US3299653A - Refrigeration system - Google Patents

Refrigeration system Download PDF

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US3299653A
US3299653A US498815A US49881565A US3299653A US 3299653 A US3299653 A US 3299653A US 498815 A US498815 A US 498815A US 49881565 A US49881565 A US 49881565A US 3299653 A US3299653 A US 3299653A
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refrigerant
liquid refrigerant
evaporator
gas
line
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US498815A
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William T Osborne
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Carrier Corp
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Carrier Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
    • F25B1/04—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type
    • F25B1/053—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type of turbine type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
    • F25B41/40—Fluid line arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/01—Geometry problems, e.g. for reducing size

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a refrigeration system and to a method of operating a refrigeration system and, more particularly, to recirculating residual liquid refrigerant through an evaporator by utilizing ilash gas in the system.
  • a related object is to recirculate residual liquid -refrigerant collecting in the system.
  • Another related object is provision for recirculating this liquid refrigerant by utilizing flash gas.
  • the invention is equally applicable to various types of refrigeration systems such as an absorption system or a compression system and is illustrated as embodied in a centrifugal compressor refrigeration system.
  • refrigerant condensate passes from a condenser 11 through a refrigerant condensate line 12 and iiow metering means such as a float valve unit 13 vented to the condenser 11 through a vent line 14. From the oat valve the liquid refrigerant passes through a ash gas chamber 15 and a refrigerant supply line 16 to a refrigerant inlet 17 of an evaporator 18.
  • the supply line 16 has a liquid seal loop 19 for su-bstantially preventing passage of flash gas through the supply line 16 into the evaporator 18 to maintain the chamber 15 above evaporator pressure.
  • the liquid refrigerant vaporizes in the evaporator 18 and is withdrawn through a suction line 20 communicating with a compressor 21 from which compressed refrigerant vapor passes through a highpressure refrigerant line 22 to the condenser 11.
  • the illustrated evaporator 18 has a tube bundle 23 through which chilled water is suitably circulated to a load having a cooling requirement.
  • the refrigerant entering the evaporator 18 through the refrigerant inlet 17 passes into a drip pan 24 having a plurality of perforations in its bottom wall through which the liquid refrigerant drips ⁇ over the tube ybundle 23 and is vaporized as the chilled water in the bundle is cooled.
  • a portion of the liquid refrigerant passing over the tube bundle 23 does not vaporize but collects in a sump 25 of residual liquid refrigerant in the bottom of the evaporator 18 from which the residual refrigerant is pumped back through a recirculating refrigerant line 26 to the refrigerant inlet 17 and the :drip pan 24 for recirculation over the tube bundle 23.
  • the illustrated embodiment of the recirculating refrigerant line 26 is formed with -a loop 'having a depending portion 27 extending downwardly from Fice the sump 25y and communicating with .an ascending portion 28 extending upwardly to the refrigerant inlet 17.
  • the refrigerant froth is formed in the ascending portion 28 of the line 26 by passing refrigerant flash gas from the chamber 15 through a flash gas line 29 opening into the ascending portion 28 .at an elevation suliiciently below the head of residual liquid refrigerant that the substantially lower density froth Imixture is lifted to the inlet 17.
  • the Hash gas line 29 preferably extends through the recirculating line 28 in sealed engagement therewith, and has a suitable mixing portion 30 herein opening upwardly in the line 28 to mix the gas with the liquid refrigerant to form the froth.
  • a method of operating a refrigeration system including a first portion adapted to contain liquid refrigerant and a second portion .at a higher elevation adapted to receive the refrigerant comprising dispersing gas in a portion of said liquid refrigerant to form a mixture having a substantially lower density than the liquid refrigerant, and applying the head pressure of said liquid refrigerant in said first portion to said gas and liquid mixture to raise said portion of gas and liquid to said second portion.
  • a method of operating a refrigeration system including an evaporator having an inlet for liquid refrigerant in an upper portion, a sum-p for residual liquid refrigerant in a lower portion, yand conduit means having a portion descending from said sump and a portion ascending to said inlet in which the steps consist in providing flash gas at a pressure above the evaporator pressure during operation of the system, passing said flash gas into liquid refrigerant in the ascending portion of said conduit means below the level of said liquid refrigerant in said ⁇ conduit means to form a relatively low density mixture of refrigerant liquid and gas, and lifting said mixture to said inlet by the head pressure of liquid refrigerant in said descending portion.
  • a refrigeration system the combination of la first region adapted to contain liquid refrigerant, a second region at an elevation higher than the rst region ladapted to receive refrigerant from the first region, a line connecting the two regions having a descending portion and an .ascending portion adapted to contain liquid refrigerant, means for discharging gaseous refrigerant in the ascending portion of said line below the level of liquid refrigerant therein to form a froth of substantially lower density than the liquid refrigerant, said gaseous refrigerant being discharged into the line at a position such that the head of liquid refrigerant in said line raises the froth to the second region.
  • a refrigeration system comprising an evaporator and refrigerant inlet means in an upper portion of the evaporator for the passage of liquid refrigerant into the evaporator to vaporize and provide cooling, a sump for residual liquid refrigerant in a lower portion of the evaporator, means adapted to Withdraw the refrigerant vapor from said evaporator, means adapted to pass refrigerant to said evaporator including a ash gas charnber adapted to be at a pressure above the evaporator pressure yduring operation of the system, means adapted t-o -pass liquid refrigerant to said chamber, means adapted to pass liquid refrigerant from said chamber to said inlet means, a line having a first portion descending from said sump and a sec-ond portion ascending from the ⁇ descending portion to said inlet means for the passage of said residual liquid refrigerant to said refrigerant inlet means,
  • Iand means adapted to pass said residual liquid refrigerant through said line to said inlet means including means communicating with said chamber and opening into said ascending portion of said line below the level of said residual liquid refrigerant therein adapted to inject ash gas from said chamber into the liquid refrigerant to form a relatively low density mixture of refrigerant ⁇ liquid and gas, said flash gas being discharged into the line at a posi-tion such that the head lof residual liquid refrigerant lifts said mixture to said inlet means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Description

Jan. 24, 1967 w. T. OSBORNE 3,299,653
REFRIGERAIION SYSTEM Filed Oct. 20, 1965 INVENTOR. WILLIAM T. osoRNE ATTORNEY.
United States Patent O 3,299,653 REFRIGERATION SYSTEM William T. Osborne, Syracuse, N.Y., assignor to Carrier Corporation, Syracuse, N.Y., a corporation of Dela- Ware Filed Oct. 20, 1965, Ser. No. 498,815 4 Claims. (Cl. 62-115) This invention relates to a refrigeration system and to a method of operating a refrigeration system and, more particularly, to recirculating residual liquid refrigerant through an evaporator by utilizing ilash gas in the system.
In various types of evaporators such as those having tube bundles over which refrigerant is sprayed or dripped, or through which refrigerant is pumped, for example, some means is usually required for recirculating residual liquid refri-gerant through the evaporator to lfully wet all heat exchange surfaces, thereby providing acceptable efficiency. Motor driven pumps are commonly -used for this purpose Kbut are expensive and often troublesome.
It is a primary object of this invention to provide a new land improved refrigeration system and method of providing refrigeration. A related object is to recirculate residual liquid -refrigerant collecting in the system. Another related object is provision for recirculating this liquid refrigerant by utilizing flash gas.
These and other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and drawing which is la schematic flow diagram of a refrigeration system embodying features of the invention.
The invention is equally applicable to various types of refrigeration systems such as an absorption system or a compression system and is illustrated as embodied in a centrifugal compressor refrigeration system.
Referring to the drawing, refrigerant condensate passes from a condenser 11 through a refrigerant condensate line 12 and iiow metering means such as a float valve unit 13 vented to the condenser 11 through a vent line 14. From the oat valve the liquid refrigerant passes through a ash gas chamber 15 and a refrigerant supply line 16 to a refrigerant inlet 17 of an evaporator 18. The supply line 16 has a liquid seal loop 19 for su-bstantially preventing passage of flash gas through the supply line 16 into the evaporator 18 to maintain the chamber 15 above evaporator pressure. The liquid refrigerant vaporizes in the evaporator 18 and is withdrawn through a suction line 20 communicating with a compressor 21 from which compressed refrigerant vapor passes through a highpressure refrigerant line 22 to the condenser 11.
The illustrated evaporator 18 has a tube bundle 23 through which chilled water is suitably circulated to a load having a cooling requirement. The refrigerant entering the evaporator 18 through the refrigerant inlet 17 passes into a drip pan 24 having a plurality of perforations in its bottom wall through which the liquid refrigerant drips `over the tube ybundle 23 and is vaporized as the chilled water in the bundle is cooled. A portion of the liquid refrigerant passing over the tube bundle 23 does not vaporize but collects in a sump 25 of residual liquid refrigerant in the bottom of the evaporator 18 from which the residual refrigerant is pumped back through a recirculating refrigerant line 26 to the refrigerant inlet 17 and the :drip pan 24 for recirculation over the tube bundle 23.
Pumping of the residual liquid refrigerant results from a high density head of this liquid refrigerant lifting a relatively lower density column of froth formed by mixing refrigerant gas with a portion of the residual liquid refrigerant. More particularly, in order to pump the liquid refrigerant from the evaporator sump 25 to the evaporator inlet 17, the illustrated embodiment of the recirculating refrigerant line 26 is formed with -a loop 'having a depending portion 27 extending downwardly from Fice the sump 25y and communicating with .an ascending portion 28 extending upwardly to the refrigerant inlet 17. The refrigerant froth is formed in the ascending portion 28 of the line 26 by passing refrigerant flash gas from the chamber 15 through a flash gas line 29 opening into the ascending portion 28 .at an elevation suliiciently below the head of residual liquid refrigerant that the substantially lower density froth Imixture is lifted to the inlet 17. The Hash gas line 29 preferably extends through the recirculating line 28 in sealed engagement therewith, and has a suitable mixing portion 30 herein opening upwardly in the line 28 to mix the gas with the liquid refrigerant to form the froth.
While a preferred embodiment of the invention has been described and illustrated, it should be understood that the invention is not limited thereto but may be otherwise embodied -within the scope of the following claims.
I claim:
1. A method of operating a refrigeration system including a first portion adapted to contain liquid refrigerant and a second portion .at a higher elevation adapted to receive the refrigerant comprising dispersing gas in a portion of said liquid refrigerant to form a mixture having a substantially lower density than the liquid refrigerant, and applying the head pressure of said liquid refrigerant in said first portion to said gas and liquid mixture to raise said portion of gas and liquid to said second portion.
2. A method of operating a refrigeration system including an evaporator having an inlet for liquid refrigerant in an upper portion, a sum-p for residual liquid refrigerant in a lower portion, yand conduit means having a portion descending from said sump and a portion ascending to said inlet in which the steps consist in providing flash gas at a pressure above the evaporator pressure during operation of the system, passing said flash gas into liquid refrigerant in the ascending portion of said conduit means below the level of said liquid refrigerant in said `conduit means to form a relatively low density mixture of refrigerant liquid and gas, and lifting said mixture to said inlet by the head pressure of liquid refrigerant in said descending portion.
3. In a refrigeration system, the combination of la first region adapted to contain liquid refrigerant, a second region at an elevation higher than the rst region ladapted to receive refrigerant from the first region, a line connecting the two regions having a descending portion and an .ascending portion adapted to contain liquid refrigerant, means for discharging gaseous refrigerant in the ascending portion of said line below the level of liquid refrigerant therein to form a froth of substantially lower density than the liquid refrigerant, said gaseous refrigerant being discharged into the line at a position such that the head of liquid refrigerant in said line raises the froth to the second region.
4. A refrigeration system comprising an evaporator and refrigerant inlet means in an upper portion of the evaporator for the passage of liquid refrigerant into the evaporator to vaporize and provide cooling, a sump for residual liquid refrigerant in a lower portion of the evaporator, means adapted to Withdraw the refrigerant vapor from said evaporator, means adapted to pass refrigerant to said evaporator including a ash gas charnber adapted to be at a pressure above the evaporator pressure yduring operation of the system, means adapted t-o -pass liquid refrigerant to said chamber, means adapted to pass liquid refrigerant from said chamber to said inlet means, a line having a first portion descending from said sump and a sec-ond portion ascending from the `descending portion to said inlet means for the passage of said residual liquid refrigerant to said refrigerant inlet means,
Iand means adapted to pass said residual liquid refrigerant through said line to said inlet means including means communicating with said chamber and opening into said ascending portion of said line below the level of said residual liquid refrigerant therein adapted to inject ash gas from said chamber into the liquid refrigerant to form a relatively low density mixture of refrigerant `liquid and gas, said flash gas being discharged into the line at a posi-tion such that the head lof residual liquid refrigerant lifts said mixture to said inlet means.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS Jones 62--115 lMcGrath et al. 62-512 X Anderson et al 62-117 Weller 62-525 X Chub'b et al. 62-498 0 LLOYD L. KING, Primary Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. A METHOD OF OPERATING A REFRIGERATION SYSTEM INCLUDING A FIRST PORTION ADAPTED TO CONTAIN LIQUID REFRIGERANT AND A SECOND PORTION AT A HIGHER ELEVATION ADAPTED TO RECEIVE THE REFRIGERANT COMPRISING DISPERSING GAS IN A PORTION OF SAID LIQUID REFRIGERANT TO FORM A MIXTURE HAVING A SUBSTANTIALLY LOWER DENSITY THAN THE LIQUID REFRIGERANT, AND APPLYING THE HEAD PRESSURE OF SAID LIQUID REFRIGERANT IN SAID FIRST PORTION TO SAID GAS AND LIQUID MIXTURE TO RAISE SAID PORTION OF GAS AND LIQUID TO SAID SECOND PORTION.
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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4196596A (en) * 1978-12-22 1980-04-08 The Trane Company Liquid trap for freeze-up protection on air cooled centrifugal chiller
US20090158762A1 (en) * 2007-12-20 2009-06-25 Trane International Inc. Refrigerant control of a heat-recovery chiller
US20120090339A1 (en) * 2009-06-29 2012-04-19 John Bean Technologies Ab Device and method for providing additional head to support a refrigeration liquid feed system
US20210156602A1 (en) * 2018-07-10 2021-05-27 Johnson Controls Technology Company Bypass line for refrigerant

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2277647A (en) * 1940-08-01 1942-03-24 Carrier Corp Refrigeration
US3141311A (en) * 1963-01-14 1964-07-21 Carrier Corp Refrigeration system and apparatus for operating at partial loads
US3210955A (en) * 1963-07-22 1965-10-12 Carrier Corp Refrigeration apparatus
US3240265A (en) * 1962-10-03 1966-03-15 American Radiator & Standard Refrigeration evaporator system of the flooded type
US3242689A (en) * 1964-03-13 1966-03-29 Worthington Corp Cooling system and apparatus

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2277647A (en) * 1940-08-01 1942-03-24 Carrier Corp Refrigeration
US3240265A (en) * 1962-10-03 1966-03-15 American Radiator & Standard Refrigeration evaporator system of the flooded type
US3141311A (en) * 1963-01-14 1964-07-21 Carrier Corp Refrigeration system and apparatus for operating at partial loads
US3210955A (en) * 1963-07-22 1965-10-12 Carrier Corp Refrigeration apparatus
US3242689A (en) * 1964-03-13 1966-03-29 Worthington Corp Cooling system and apparatus

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4196596A (en) * 1978-12-22 1980-04-08 The Trane Company Liquid trap for freeze-up protection on air cooled centrifugal chiller
US20090158762A1 (en) * 2007-12-20 2009-06-25 Trane International Inc. Refrigerant control of a heat-recovery chiller
US8011196B2 (en) 2007-12-20 2011-09-06 Trane International Inc. Refrigerant control of a heat-recovery chiller
US20120090339A1 (en) * 2009-06-29 2012-04-19 John Bean Technologies Ab Device and method for providing additional head to support a refrigeration liquid feed system
US20210156602A1 (en) * 2018-07-10 2021-05-27 Johnson Controls Technology Company Bypass line for refrigerant
US11592212B2 (en) * 2018-07-10 2023-02-28 Johnson Controls Tyco IP Holdings LLP Bypass line for refrigerant

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