US3300935A - Joining tubular roof beams and means therefor - Google Patents

Joining tubular roof beams and means therefor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3300935A
US3300935A US364995A US36499564A US3300935A US 3300935 A US3300935 A US 3300935A US 364995 A US364995 A US 364995A US 36499564 A US36499564 A US 36499564A US 3300935 A US3300935 A US 3300935A
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United States
Prior art keywords
beams
roof
tubular
roof beams
means therefor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US364995A
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English (en)
Inventor
Marchioli Giorgio
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Individual
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Individual
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/38—Devices for sealing spaces or joints between roof-covering elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B21/00—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles
    • B28B21/02—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by casting into moulds
    • B28B21/10—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by casting into moulds using compacting means
    • B28B21/18—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by casting into moulds using compacting means using expansible or retractable mould or core elements
    • B28B21/20—Methods or machines specially adapted for the production of tubular articles by casting into moulds using compacting means using expansible or retractable mould or core elements using inflatable cores, e.g. having a frame inside the inflatable part of the core
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/003—Pressing by means acting upon the material via flexible mould wall parts, e.g. by means of inflatable cores, isostatic presses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/006—Pressing by atmospheric pressure, as a result of vacuum generation or by gas or liquid pressure acting directly upon the material, e.g. jets of compressed air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
    • B28B7/40—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material
    • B28B7/46—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels characterised by means for modifying the properties of the moulding material for humidifying or dehumidifying
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/0005—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor characterised by the material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C53/00—Shaping by bending, folding, twisting, straightening or flattening; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C53/56—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally
    • B29C53/566—Winding and joining, e.g. winding spirally for making tubular articles followed by compression
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/44—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding
    • B29C70/446—Moulding structures having an axis of symmetry or at least one channel, e.g. tubular structures, frames
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B5/00—Floors; Floor construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted therefor
    • E04B5/02—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units
    • E04B5/04—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. asbestos cement
    • E04B5/06—Load-carrying floor structures formed substantially of prefabricated units with beams or slabs of concrete or other stone-like material, e.g. asbestos cement with beams placed against one another optionally with pointing-mortar
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/20—Roofs consisting of self-supporting slabs, e.g. able to be loaded
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/28—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of materials not covered by groups E04C3/04 - E04C3/20
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/24—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets with special cross-section, e.g. with corrugations on both sides, with ribs, flanges, or the like
    • E04D3/32—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets with special cross-section, e.g. with corrugations on both sides, with ribs, flanges, or the like of plastics, fibrous materials, or asbestos cement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/35—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D3/00—Roof covering by making use of flat or curved slabs or stiff sheets
    • E04D3/35—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation
    • E04D3/357—Roofing slabs or stiff sheets comprising two or more layers, e.g. for insulation comprising hollow cavities
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/10—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non-rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts or dies
    • B29C43/12—Isostatic pressing, i.e. using non-rigid pressure-exerting members against rigid parts or dies using bags surrounding the moulding material or using membranes contacting the moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C49/00—Blow-moulding, i.e. blowing a preform or parison to a desired shape within a mould; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C49/02—Combined blow-moulding and manufacture of the preform or the parison
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/001—Profiled members, e.g. beams, sections
    • B29L2031/003—Profiled members, e.g. beams, sections having a profiled transverse cross-section

Definitions

  • each elementary tubular beam for the construction of the roof has a square or rectangular crosssection, the basewall of which has thickness double that of the other walls in view of the fact that, for asbestos cement, tensile strength is about one-third of compression strength:
  • the top or upper wall of the tubular beam assumes the shape of :a shallow channel having fiat or concave bottom at its center and sides inclined upwardly and outwardly therefrom.
  • the T-shaped butt-strap is preferably formed with an arched upper outside surface which is provided with transverse ribs projecting at intervals therealong to deviate towards the adjacent beams the water that flows therealong and to prevent said water from accumulating, particularly at the locations of any possible junctions between the pieces composing said buttstrap.
  • a very advantageous process for manufacturing said tubular beams consists in preparing a plate of asbestoscement of any desired length with the asbestos fibers preferably oriented in the direction of the length of the plate and of a width equal to about one and one-fourth times the perimeter of the finished beam, in winding up said plate in the direction of width, while it is still in the plastic state, around an expansible core of nearly quadrangular cross-section, with the two extreme borders of the mound plate being superimposed over the whole length of the lower side or base of said core, in introducing said plate wound up on the core, and surrounded by a thin yielding net, into a metallic die the inner walls of which have the profile and cross-section of the finished beam, in subsequently causing the expansion of the core to definitively compress the plate of asbestos-cement against the die thereby expelling the excess water, and in extracting the tubular beam so shaped from the die.
  • FIG. 1 is a fragmentary perspective view of a roof according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of two contiguous tubular beams of the roof and of the sealing butt-strap therebetween;
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the butt-strap.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of apparatus for the manufacturing of a tubular beam.
  • the roof illustrated in FIG. 1 is essentially constituted by a plurality of tubular beams I placed side by side and resting upon or anchored to supporting beams 3, and by butt-straps 2 the function of which is to avoid infiltration of water between the zones of contact of adjacent assembled tubular beams.
  • the individual tubular beams are obtained from plates or sheets of asbestos-cement, as follows:
  • a plate or sheet obtained in known man ner from a mix of asbestos-cement said plate is bent or wrapped in the direction of its width around a core 4 of substantially rectangular cross-section, of rubber or other inflatable material, taking care that the longitudinal borders 5-6 of the plate are superimposed on each other.
  • the assembly of the core with the plate wrapped thereon is introduced into the steel die 8 (which may be formed of two separable pieces) lines with one or more screens and provided with a plurality of holes 9 for the exit of water.
  • compressed air or water is introduced into the core for inflating the latter and thereby compelling the plate to be compressed against the inner face of the die 8 to assume its definitive shape.
  • the core is deflated so as to be easily removable from the tubular beam.
  • the beam 7 for example, of the order of magnitude of to kg./cm. ensures the best ratio of residual water to cement (0.25) and renders the asbestos-cement structure monolithic. From FIG. 2 one sees clearly the actual shape that the beam definitely assumes: it has a base of double thickness as compared to that of the other walls, and the vertical or side walls have upper portions 10-10 that are slightly inclined or converging and projecting upwards, and joined with the side portions 1111' of the upper wall which is centrally depressed, in such a way as to make the upper Wall assume the profile of a shallow channel with inclined sides, to facilitate the conveying of water therealong.
  • the convergence of the upper portions 10-10 has also the purpose of permitting an application of the butt-strap 2 between two contiguous beams.
  • Said butt-strap 2 which also is of asbestoscement, has substantially a T-shaped cross-section, as is shown in FIG. 2, and includes a rib 2' which is wedge-shaped and depend centrally from a cap having an upper surface which is arched or flat and provided with ridges or cords 2" projecting transversally with respect to the length of the strap 2 and preferably being curved in the direction of the roof slant, for the purpose of facilitating the deflection and the conveyance of the water towards the shallow channels in the tops of the contiguous beams.
  • a self-supporting roof structure to be carried by spaced supporting beams comprising a plurality of elongated, tubular roof beams of asbestos-cement arranged side by side in abutting relationship along a substantial portion of the side walls thereof, and spanning and resting on said supporting beams, each of said roof beams being of generally quadrangular cross-section, said roof beams having side Walls with converging upper portions and a top wall which is centrally depressed between said side walls, precast elements in the form of substantially T- shaped butt-straps wedgedly secured between the adjacent roof beams, each butt-strap including a cap bridging the top walls of said adjacent roof beams and a rib depending centrally from said cap and being wedgeshaped in cross-section to fit between said upper portions of the confronting side walls of said adjacent roof beams, to prevent infiltration of water between adjacent roof beams, each cap of each butt-strap having longitudinally spaced ridges extending transversely along the upper surface thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)
  • Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
US364995A 1963-05-14 1964-05-05 Joining tubular roof beams and means therefor Expired - Lifetime US3300935A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT1005463 1963-05-14

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3300935A true US3300935A (en) 1967-01-31

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US364995A Expired - Lifetime US3300935A (en) 1963-05-14 1964-05-05 Joining tubular roof beams and means therefor

Country Status (7)

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US (1) US3300935A (es)
BE (1) BE647894A (es)
CH (1) CH414113A (es)
DE (1) DE1484002A1 (es)
ES (1) ES299988A1 (es)
GB (1) GB1023298A (es)
NL (1) NL6405387A (es)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20200340247A1 (en) * 2019-04-23 2020-10-29 Epic Metals Corporation Roof Deck

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7825534U1 (de) * 1978-08-28 1979-02-01 Teewen B.V., Tegelen (Niederlande) Konstruktionsprofil
GB8826708D0 (en) * 1988-11-15 1988-12-21 Brownlee E J W Roofing

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US202784A (en) * 1878-04-23 Improvement in roof-battening
US511387A (en) * 1893-12-26 Sheet-metal bulbous roofing-tile
US550325A (en) * 1895-11-26 Metal roofing
US646495A (en) * 1899-11-23 1900-04-03 Frank Jager Roofing.
US1152236A (en) * 1913-10-16 1915-08-31 Charles A Swanson Roof-valley.
US1218676A (en) * 1914-07-30 1917-03-13 Chicago Standard Equipment Company Car-roof.
GB330340A (en) * 1929-04-05 1930-06-12 Stefano Facdouelle Improvements in roof coverings
FR1004426A (fr) * 1947-04-21 1952-03-31 Toit plein en pierres creuses
FR1080763A (fr) * 1952-05-06 1954-12-13 Toitures
US2835019A (en) * 1955-09-12 1958-05-20 Gen Electric Method for casting ceramic shapes
US3218377A (en) * 1961-05-26 1965-11-16 Eternit Sa Method and means for molding an aqueous fibrous mixture

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US202784A (en) * 1878-04-23 Improvement in roof-battening
US511387A (en) * 1893-12-26 Sheet-metal bulbous roofing-tile
US550325A (en) * 1895-11-26 Metal roofing
US646495A (en) * 1899-11-23 1900-04-03 Frank Jager Roofing.
US1152236A (en) * 1913-10-16 1915-08-31 Charles A Swanson Roof-valley.
US1218676A (en) * 1914-07-30 1917-03-13 Chicago Standard Equipment Company Car-roof.
GB330340A (en) * 1929-04-05 1930-06-12 Stefano Facdouelle Improvements in roof coverings
FR1004426A (fr) * 1947-04-21 1952-03-31 Toit plein en pierres creuses
FR1080763A (fr) * 1952-05-06 1954-12-13 Toitures
US2835019A (en) * 1955-09-12 1958-05-20 Gen Electric Method for casting ceramic shapes
US3218377A (en) * 1961-05-26 1965-11-16 Eternit Sa Method and means for molding an aqueous fibrous mixture

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20200340247A1 (en) * 2019-04-23 2020-10-29 Epic Metals Corporation Roof Deck

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6405387A (es) 1964-11-16
CH414113A (it) 1966-05-31
BE647894A (es) 1964-08-31
DE1484002A1 (de) 1968-12-12
ES299988A1 (es) 1965-04-01
GB1023298A (en) 1966-03-23

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