US3297421A - Composition for flame cultivation - Google Patents

Composition for flame cultivation Download PDF

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Publication number
US3297421A
US3297421A US442804A US44280465A US3297421A US 3297421 A US3297421 A US 3297421A US 442804 A US442804 A US 442804A US 44280465 A US44280465 A US 44280465A US 3297421 A US3297421 A US 3297421A
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flame
composition
lpg
petroleum gas
compound
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US442804A
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Ryer Jack
Paul M Kerschner
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CITLES SERVICE OIL Co
Citgo Petroleum Corp
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CITLES SERVICE OIL Co
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Assigned to CITGO PETROLEUM CORPORATION, A CORP OF DE reassignment CITGO PETROLEUM CORPORATION, A CORP OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: CITIES SERVICE COMPANY
Assigned to CITIES SERVICE COMPANY A CORP. OF DE. reassignment CITIES SERVICE COMPANY A CORP. OF DE. MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). DELAWARE, EFFECTIVE DEC. 20, 1978 Assignors: CITIES SERVICE OIL COMPANY
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L3/00—Gaseous fuels; Natural gas; Synthetic natural gas obtained by processes not covered by subclass C10G, C10K; Liquefied petroleum gas
    • C10L3/003—Additives for gaseous fuels
    • C10L3/006—Additives for gaseous fuels detectable by the senses

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to liquid petroleum hydrocarbon fuel compositions, and more particularly to liquified petroleum gas compositions. In another aspect, the invention relates to improvements in the cultivation of crops by means of liquified petroleum gas flames.
  • Liquified petroleum gas more commonly known as LPG, burns with a non-luminous flame, which is particularly diflicu-lt to see in bright daylight.
  • the nonluminosity of the LPG flame causes certain difliculties in some applications of LPG.
  • One such application in which the non-luminosity of the LPG flame poses problems is flame cultivation of crops.
  • an LPG flame is used to ,destroy or impair weed or like undesirable vegetation in or adjacent to a plant row.
  • composition of matter comprising liquified petroleum gas which upon burning yields a flame having a visible color.
  • composition provided by the invention comprises LPG as the major ingredient and having dissolved therein a readily vaporizable chromophoric material in an amount sufficient to impart a visible color to a flame of LPG.
  • the LPG component of the compositions of the present invention is a liquified normally gaseous hydrocarbon having not more than four carbon atoms.
  • the LPG will be at least predominantly liquified propane.
  • a mixture of liquified propane and liquified butane in which the propane is present in the major amount, e.g. 80%, may be used.
  • Minor quantities of unsaturated hydrocarbons such as propylene and butylene may also be present.
  • the chromophoric materials useful in the practice of the present invention are compounds of elements which impart a visible color to the flame. Compounds boiling within range of --l C to +15 C. are particularly advantageous.
  • the compound of the chromophoric element may be arsenic fluoride, arsenous hydride, methylarsine, boron trifluoride, boron hydride (boro- "ice ethane), boron trimet-hyl tellurium (ii-hydride and hydrogen selenide.
  • the LPG is predominantly liquified propane, e.g. and the compound of the chromophoric element dissolved therein has a boiling point of from about 60 V. to about +5 C.
  • the amount of the compound of chromophoric element in the LPG should be sufficient to impart a visible color to the flame.
  • the actual quantity of the compound required for this purpose is, of course, dependent upon the particular chromophoric element contained therein, but generally is at least about 5 p.p.m. of element by weight of the LPG and preferably from about 10 p.p.m. to 10%, by weight, of the LPG.
  • the color imparted to the flame as a result of adding the compound of the chromophoric element to the LPG is not particularly important so long as it is readily visible. Hydrogen selenide and the arsenic-containing compounds noted above tend to impart a light blue color to the flame, while the telluriumand boron-containing compounds impart a green color.
  • a suitable amount of the readily vaporizable compound of the chromophoric element may be dissolved in the LPG and the resultant composition placed in a container under a suitable pressure (e.g. to 250 p.s.i.).
  • a suitable pressure e.g. to 250 p.s.i.
  • the composition is propelled from the container to a burner wherein it is burned to produce a visible colored flame.
  • the difference between the pressure in the container and atmospheric pressure causes LPG to readily vaporize as it is projected from the container to the burner.
  • the chromophoric compounds used in the practice of the present invention have boiling points which are relatively on the same order as LPG, they readily vaporize with the LPG and are projected with it to the burner.
  • important features of the invention are that the readily vaporizable, soluble, compounds of chromophoric elements do not cause fouling or clogging of the valves or orfices of the container, and are not left behind in the container upon release of the LPG therefrom.
  • compositions of the present invention are of particular use in flame methods for cultivating crops.
  • Flame cultivation methods and apparatus are well-known in the art and, therefore, need not be described herein in great detail.
  • a flame cultivation assembly comprising burners and a container of LPG communicating therewith, is carried behind a tractor traveling along and between the crop rows.
  • the burners are so positioned as to direct flames in a predetermined pattern toward the crop rows as well as toward the furrows, thereby eradicating neighboring weed growth from the crop rows.
  • the LPG composition of the present invention as the fuel, the flames issuing from the burners may' be readily seen by the operator.
  • the operator can easily detect the flame pattern and whether all the burners are in operation, thereby enabling him to make appropriate adjustments to insure the most effective eradication of the weeds with the least damage to the crop.
  • Example 1 Hydrogen selenide (B.P. -42 C.) is charged into a cylinder containing liquified petroleum gas under a pressure of about 200 p.s.i. to provide a composition containing about 50 parts of selenium per million parts of LPG by weight.
  • the LPG component of the composition com- 0 prises about propane and a total of about 5% butane, butylene and propylene, and has a boiling point of about -40 C.
  • the composition Upon being propelled from the cylinder, vaporized and ignited, the composition burn with a visible blue flame.
  • Example 2 Example 1 is repeated, except that tellurium hydride (B.P. C.) is used instead of hydrogen selenide. The resultant composition burns with a visible green flame.
  • tellurium hydride B.P. C.
  • Example 3 Example 1 is repeated, except that methylarsine (B.P. 2 C.) is used instead of hydrogen selenide. The resultant composition burns with a blue flame.
  • methylarsine B.P. 2 C.
  • Example 4 Example 1 is repeated, except that arsenic trifluoride (B.P. -53 C.) is charged to the cylinder instead of hydrogen selenide in an amount sufiicient to provide a composition containing about 5 parts of arsenic per million parts of LPG by weight. The resultant composition burns with a blue flame.
  • arsenic trifluoride B.P. -53 C.
  • Example 5 Example 1 is repeated, except that arsenous hydride (B.P. -55 C.) is charged to the cylinder instead of hydrogen selenide in an amount sufficient to provide a composition containing about 10,000 parts of arsenic per million parts of LPG by weight. The resultant composition burns with a blue flame.
  • arsenous hydride B.P. -55 C.
  • Example 6 Example 1 is repeated except that boron trifluoride (B.P. C.) is charged to' the cylinder instead of hydrogen selenide in an amount sufficient to provide a composition containing about 10,000 parts of boron per million parts of LPG by weight. The resultant composition burns with a green flame.
  • B.P. C. boron trifluoride
  • Example 7 Example 8 Example 1 is repeated, except that boron trimethyl (B.P. C.) is charged to the cylinder instead of hydrogen selenide in an amount suflicient to provide a composition containing about 100 parts of boron per million parts of LPG by weight. The resultant composition burns with a green flame.
  • B.P. C. boron trimethyl
  • a liquified petroleum gas composition consisting essentially of liquified petroleum gas having not more than four carbon atoms as the major ingredient and dissolved therein a readily vaporizable compound of a chromophoric element in an amount suflicient to impart a visible color to a flame of said liquified petroleum gas.
  • composition as in claim 1 wherein said readily vaporizable compound of a chromophoric element has a boiling point of from about 105 C. to about 15 C.
  • composition as in claim 1 wherein said readily vaporizable compound is arsenic fluoride.
  • composition as in claim 1 wherein said readily vaporizable compound is arsenous hydride.
  • composition as in claim 1 wherein said readily vaporizable compound is methylarsine.
  • composition as in claim 1 wherein said readily vaporizable compound is boron trifluoride.
  • composition as in claim 1 wherein said readily vapor izable compound is boron hydride.
  • composition as in claim 1 wherein said readily vaporizab-le compound is boron trimethyl.
  • composition as in claim 1 wherein said readily vaporizable chromophoric material is tellurium dihydride.
  • composition as in claim 1 wherein said readily vaporizable compound is hydrogen selenide.
  • composition as in claim 11 wherein said readily vaporlzable compound has a boiling point of from about C. to about 5 C.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)

Description

United States Patent 3,297,421 COMPOSITION FOR FLAME CULTIVATION Jack Ryer, East Brunswick, and Paul M. Kerschner, Trenton, N.J., assignors to Cities Service Oil Company, Bartlesville, Okla, a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Mar. 25, 1965, Ser. No. 442,804 13 Claims. (CI. 4452) The present invention relates to liquid petroleum hydrocarbon fuel compositions, and more particularly to liquified petroleum gas compositions. In another aspect, the invention relates to improvements in the cultivation of crops by means of liquified petroleum gas flames.
Liquified petroleum gas, more commonly known as LPG, burns with a non-luminous flame, which is particularly diflicu-lt to see in bright daylight. The nonluminosity of the LPG flame causes certain difliculties in some applications of LPG. ,One such application in which the non-luminosity of the LPG flame poses problems is flame cultivation of crops. In flame cultivation procedures, an LPG flame is used to ,destroy or impair weed or like undesirable vegetation in or adjacent to a plant row. In order to effectively burn the neighboring weeds without undue damage to the desired crop, it is desirable that the person carrying out the flame cultivation be able to see the total flame area or pattern. However, because of the non-luminosity of LPG flames in bright day-light, it is extremely diflicult to determine the flame front and whether all of the burners are in operation. Consequently, some of the desired crop may be damaged and/or some of the undesired neighboring growth may not be destroyed.
It is, therefore, one object of the present invention to provide a composition of matter comprising liquified petroleum gas which upon burning yields a flame having a visible color.
It is a further obect of the invention to provide a liquified petroleum gas composition which may be used with advantage in the flame cultivation of crops.
It is still a further object of the invention to provide a more eflicient flame cultivation process, whereby the cultivation flame can be easily seen by the operator and, consequently the application of the flame may be adjusted to enable the most eflective destruction of neighboring weeds and other undesirable vegetation, without undue damage to the crop.
Various other objects and advantages of the invention will appear from the following detailed description thereof, and the novel features thereof will be particularly pointed out in connection with the appended claims.
Briefly, the composition provided by the invention comprises LPG as the major ingredient and having dissolved therein a readily vaporizable chromophoric material in an amount sufficient to impart a visible color to a flame of LPG.
The LPG component of the compositions of the present invention is a liquified normally gaseous hydrocarbon having not more than four carbon atoms. Preferably, the LPG will be at least predominantly liquified propane. Thus, a mixture of liquified propane and liquified butane in which the propane is present in the major amount, e.g. 80%, may be used. Minor quantities of unsaturated hydrocarbons such as propylene and butylene may also be present.
The chromophoric materials useful in the practice of the present invention are compounds of elements which impart a visible color to the flame. Compounds boiling within range of --l C to +15 C. are particularly advantageous. For instance, the compound of the chromophoric element may be arsenic fluoride, arsenous hydride, methylarsine, boron trifluoride, boron hydride (boro- "ice ethane), boron trimet-hyl tellurium (ii-hydride and hydrogen selenide. According to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the LPG is predominantly liquified propane, e.g. and the compound of the chromophoric element dissolved therein has a boiling point of from about 60 V. to about +5 C.
As previously noted, the amount of the compound of chromophoric element in the LPG should be sufficient to impart a visible color to the flame. The actual quantity of the compound required for this purpose is, of course, dependent upon the particular chromophoric element contained therein, but generally is at least about 5 p.p.m. of element by weight of the LPG and preferably from about 10 p.p.m. to 10%, by weight, of the LPG. The color imparted to the flame as a result of adding the compound of the chromophoric element to the LPG is not particularly important so long as it is readily visible. Hydrogen selenide and the arsenic-containing compounds noted above tend to impart a light blue color to the flame, while the telluriumand boron-containing compounds impart a green color.
A suitable amount of the readily vaporizable compound of the chromophoric element may be dissolved in the LPG and the resultant composition placed in a container under a suitable pressure (e.g. to 250 p.s.i.). In use, the composition is propelled from the container to a burner wherein it is burned to produce a visible colored flame. The difference between the pressure in the container and atmospheric pressure causes LPG to readily vaporize as it is projected from the container to the burner. Because the chromophoric compounds used in the practice of the present invention have boiling points which are relatively on the same order as LPG, they readily vaporize with the LPG and are projected with it to the burner. Thus, important features of the invention are that the readily vaporizable, soluble, compounds of chromophoric elements do not cause fouling or clogging of the valves or orfices of the container, and are not left behind in the container upon release of the LPG therefrom.
As mentioned hereinbefore, the compositions of the present invention are of particular use in flame methods for cultivating crops. Flame cultivation methods and apparatus are well-known in the art and, therefore, need not be described herein in great detail. Generally, in carrying out process of this type, a flame cultivation assembly comprising burners and a container of LPG communicating therewith, is carried behind a tractor traveling along and between the crop rows. The burners are so positioned as to direct flames in a predetermined pattern toward the crop rows as well as toward the furrows, thereby eradicating neighboring weed growth from the crop rows. By using the LPG composition of the present invention as the fuel, the flames issuing from the burners may' be readily seen by the operator. Thus, the operator can easily detect the flame pattern and whether all the burners are in operation, thereby enabling him to make appropriate adjustments to insure the most effective eradication of the weeds with the least damage to the crop.
The invention will now be further described with reference to the following illustrative and non-limitative examples:
Example 1 Hydrogen selenide (B.P. -42 C.) is charged into a cylinder containing liquified petroleum gas under a pressure of about 200 p.s.i. to provide a composition containing about 50 parts of selenium per million parts of LPG by weight. The LPG component of the composition com- 0 prises about propane and a total of about 5% butane, butylene and propylene, and has a boiling point of about -40 C. Upon being propelled from the cylinder, vaporized and ignited, the composition burn with a visible blue flame.
Example 2 Example 1 is repeated, except that tellurium hydride (B.P. C.) is used instead of hydrogen selenide. The resultant composition burns with a visible green flame.
Example 3 Example 1 is repeated, except that methylarsine (B.P. 2 C.) is used instead of hydrogen selenide. The resultant composition burns with a blue flame.
Example 4 Example 1 is repeated, except that arsenic trifluoride (B.P. -53 C.) is charged to the cylinder instead of hydrogen selenide in an amount sufiicient to provide a composition containing about 5 parts of arsenic per million parts of LPG by weight. The resultant composition burns with a blue flame.
Example 5 Example 1 is repeated, except that arsenous hydride (B.P. -55 C.) is charged to the cylinder instead of hydrogen selenide in an amount sufficient to provide a composition containing about 10,000 parts of arsenic per million parts of LPG by weight. The resultant composition burns with a blue flame.
Example 6 Example 1 is repeated except that boron trifluoride (B.P. C.) is charged to' the cylinder instead of hydrogen selenide in an amount sufficient to provide a composition containing about 10,000 parts of boron per million parts of LPG by weight. The resultant composition burns with a green flame.
Example 7 Example 8 Example 1 is repeated, except that boron trimethyl (B.P. C.) is charged to the cylinder instead of hydrogen selenide in an amount suflicient to provide a composition containing about 100 parts of boron per million parts of LPG by weight. The resultant composition burns with a green flame.
It will be understood that various changes in the details herein described and illustrated in order to explain the nature of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art within the principle and scope of the invention, as expressed in the appended claims.
Therefore, we claim:
1. a liquified petroleum gas composition consisting essentially of liquified petroleum gas having not more than four carbon atoms as the major ingredient and dissolved therein a readily vaporizable compound of a chromophoric element in an amount suflicient to impart a visible color to a flame of said liquified petroleum gas.
2. Composition as in claim 1 wherein said readily vaporizable compound of a chromophoric element has a boiling point of from about 105 C. to about 15 C.
3. Composition as in claim 1 wherein said readily vaporizable compound is arsenic fluoride.
4. Composition as in claim 1 wherein said readily vaporizable compound is arsenous hydride. I
5. Composition as in claim 1 wherein said readily vaporizable compound is methylarsine.
6. Composition as in claim 1 wherein said readily vaporizable compound is boron trifluoride.
7. Composition as in claim 1 wherein said readily vapor izable compound is boron hydride.
8. Composition as in claim 1 wherein said readily vaporizab-le compound is boron trimethyl.
9. Composition as in claim 1 wherein said readily vaporizable chromophoric material is tellurium dihydride.
10. Composition as in claim 1 wherein said readily vaporizable compound is hydrogen selenide.
11. Composition as in claim 1 wherein said liquified petroleum gas is at least predominantly liquified propane.
12. Composition as in claim 2 wherein said readily vaporizable compound of a chromophoric element is' dissolved in said liquified petroleum gas in an amount of at least about 5 parts of element per million parts of liquified petroleum gas, by Weight.
13. Composition as in claim 11 wherein said readily vaporlzable compound has a boiling point of from about C. to about 5 C.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 984,029 2/1911 Scheuble 67-22 1,628,066 5/1927 Rose.
3,215,186 11/1965 Levitt l5863 ABRAHAM G. STONE, Primary Examiner.
R. E. BAGVVILL, Assistant Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. A LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS COMPOSITION CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS HAVING NOT MORE THAN FOUR CARBON ATOMS AS THE MAJOR INGREDIENT AND DISSOLVED THEREIN A READILY VAPORIZABLE COMPOUND OF A CHROMOPHORIC ELEMENT IN AN AMOUNT SUFFICIENT TO IMPART A VISIBLE COLOR TO A FLAME OF SAID LIQUIFIED PETROLEUM GAS.
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS493903A (en) * 1972-04-24 1974-01-14
EP0052156A1 (en) * 1980-11-15 1982-05-26 Toray Industries, Inc. Method of modifying a synthetic or natural polyamide product

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US984029A (en) * 1908-03-21 1911-02-14 Rudolf Scheuble Candle emitting a colored light.
US1628066A (en) * 1918-08-03 1927-05-10 Carbo Hydrogen Company Of Amer Gas for cutting and welding purposes
US3215186A (en) * 1964-04-07 1965-11-02 Cities Service Oil Co Flame coloration apparatus

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US984029A (en) * 1908-03-21 1911-02-14 Rudolf Scheuble Candle emitting a colored light.
US1628066A (en) * 1918-08-03 1927-05-10 Carbo Hydrogen Company Of Amer Gas for cutting and welding purposes
US3215186A (en) * 1964-04-07 1965-11-02 Cities Service Oil Co Flame coloration apparatus

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS493903A (en) * 1972-04-24 1974-01-14
JPS512322B2 (en) * 1972-04-24 1976-01-24
EP0052156A1 (en) * 1980-11-15 1982-05-26 Toray Industries, Inc. Method of modifying a synthetic or natural polyamide product

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Owner name: CITGO PETROLEUM CORPORATION, A CORP OF DE

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Effective date: 19830830

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