addition, it will be noted that any tendency of pin 14 to move axially out of bore 44 will be resolved into a vertical force downwardly directed and a horizontal force directed to the left, this resolution being effected through sleeve 48 and through arm 22. The horizontal force which might take place towards the left, is transmitted to bolt 54 in shear, this being the type of stress which the bolt 54 is most capable of resisting. Thus, a vertical fastening member, which normally would not have any significant effect in supporting the load, is efiiciently employed to resist detaching of the bracket 10 from the overhead structure.

In addition to the significant advantages noted above, the auxiliary element 18 provides still further advantages. On the one hand, element 18 resists axial displacement of the pin or fastening element 14, whereas still further this element converts axial displacement tendencies of pin 14 into horizontal vectors applied at right angles or in shear to the bolt 54 which element is most capable of resisting stresses applied in this manner.

The embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 2 is a variation of that illustrated in FIG. 1. This embodiment contemplates the use of a load suspension member 70 connected by a nut and bolt arrangement 72 to a knee bracket 74, the knee bracket 74 being mounted on an overhead structure 76 by means of an inclined pin 7 8 and a vertically disposed bolt 80 accommodated in an expansion shield 82 housed in a corresponding vertical bore.

In this embodiment of the invention, there is provided an inclined sleeve 84 which, however, is provided with an internal thread 86 with which is threadably engaged threaded portion 88 at the lowermost end of said pin 78.

Pin 78 includes a threaded portion 90 extending downwardly out of the sleeve 84, a nut 92 being threadably engaged on said portion 90.

According to the technique contemplated in accordance with this embodiment of the invention, pin 78 is threaded through sleeve 84 and nut 92 engaged threadably with end portion 90. Thereafter, the nut 92 is riveted or otherwise affixed by a pin or the like to the end portion 90.

In further accordance with this embodiment of the invention, the pin 78 is affixed to the bracket 74 and is then hammered home in the associated inclined bore until the bracket 74 moves into close fitting relationship 4 with overhead structure 76. Thereafter bolt is inserted into expansion shield 82 whereupon the load suspension member 70 may be affixed to bracket 74 by nut and bolt arrangement 72.

As in the originally described embodiment of the invention, any tendency of pin 78 to move axially out of the associated bore is converted by sleeve 84 and bracket 74 into vertical and horizontal components, the latter of which is applied at right angles to bolt 80 in shear, the bolt 80 presenting a maximum resistance to this force and thus to a detaching of the bracket 74 from overhead structure 76.

Again it is to be noted that the inclined pin 78 is preferably arranged closer to the vertical arm of the bracket '74 than is the bolt 80 so as to provide a maximum effective resistance to the load suspension member 70.

Although the use of specific pin and bolt and expansion shield members has been indicated relative to FIGS. 1 and 2, it should be noted that while these elements are preferable other modifications are possible, the pins and bolts representing simply specific cases of fastening elements for which substitutes can be made within the scope of the invention.

The embodiment of the invention of FIG. 3 illustrates still a further variation of the invention wherein a detachable element is provided for purposes of transmitting horizontal forces as aforesaid and for resisting axial movement of inclined pins.

More particularly, an overhead structure in FIG. 3 is provided with inclined bores 102 and 104 within which are respectively accommodated and frictionally engaged pins 106 and 108 having respectively heads 110 and 112. Preferably, bores 102 and 104 and pins 106 and 108 are inclined at about 45" to the horizontal.

In addition, there is provided a plate 114 in face-to-face relationship with the lower surface of overhead structure 100, said plate being fabricated of steel or other such material having suitable strength.

On the lower surface of plate 114 are provided inclined sleeves 116 and 118, plate 114 being provided with inclined holes 120 and 122 concentric and coaxial with bores Y102 and 104 respectively and sleeves 116 and 118 respectively.

Inasmuch as heads 110 and 112 are generally arranged at right angles to the associated pins, the free surfaces or extremities thereof, which are fiat, also define angles of 45 The purpose of these angles will become hereinafter apparent.

Threadably and detachably aflixed to plate 114 and centered between the aforesaid sleeves and pins is a threaded bolt 124 on which is loosely accommodated a disc 126 having a central bore 128, the diameter of which exceeds the outer diameter of threaded bolt 124. The disc 126 is generally in the form of a truncated cone having a base angle of 45 such that its inclined peripheral surface 130 is adapted to engage fi-atly against the free extremities of heads 110 and 112 of pins 106 and 108.

A nut 132 is threadably engaged on the lower extremity of bolt 124 and urges disc 126 outwardly against heads 110 and 112.

According to this embodiment of the invention, the disc 126 resists axial displacement of pins 106 and 108 downwardly out of bores 102 and 104, each pin acting in opposition to displacement of the other of said pins. Moreover, bolt 124 constitutes a vertical element to which the horizontal vectors of the downward movement of pins 106 and 108 are applied perpendicularly or in shear.

In the embodiment of FIG. 3, a load supporting member (not shown) can be threadably affixed to the lower extremity of bolt 124.

The aforesaid device avoids the use of expanded metal shields and an applied load is equally distributed by inclined pins 106, 108 into the associated masonry.

In this and in the aforesaid embodiments of the invention, the required bores in the masonry can be provided by using the inclined sleeves as drill guides. Alternatively, a drilled fixture can be held in position with an expansion shield and bolt.

A further embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 4 wherein is included an element adapted for placing the associated masonry under compression.

More particularly, in FIG. 4, there are provided pins 140 and 142 driven into associated bores and arranged at approximately 22 /2 from the vertical. A plate 144 is provided having there-on inclined sleeves 146 and 148, there also being provided a detachable bolt 150 in vertical disposition and depending downwardly from plate 144.

In this embodiment of the invention a disc 152 having inclined surfaces 154 and 156 is urged upwardly against the ends of pins 140 and 142 by means of a nut 158.

In addition, there is provided a disc 160 urged downwardly by a nut 162 against the inner surfaces of pins 140 and 142 so that these pins tend to pivot with the sleeves 146 and 148 acting as fulcra. It will be understood that sleeves 146 and 148 can be omitted in which event plate 144- acts as the fulcra. If the holes in the plate are one thirty-second of an inch larger than the pins 140 and 142, sufficient compression results.

Due to this pivoting tendency of pins 140 and 142, the inner extremities of said pins accommodated within the masonry structure act to compress the masonry structure thereby greatly increasing the effectiveness thereof.

More particularly, it will be noted that the disc 152 is in the shape of an inverted truncated cone, the peripheral surface of which inclines at an angle corresponding to the side surfaces of the pins 140 and 142. Surfaces 154 and 156 of disc 152 are arranged at an angle of about 22 /2 to the horizontal in order to correspond with the free extremities of the inclined pins.

According to the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. 5, there is contemplated a still further variation of the method and apparatus of the invention.

More particularly, the embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIG. comprises a first knee bracket 170 fastened to an overhead masonry structure 172 and including arms 174 and 176 respectively disposed in horizontal and vertical planes and rigidly connected at a right angle.

As in prior embodiments of the invention, there is provided an inclined sleeve 178 affixed to the horizontal arm 174 by Welding or the like and concentric with a bore 180 formed in the overhead structure 172.

A pin 182 is provided including a head 184 by means of which the said pin is driven into here 188 for frictional engagement therein.

A second fastening member is provided in the form of a bolt 186 which is thread-ably accommodated in an expansion shield 188 accommodated within a vertical bore in overhead structure 172. The head in bore 186 sandwiches arm 174 against said overhead structure and cooperatively with pin 182 and the head 184 thereof holds the horizontal arm 174 firmly against the overhead structure.

In accordance with this last embodiment of the invention, there is further provided an angle support means 190 including a vertical arm 192 and a horizontal arm 194. Vertical arm 192 is in face-to-face relationship with said vertical arm 176 and the two are connected by a nut and bolt locking arrangement 196.

The horizontal arm 194 is located beneath horizontal arm 174 and is preferably in horizontal relationship with respect thereto. An internally threaded sleeve 198 is mounted in vertical disposition directly beneath the head 184 of pin 182 and accommodates therein a verti cal, externally threaded rod 200. This rod is threadably engaged within the sleeve 198 and adjusted so as to be in endwise engagement with pin 182 and, more particularly, the head 184 thereon. Rod 200 is adapted for supporting a load which, in accordance with the method of the invention, is suspended by conventional means from said rod.

According to the method of the invention relating to this embodiment, vertical and inclined bores are formed in the overhead structure 172 in correspondence with the holes provided in the horizontal arm 174 of bracket 170. Pin 182 is selected so as to be slightly larger in transverse dimension than bore and is driven home in the latter to be engaged frictionally within the same. Bolt 186 is threadably engaged with expansion shield 18-8 in the associated vertical bore and then angle 191)- is connected to bracket 1'70. Thereupon the sleeve 198 is set to accommodate rod 200 which is threaded into the same and into endwise engagement with head 1 84 of pin 182, the rod 2110 thereby resisting oblique movement of pin 182 out of bore 180.

In this embodiment of the invention as in the prior embodiments, the tendency of pin 182 to move downwardly in response to the application of a load to rod 200 is resolved into horizontal and vertical vectors, the horizontal vector of which is transmitted via horizontal arm 174 at right angles against bolt 186 which therefore receives the same in shear.

There have now been described various embodiments of the invention in association with each of which is contemplated an apparatus and a method. In each of the embodiments of the invention, there is contemplated the resolving of the movement of a pin or other such fastening member out of an inclined bore in an overhead structure into vertical and horizontal vector forces, the latter of which is applied at right angles to a further fastening member or the like so that the latter receives the horizontal force in shear. This technique adds greatly to the use of inclined fastening members and furthermore makes a use of vertically disposed fastening members which has not heretofore been contemplated.

According to one aspect of the invention, the transmission of the horizontal vector force is effected through the bracket itself to a vertically disposed fastening member, whereas in accordance with a further aspect of the invention the horizontal vector force is transmitted externally of the associated bracket. In some cases, as has been illustrated, both the bracket and a member external thereto may be employed to transmit the associated vector force.

In addition, a further aspect of the invention relates to engaging of elongated fastening members such as pins, bolts and so forth in endwise manner in order to resist axial movement of such fastening members from the associated overhead structure.

While reference has been made above to the provision of bores accommodating fastening members, it will be readily appreciated that the invention contemplates methods in which a fastening member is driven home into a masonary structure or the like without the prior pr-ovision of bores in the latter. This, of course, depends upon whether or not the structure to which connection is to be made will tolerate such an operation.

In accordance with still a further aspect of the invention, there is contemplated the control of strain patterns within supporting structures such as by placing the same controllably under compressive stresses.

There will now be obvious to those skilled in the art many modifications and variations of the structures and methods set forth above. These modifications and variations will not, however, depart from the scope of the invention if defined by the following claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A hanger assembly comprising a bracket, provided with spaced holes, first means extending through one of said holes and adapted for engaging Within an inclined bore in a supporting structure, second means extending through the other of said holes and adapted for engaging in another bore on said structure, and further means on one of the aforesaid means and engaging the other of the aforesaid means to retain the latter in the associated bore.

2. For use with an overhead structure provided with spaced bores one of which is vertical and the other of which is inclined, a hanger assembly comprising a bracket in face-to-face relation with said overhead structure and provided with spaced holes corresponding to said bores, a pin extending through said one of the holes in said bracket and through to said incline-d bore and engaging within the latter, a head on said pin holding said bracket against said structure, a bolt extending through the other of said holes and engaging in said vertical bore, and means on said bolt engaging said head to prevent movement of the latter out of said hole.

3. In combination with an overhead structure provided with spaced bores one of which is vertical and the other of which is inclined away from the vertical bore at an angle of about thirty degrees, a hanger assembly com prising connected horizontal and vertical arms, said horizontal arm being in face-to-face relation with said overhead structure and being provided with spaced holes corresponding to said bores, and inclined collar on said horizontal arm and concentric with and encircling one of said holes, said collar being concentric With said inclined bore, the other of said holes being concentric with said vertical bore, a pin extending through said inclined collar, associated hole and bore and frictionally engaging within the latter, a head on said pin abutting against said collar, a bolt extending through said other hole and engaging in said vertical bore, a member including a flat portion on and at right angles to said bolt, and a head on said bolt sandwiching said clip portion against said horizontal arm and said horizontal arm against said structure, said clip further including an extension extending from said flat portion and engaging the head of said pin such that a tendency of said pin to move out of said inclined bore is resolved into vertical and horizontal vector forces the latter of which is applied to said bolt in shear.

4. In combination with an overhead structure provided with spaced bores one of which is vertical and the other of which is inclined away from the vertical bore at an angle, a hanger assembly comprising means including horizontal and vertical arms connected to each other, said horizontal arm being in face-to-face relation with said overhead structure and being provided with spaced holes corresponding to said bores, one of said holes being vertical and the other hole being inclined, an inclined collar on said horizontal arm and concentric with and encircling said inclined hole, said inclined hole and collar being concentric with said inclined bore and said vertical hole being concentric with said vertical bore, a pin extending through said inclined collar, hole and bore and frictionally engaging within the latter, a dome-shaped head on said pin and abutting against said collar, an expansion shield in said vertical bore, a threaded bolt extending through said vertical hole and threadably engaging in said shield to expand the latter within said vertical bore, a spring clip including a flat portion on and at right angles to said bolt, a head on said bolt sandwiching said clip portion against said horizontal arm and said horizontal arm against said structure,, said clip further including a arcuate extension extending from said flat portion and engaging said dome-shaped head such that a tendency of said pin to move out of said inclined bore is resolved into vertical and horizontal vector forces the latter of which is applied to said bolt in shear, a suspension member, and means connecting said suspension member to said vertical arm.

5. In combination with an overhead masonry structure provided with spaced 'bores one of which is vertical and the other of which is inclined away from the vertical bore at an angle of about thirty degrees, a hanger assembly comprising a knee bracket including horizontal and vertical arms connected to each other and defining an angle of ninety degrees therebetween, said horizontal arm being in face-to-face relation with said overhead structure and being provided With spaced holes corresponding to said bores, one of said holes being vertical and the other hole being inclined and positioned closer to said vertical arm than said vertical hole, an inclined collar on said horizontal arm and concentric with and encircling said inclined hole, said inclined hole and collar being concentric with said inclined bore and said vertical hole being concentric with said vertical bore, a pin extending through said inclined collar, hole and bore and frictionally engaging within the latter, a dome-shaped head on said pin and abutting against said collar, an expansion shield in said vertical bore, a threaded bolt extending through said vertical hole and threadably engaging in said shield to expand the latter within said vertical bore, a spring clip including a flat portion on and at right angles to said bolt, a head on said bolt sandwiching said clip portion against said horizontal arm and said horizontal arm against said structure, said clip further including an arcuate extension extending from said flat portion and engaging said domeshaped head such that a tendency of said pin to move out of said inclined bore is resolved into vertical and horizontal vector forces the latter of which is applied to said bolt in shear, a suspension member, and means connecting said suspension member to said vertical arm.

6. A method of mounting a bracket, provided with spaced holes, on an overhead structure, said method comprising drilling vertical and inclined bores into said structure in correspondence with said holes, locking said bracket to said overhead structure by driving a first fastening member through one hole into said inclined bore and by inserting a second fastening member through the other hole into the vertical bore, and mounting a retaining member on said second member and engaging the same with the first member to resist movement of the latter out of its bore.

7. A method of mounting a bracket, having vertical and inclined holes, on an overhead structure, said method comprising drilling vertical and inclined bores into said structure in correspondence with said holes, locking said bracket to said overhead structure by driving a fastening member through the inclined hole into said inclined bore and inserting a second fastening member through the vertical hole into the vertical bore, and mounting a clip on said second member and engaging the same with the first member to resist movement of the latter out of its bore.

8. A method of mounting a knee bracket, having vertical and inclined holes, on an overhead masonry structure, said method comprising drilling vertical and inclined bores into said structure by using said holes as guides, locking said bracket to said overhead structure by driving a pin with a head thereon through the inclined hole into said inclined bore and by threading a bolt through the vertical hole into an expansion shield in the vertical bore, and mounting a spring clip on said bolt and engaging the same with the head of the pin.

9. A method of mounting a knee bracket, having vertical and inclined holes, on an overhead masonry structure, said method comprising drilling vertical and inclined bores into said structure by using said holes as guides, locking said bracket to said overhead structure by driving a pin with a head thereon through the inclined hole into said inclined bore and by threading a bolt through the vertical hole into an expansion shield in the vertical bore, mounting a spring clip on said bolt and engaging the same with the head of the pin to resist movement of the pin, and connecting a suspension member to the bracket so mounted.

10. In combination with an overhead masonry structure provided with spaced bores one of which is vertical and the other of which is inclined away from the vertical bore at an angle of about thirty degrees, a hanger assembly comprising a knee bracket including horizontal and vertical arms connected to each other and defining an angle of ninety degrees therebetween, said horizontal arm being in face-to-face relation with said overhead structure and being provided with spaced holes corresponding to said bores, one of said holes being vertical and the other hole being inclined and positioned closer to said vertical arm than said vertical hole, an inclined internally threaded collar on said horizontal arm and concentric with and encircling said inclined hole, said inclined hole and collar being concentric with said inclined bore and said vertical hole being concentric with said vertical bore, a pin extending through said inclined collar, hole and bore and frictionally engaging within the latter, said pin threadably engaging said collar and including a threaded portion extending out of said collar, a nut on said portion, an expansion shield in said vertical bore, a threaded bolt extending through said vertical hole and threadably engaging in said shield to expand the latter within said vertical bore, a head on said bolt san-dwiching said horizontal arm against said structure, the tendencies of the pins to move out of said bore being resolved by the horizontal arm into vertical and horizontal vector forces the latter of which is applied to said bolt in shear.

11. In combination with an overhead structure provided with spaced bores one of which is vertical and the other of which is inclined, a hanger assembly comprising a horizontal arm in face-to-face relation with said overhead structure and provided with spaced holes, one of said holes corresponding to the vertical bore and the other hole corresponding to the inclined bore, an internally threaded inclined collar on said horizontal arm and encircling said other hole, said collar being concentric with said inclined bore and said one hole being concentric with said vertical bore, a pin extending through said inclined collar and bore and frictionally engaging within the latter, said pin threadably engaging said collar, an expansion shield in said vertical bore, and a threaded bolt extending through said vertical hole and threadably engaging in said shield to expand the latter within said vertical bore.

12. For use with an overhead structure provided with spaced bores one of which is vertical and the other of which is inclined away from the vertical bore, a hanger assembly comprising a bracket engaged against said overhead structure and provided with spaced holes corresponding to said bores, a collar on said bracket and concentric with and encircling one of said holes, said collar being concentric with said inclined bore, the other of said holes being concentric with said vertical bore, a fastening member extending through said collar and the associated hole and into said bore and engaging within the latter, a second fastening member extending through said other hole into said vertical bore, and a retainer member on the second fastening member and in endwise engagement with the first said fastening member to retain the latter in the associated bore.

13. On an overhead structure provided with spaced bores one of which is vertical and the other of which is inclined, a hanger assembly comprising a bracket, first and second fastening members extending through said bracket into said bores for fastening the bracket to said structure, and means on said bracket engaging at least one of said members to retain the same in the associated bore.

14. A method of supporting a suspension member by the use of a knee bracket having first and second holes therein and including a sleeve encircling said first hole; said method comprising fixing the end of a pin to said sleeve so that said end protrudes through said sleeve, drilling vertical and inclined bores into an overhead structure in correspondence with said holes, mounting an expansion shield in said vertical bore, driving said pin into said inclined bore to lock the said bracket to said overhead structure, inserting a threaded bolt through said second hole and screwing the same into said shield, and connecting said suspension member detachably to said knee bracket.

15. A method of supporting a suspension member by the use of a knee bracket, said method comprising forming spaced holes in said bracket and securing on said bracket an internally threaded sleeve encircling one of said holes, threading the end of a pin, threadably engaging said end with said sleeve so that said end protrudes through said sleeve, threadably engaging a nut on the protruding end and fixing the nut to said end, drilling vertical and inclined bores into an overhead masonry structure in correspondence with said holes, mounting an expansion shield in said vertical bore, driving said pin into said inclined bore to lock the said bracket to said. overhead structure, inserting a threaded bolt through the other said hole and screwing the bolt into said shield, and connecting said suspension member detachably to said knee bracket.

16. A method of supporting a load by the use of a knee bracket having vertical and inclined holes therein and including an internally threaded sleeve encircling said inclined hole; said method comprising threading the end of a pin, threadably engaging said end with said sleeve so that said end protrudes through said sleeve, threadably engaging a nut on the protruding end and riveting the nut to said end, drilling vertical and inclined bores into an overhead masonry structure in correspondence with said holes, mounting an expansion shield in said vertical bore, driving said pin into said inclined bore to lock the said bracket to said overhead structure, inserting a threaded bolt through said vertical hole and screwing the same into said shield, connecting a suspension member detachably to said knee bracket, and suspending a load from said suspension member.

17. A method of supporting a suspension member by the use of a knee bracket having vertical and inclined holes therein and including an internally threaded sleeve encircling said inclined hole; said method comprising threading the end of a pin, threadably engaging said end with said sleeve so that said end protrudes through said sleeve, threadably engaging a nut on the protruding end and riveting the nut to said end, drilling vertical and inclined bores into an overhead masonry structure in correspondence with said holes, mounting an expansion shield in said vertical bore, driving said pin into said inclined bore to lock the said bracket to said overhead structure, inserting a threaded bolt through said vertical hole and screwing the same into said shield, and connecting said suspension member detachably to said knee bracket.

18. In combination with an overhead structure, a hanger comprising a horizontal bracket, a fastening member extending through said bracket and, at an acute angle, into said structure, vertical fastening means extending through said bracket into said structure, and means adjustably supported on the bracket and engaging said fastening member to retain the same in said structure.

19. In combination with an overhead structure, a hanger comprising a bracket, a fastening member extending through said bracket and, at an acute angle, into said structure, and means adjustably supported on the bracket and engaging said fastening member to retain the same in said structure; said hanger further comprising means to receive forces originating in said fastening member in shear.

20. A horizontal hanger comprising a bracket, a fastening member extending through said bracket at an acute angle, a threaded sleeve connected to said bracket and being located beneath said fastening member, vertical fastening means extending through said bracket and a rod threadably engaged with said sleeve, said rod being in endwise engagement with the fastening member and being further adapted for supporting a load.

21. On an overhead structure provided. with an inclined bore, a hanger comprising a bracket provided with a hole corresponding to said bore, a pin extending through the hole and frictionally engaged in the inclined bore, vertical fastening means extending through. said bracket into said structure, an angle connected to said bracket and including a section beneath said pin, and internally threaded sleeve on said section beneath said pin, and a rod threadably engaged in said sleeve in endwise engagement with the head on said pin and being further adapted for supporting a load.

22. In combination With an overhead masonry structure provided with vertical and inclined bores, a hanger comprising a bracket provided with holes corresponding to said bores, a sleeve depending from the bracket and encircling one of said holes, vertical fastening means extending through said bracket into said vertical bore, a pin extending through the sleeve and associated hole and frictionally engaged in the inclined bore, an angle connected to said bracket and including a section beneath the same, an internally threaded sleeve on said section beneath the said pin, and a rod threadably engaged in said sleeve, said rod being in endwise engagement with said pin and being further adapted for supporting a load.

23. In combination with an overhead masonry structure provided with vertical and inclined bores, a hanger comprising a knee bracket including perpendicularly disposed arms in horizontal and vertical disposition, said horizontal arm being provided with vertical and inclined holes corresponding to said bores, a sleeve depending from the horizontal arm and concentric with and encircling said inclined hole, a pin extending through the sleeve and inclined hole and frictionally engaged in the inclined bore, a head on said pin abutting against said sleeve, a tastening member extending through said horizontal arm to engage Within the vertical bore, an angle connected to said vertical arm and including a section beneath and parallel to said horizontal arm, a vertical and internally threaded sleeve on said section beneath the head on said pin, and a rod threadably engaged in said sleeve, said rod being in endwise engagement with the head on said pin and being further adapted for supporting a load.

24. In combination with an overhead masonry structure provided with vertical and inclined bores, a hanger comprising a knee bracket including perpendicularly disposed arms in horizontal and vertical disposition, said horizontal arm being provided with vertical and inclined holes corresponding to said bores, a sleeve depending from the horizontal arm and concentric with and encircling said inclined hole, a pin extending through the sleeve and inclined hole and frictionally engaged in the inclined bore, a head on said pin abutting against said sleeve, an expansion shield in said vertical bore, a bolt extendmg through said vertical hole into said shield to expand the latter Within the vertical bore, a head on said bolt sandwiching the horizontal arm against the overhead structure, an angle connected to said vertical arm and including a section beneath and parallel to said horizontal arm, a vertical and internally threaded sleeve on said section beneath the head on said pin, and a rod threadably engaged in said sleeve, said rod being in endwise engagement with the head on said pin and being further adapted for supporting a load.

25. A method of supporting a load by the use of a knee 'bracket including a vertical and an inclined hole, said method comprising forming vertical and inclined bores in an overhead masonry structure in correspondence with said holes, mounting an expansion shield in said vertical bore, aligning the corresponding bores and holes, driving a pin through the inclined hole into the inclined bore, threading a bolt through the vertical hole into the expansion shield, said pin and bolt locking the knee bracket to the overhead structure, connecting a threaded sleeve to the knee bracket below said pin, and threading a rod through said sleeve and into endwise engagement with said pin.

26. A method of supporting a load by the use of a knee bracket including a vertical and an inclined hole, said method comprising forming vertical and inclined bores in an overhead masonry structure in correspondence with said holes, mounting an expansion shield in said vertical bore, aligning the corresponding bores and holes, driving a pin through the inclined hole into the inclined bore, threading a bolt through the vertical hole into the expansion shield, said pin and bolt locking the knee bracket to the overhead structure, connecting a threaded sleeve to the knee bracket below said pin, and threading a rod through said sleeve and into endwise engagement with said pin, and suspending a load from said rod.

27. A method of supporting a load by the use of a bracket provided with spaced holes, said method comprising forming vertical and inclined bores in an overhead structure in correspondence with said holes, aligning the corresponding bores and holes, driving a pin through one of said holes into the inclined bore, inserting a fastening member through the bracket into the vertical bore, said pin and fastening member locking the bracket to the overhead structure, threadably supporting a rod on said bracket, and adjusting the rod into endwise engagement with said pin.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 546,837 9/1895 Bulkley 52698 1,163,132 12/1915 Ette 248-216 3,201,906 8/1965 Giardina 5239 FOREIGN PATENTS 163,232 6/ 1955 Australia.

933,925 1/1948 France.

863,044 3/1961 Great Britain.

FRANK L. ABBOTT, Primary Examiner.

A. C. PERI-1AM, Assistant Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. 4. IN COMBINATION WITH AN OVERHEAD STRUCTURE PROVIDED WITH SPACED BORES ONE OF WHICH IS VERTICAL AND THE OTHER OF WHICH IS INCLINED AWAY FROM THE VERTICAL BORE AT AN ANGLE, A HANGER ASSEMBLY COMPRISING MEANS INCLUDING HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL ARMS CONNECTED TO EACH OTHER, SAID HORIZONTAL ARM BEING IN FACE-TO-FACE RELATION WITH SAID OVERHEAD STRUCTURE AND BEING PROVIDED WITH SPACED HOLES CORRESPONDING TO SAID BORES, ONE OF SAID HOLES BEING VERTICAL AND THE OTHER HOLE BEING INCLINED, AN INCLINED COLLAR ON SAID HORIZONTAL ARM AND CONCENTRIC WITH AND ENCIRCLING SAID INCLINED HOLE, SAID INCLINED HOLE AND COLLAR BEING CONCENTRIC WITH SAID INCLINED BORE AND SAID VERTICAL HOLE BEING CONCENTRIC WITH SAID VERTICAL BORE, A PIN EXTENDING THROUGH SAID INCLINED COLLAR, HOLE AND BORE AND FRICTIONALLY ENGAGING WITHIN THE LATTER, A DOME-SHAPED HEAD ON SAID PIN AND ABUTTING AGAINST SAID COLLAR, AN EXPANSION SHIELD IN SAID VERTICAL BORE, A THREADED BOLT EXTENDING THROUGH SAID VERTICAL HOLE AND THREADABLY ENGAGING IN SAID SHIELD TO EXPAND THE LATTER WITHIN SAID VERTICAL BORE, A SPRING CLIP INCLUDING A FLAT PORTION ON AND AT RIGHT ANGLES TO SAID BOLT, A HEAD ON SAID BOLT SANDWICHING SAID CLIP PORTION AGAINST SAID HORIZONTAL ARM AND SAID HORIZONTAL ARM AGAINST SAID STRUCTURE, SAID CLIP FURTHER INCLUDING AN ARCUATE EXTENSION EXTENDING FROM SAID FLAT PORTION AND ENGAGING SAID DOME-SHAPED HEAD SUCH THAT A TENDENCY OF SAID PIN TO MOVE OUT OF SAID INCLINED BORE IS RESOLVED INTO VERTICAL AND HORIZONTAL VECTOR FORCES THE LATTER OF WHICH IS APPLIED TO SAID BOLT IN SHEAR, A SUSPENSION MEMBER, AND MEANS CONNECTING SAID SUSPENSION MEMBER TO SAID VERTICAL ARM.

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