US3305476A - Balanced-octane gasoline manufacture - Google Patents

Balanced-octane gasoline manufacture Download PDF

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Publication number
US3305476A
US3305476A US418041A US41804164A US3305476A US 3305476 A US3305476 A US 3305476A US 418041 A US418041 A US 418041A US 41804164 A US41804164 A US 41804164A US 3305476 A US3305476 A US 3305476A
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United States
Prior art keywords
octane
gasoline
boiling
produce
range
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Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US418041A
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English (en)
Inventor
Earl D York
Herbert G Krane
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Standard Oil Co
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Standard Oil Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Standard Oil Co filed Critical Standard Oil Co
Priority to US418041A priority Critical patent/US3305476A/en
Priority to GB51474/65A priority patent/GB1069950A/en
Priority to NL656516166A priority patent/NL144660B/xx
Priority to DEST24753A priority patent/DE1276850B/de
Priority to FR42254A priority patent/FR1459607A/fr
Priority to BE673738D priority patent/BE673738A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3305476A publication Critical patent/US3305476A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
    • C10L1/06—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons for spark ignition
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G59/00—Treatment of naphtha by two or more reforming processes only or by at least one reforming process and at least one process which does not substantially change the boiling range of the naphtha
    • C10G59/06—Treatment of naphtha by two or more reforming processes only or by at least one reforming process and at least one process which does not substantially change the boiling range of the naphtha plural parallel stages only

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved process for manufacturing motor gasoline having improved octane rating throughout the boiling range thereof. More specifically, the invention relates to manufacture of such gasolines by catalytic reforming of selectively blended feedstocks.
  • Our invention provides a method of producing full boiling range motor gasoline having substantially balanced octane across the boiling range thereof by subjecting to catalytic reforming a selectively blended reformer charge to produce a catalytic reformate having octane and boiling range characteristics such that said gasoline consists essentially only of said reformate and sufiicient added light hydrocarbons to impart to said gasoline the desired vapor pressure.
  • our invention we provide a method of producing from low octane naphtha a motor gasoline having balanced octane across the boiling range thereof, which gasoline consists essentially of catalytic reformate and sufficient light hydrocarbons to produce the desired gasoline vapor pressure, which method comprises distilling said naphtha to produce a low boiling fraction, and an intermediate boiling fraction and a high boiling fraction, blending portions of each of said fractions to produce a reformate charge stream and subjecting said charge stream to catalytic reforming to produce a reformate having balanced octane across the boiling range thereof, and blending said reformate, Without further treatment, with light hydrocarbons to produce said gasoline.
  • a preferred embodiment of our invention is a process for converting low octane naphtha to produce two motor gasolines having different research octane numbers and each of said gasolines having substantially balanced octane across the boiling range thereof, by distilling the naphtha into light, intermediate and heavy fractions, preparing a first catalytic reformer charge stream by blending selected portions of each of said fractions and subjecting said first charge stream to catalytic reforming to produce a first motor gasoline having a balanced octane across the gasoline boiling range, and preparing a second catalytic reformer charge stream different from said first charge stream by blending selected portions of each of said fractions and subjecting said second charge stream to catalytic reforming to produce a second motor gasoline having a research octane number below the research octane of said first gasoline and also having balanced octane across the gasoline boiling range.
  • the distillation of the low octane naphtha is controlled so that the light fraction boils within the range of about 90 to 200 F., the intermediate fraction boils within the range of 100 to 300 F., and the heavy fraction boils within the range of 200 to 400 F.
  • the first charge stream preferably consists essentially of about 1 to 10 volume percent of the light fraction, 60 to volume percent of the intermediate fraction, and 15 to 35 volume percent of the heavy fraction.
  • the second charge stream for producing gasoline having a lower octane number from the gasoline produced from the first charge stream preferably consists essentially of 10 to 30 volume percent of the light fraction, 20 to 40 volume percent of the intermediate fraction and 40 to 60 volume percent of the heavy fraction.
  • the reforming severity employed in the first reformer, producing the higher octane gasoline is normally that required to produce at least about C research octane number, preferably at least about (3 research octane number.
  • Smaller quantities of the light and heavy fractions are used to blend feed for the higher severity first (premium grade) reformer than are used in blending feed for the lower severity second reformer because the higher severity employed in the first reformer results in greater production of light and heavy reformate components. This selective blending of feeds improves volatility as well as providing balanced octane across the boiling range of the reformates.
  • Delta R octane number which provides a measure of the distribution of octane number through gasoline boiling range. It is used in describing the effect of fuel mal-distribution in automobiles on road octane ratings. It is defined as the research octane number (ASTM D908) of the whole fuel minus the research octane number of a certain percent overhead fraction of the fuel when it is distilled rapidly by a specified procedure.
  • Delta R is the research octane number of the whole fuel minus the research octane number of the first 75 percent distilled. This method is used by several petroleum companies in their research and development work. Such a test method has been described by: Korn, J. M., and Moss, G., Tetramethyl Lead Reduces Low Speed Knock, SAE Summer Meeting, June 1960. The research octane ratings are obtained by the usual meth- 3 ods. Delta R ratings in the range of about 3.0 to 10.0 are considered to be satisfactory. The addition of tetramethyl lead anti-knock agent in preference to tetraethyl lead will result in lower Delta R values.
  • crude oil feed from source 10 is fed via line 11 to conventional crude distillation column 12 wherein the crude oil is separated into an overhead fraction comprising butane, an isopentane side stream, a naphtha side stream and a bottoms fraction which is withdrawn via line 15.
  • the naphtha side stream is withdrawn from the crude distillation column and passed via line 13 to a conventional hydrodesulfurization unit 14.
  • Desulfurized naphtha is passed from the desulfurizer 14 via line 16 into pre-fractionator column 17.
  • a butane and lighter gas stream is removed overhead and vented or used as fuel.
  • a first catalytic reforming charge stream for processing in a premium grade reformer 23 is prepared by introducing into the premium grade reformer charge line 24 selected portions of each of the three fractions so that the charge blend consists essentially of about 1 to 10 volume percent of the light fraction from line 18, about 60 to 80 volume percent of the intermediate fraction from line 19 via line 26, and about 40 to 60 volume percent of the heavy fraction from line 21 via line 27.
  • a second catalytic reformer charge blend for processing in regular grade reformer 28 is prepared by blending selected portions of each of the three fractions so that the charge blend contains about 10 to 30 volume percent of the light fraction from line 18 via line 29 into regular grade reformer 28 charge line 31, about 20 to 40 volume percent of the intermediate fraction from line 19 via line 32 into line 31 and about 40 to 60 percent of the heavy fraction from line 21 into charge line 31.
  • the premium grade reformer 23 is operated at a reforming severity above about 90 C research octane, preferably at least about 95 C research octane number to produce a first reformate which is withdrawn from the reformer via line 32.
  • a portion of each of the butane and isopentane streams distilled from the crude oil in disitllation column 12 are passed via lines 33 and 34, respectively, via lines 36 and 37 into line 32 wherein the butane and isopentane are blended with the reformate from reformer 23 to produce premium grade gasoline having the desired vapor pressure and substantially balanced octane throughout the boiling range.
  • the regular grade reformer 28 is operated at a reforming severity lower than the severity employed in the premium grade reformer 23.
  • Catalytic reformate is withdrawn from regular grade reformer 28 via line 38 and blended with sufficient butane and isopentane from lines 33 and 34 to adjust the vapor pressure as desired to produce a regular grade gasoline having a research octane rating lower than the premium grade gasoline and having substantially balanced octane throughout the gasoline boiling range.
  • the premium reformer charge and the regular reformer charge streams were subjected to catalytic reforming over platinum-alumina catalyst at reforming severities of 97.0 and 83.0, research octane number respectively.
  • Each of the catalytic reformates produced was then blended with butane and isopentane to produce premium and regular grade gasolines having the desired vapor pressure and volatility and also having balanced octane throughout the boiling range as indicated by the Delta R ratings.
  • the properties of each reformate and the composition and properties of each gasoline are shown in Table III.
  • a method of producing from low octane naphtha motor gasoline having balanced octane across the boiling range thereof, which gasoline consists essentially of cat alytic reformate and sutficient light hydrocarbons to produce the desired gasoline vapor pressure which method comprises distilling said naptha to produce a low boiling fraction boiling within the range of about 90-200 R, an intermediate boiling fraction boiling Within the range of about IUD-300 F., and a high boiling fraction boiling Within the range of about ZOO-400 F., blending selected portions of each of said fractions to produce a reformer charge stream and subjecting said charge stream to catalytic reforming to produce a reformate having balanced octane across the boiling range thereof, and blending said reformate without further treatment thereof, with light hydrocarbons to produce said gasoline.
  • a method for producing from low octane naphtha motor gasoline having substantially balanced octane across the boiling range thereof wherein a selected charge blend is reformed to produce a reformate suitable for use as said motor gasoline without further treatment except for vapor pressure adjustment comprises distilling said naphtha to produce a low boiling fraction boiling Within the range of about 90-200 R, an intermediate boiling fraction boiling within the range of about 100-300 F., and a high boiling fraction boiling within the range of about ZOO-400 F., preparing a reforming charge stream blend consisting essentially of 1-20 volume percent of said low boiling fraction, 50-90 volume percent of said intermediate boiling fraction, and 5-45 volume percent of said high boiling fraction, and subjecting said reforming charge stream blend to catalytic reforming to produce said gasoline.
  • said first catalytic reformer charge stream consists essentially of 1-10 volume percent of said light fraction, 60-80 volume percent of said intermediate fraction, and 15-35 volume percent of said heavy fraction; said second catalytic reformer charge consisting essentially of -30 volume percent of said light fraction, 20-40 volume percent of said intermediate fraction, and 40-60 volume percent of said heavy fraction.
  • a process for converting low octane naphtha to produce two motor gasolines having different research octane numbers and each of said gasolines having substantially balanced octane across the boiling range thereof by distilling said naphtha into a light fraction boiling within the range of about -200 R, an intermediate fraction boiling within the range of 100-300 F., and a heavy fraction boiling within the range of about 200- 400 F., preparing a first catalytic reformer charge stream by blending portions of each of said fractions and sub jecting said first charge stream to catalytic reforming at a severity above that required to produce about 90 C;, ⁇ research octane to produce a first motor gasoline having a balanced octane across the gasoline boiling range, and preparing a second catalytic reformer charge stream by blending portions of each of said fractions and subjecting said second charge stream to catalytic reforming at a severity below that used in reforming said first charge stream to produce a second motor gasoline having a research oct

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
US418041A 1964-12-14 1964-12-14 Balanced-octane gasoline manufacture Expired - Lifetime US3305476A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US418041A US3305476A (en) 1964-12-14 1964-12-14 Balanced-octane gasoline manufacture
GB51474/65A GB1069950A (en) 1964-12-14 1965-12-03 Balanced-octane gasoline manufacture
NL656516166A NL144660B (nl) 1964-12-14 1965-12-13 Werkwijze voor het bereiden van motorbenzine die in hoofdzaak bestaat uit katalytisch reformaat en voldoende lichte koolwaterstoffen om de gewenste benzinedampdruk te verkrijgen.
DEST24753A DE1276850B (de) 1964-12-14 1965-12-13 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Motorbenzin mit ausgewogenem Oktanprofil
FR42254A FR1459607A (fr) 1964-12-14 1965-12-14 Perfectionnements aux procédés pour la production d'essence à indice d'octane équilibré
BE673738D BE673738A (fr) 1964-12-14 1965-12-14

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US418041A US3305476A (en) 1964-12-14 1964-12-14 Balanced-octane gasoline manufacture

Publications (1)

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US3305476A true US3305476A (en) 1967-02-21

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US (1) US3305476A (fr)
BE (1) BE673738A (fr)
DE (1) DE1276850B (fr)
FR (1) FR1459607A (fr)
GB (1) GB1069950A (fr)
NL (1) NL144660B (fr)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3619408A (en) * 1969-09-19 1971-11-09 Phillips Petroleum Co Hydroisomerization of motor fuel stocks
USRE33323E (en) * 1984-12-07 1990-09-04 Exxon Research & Engineering Company Reforming process for enhanced benzene yield
US6602404B2 (en) * 1997-10-30 2003-08-05 Exxon Mobil Chemical Patents Inc. Process for naphtha reforming
US6740228B1 (en) 1989-10-30 2004-05-25 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Process for reforming petroleum hydrocarbon stocks
US10774276B2 (en) 2018-10-09 2020-09-15 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Multi-stage fractionation of FCC naphtha with post treatment and recovery of aromatics and gasoline fractions
EP3774700A4 (fr) * 2018-03-27 2021-12-29 Phillips 66 Company Activation catalytique de mélanges enrichis en isopentane
WO2022154819A1 (fr) * 2021-01-15 2022-07-21 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Appareil et procédé pour la production améliorée de composés aromatiques
US11473022B2 (en) 2021-01-07 2022-10-18 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Distillate hydrocracking process with an n-paraffins separation step to produce a high octane number isomerate stream and a steam pyrolysis feedstock
US11807818B2 (en) 2021-01-07 2023-11-07 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Integrated FCC and aromatic recovery complex to boost BTX and light olefin production

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2890994A (en) * 1955-05-16 1959-06-16 Sun Oil Co Catalytic reforming proces of selective fractions
US3002917A (en) * 1959-10-01 1961-10-03 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Method of making 104-106 r.o.n. leaded gasoline
US3072561A (en) * 1959-12-30 1963-01-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co Blocked hydrocarbon conversion operation permitting reduced tankage
US3072562A (en) * 1959-03-20 1963-01-08 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Method of producing gasoline having improved distribution of anti-knock capability

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2890994A (en) * 1955-05-16 1959-06-16 Sun Oil Co Catalytic reforming proces of selective fractions
US3072562A (en) * 1959-03-20 1963-01-08 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Method of producing gasoline having improved distribution of anti-knock capability
US3002917A (en) * 1959-10-01 1961-10-03 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Method of making 104-106 r.o.n. leaded gasoline
US3072561A (en) * 1959-12-30 1963-01-08 Exxon Research Engineering Co Blocked hydrocarbon conversion operation permitting reduced tankage

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3619408A (en) * 1969-09-19 1971-11-09 Phillips Petroleum Co Hydroisomerization of motor fuel stocks
USRE33323E (en) * 1984-12-07 1990-09-04 Exxon Research & Engineering Company Reforming process for enhanced benzene yield
US6740228B1 (en) 1989-10-30 2004-05-25 Exxonmobil Chemical Patents Inc. Process for reforming petroleum hydrocarbon stocks
US6602404B2 (en) * 1997-10-30 2003-08-05 Exxon Mobil Chemical Patents Inc. Process for naphtha reforming
EP3774700A4 (fr) * 2018-03-27 2021-12-29 Phillips 66 Company Activation catalytique de mélanges enrichis en isopentane
US10774276B2 (en) 2018-10-09 2020-09-15 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Multi-stage fractionation of FCC naphtha with post treatment and recovery of aromatics and gasoline fractions
US11473022B2 (en) 2021-01-07 2022-10-18 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Distillate hydrocracking process with an n-paraffins separation step to produce a high octane number isomerate stream and a steam pyrolysis feedstock
US11807818B2 (en) 2021-01-07 2023-11-07 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Integrated FCC and aromatic recovery complex to boost BTX and light olefin production
WO2022154819A1 (fr) * 2021-01-15 2022-07-21 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Appareil et procédé pour la production améliorée de composés aromatiques
US11820949B2 (en) 2021-01-15 2023-11-21 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Apparatus and process for the enhanced production of aromatic compounds

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE673738A (fr) 1966-04-01
GB1069950A (en) 1967-05-24
NL144660B (nl) 1975-01-15
NL6516166A (fr) 1966-06-15
FR1459607A (fr) 1966-11-18
DE1276850B (de) 1968-09-05

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