Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
  • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
  • G03C1/30—Hardeners
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
  • G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
  • G03C1/34—Fog-inhibitors; Stabilisers; Agents inhibiting latent image regression

Definitions

• Mucochloric acid has found wide acceptance in the photographic art as a hardener for photographic emulsions because it is less toxic and less volatile than other hardeners such as formaldehyde and also has less propensity to cause fog in photographic emulsions.
• the use of urazole with a mucochloric acid hardener tends to eliminate substantially all of the advantages produced by either compound utilized alone in a photographic emulsion.
• One object of my invention is to provide photographic emulsions containing both a urazole type antifoggant and an aldehyde type hardener in which neither detracts from the effectiveness of the other.
• Another object of my invention is to provide gelatin-silver halide photographic emulsions containing a stabilizer of the urazole type and as the hardener therein a mixture of mucochloric acid and formaldehyde in proportions in which the advantages of each are utilized.
• Other objects of my invention will appear herein.
• compounds which'may be used as antifoggants in accordance with my invention are cyclic hydrazides have the following formula wherein Z represents the atoms required to complete a heterocyclic ring, such as and R and R each are selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, amyl, octyl, decyl and dodecyl, substituted alkyl, such as carboxyethyl, sulfopropyl or sulfobutyl, aryl, such as phenyl or naphthyl, and substituted aryl, such as benzyl; and monoacyl and dlacyl derivatives of compounds having the above general formula, such as the monoand di-acetyl, propionyl, butyryl, valeryl, caprylyl, capryl and lauryl derivatives of such compounds.
• Typical specific useful compounds having the above general formula include urazole, 4-phenyl urazole, l phenyl urazole, 4-et hyl urazole, maleic acid hydrazide and phthalic acid hydrazide.
• the structural formula of the monoacyl and diacyl derivatives of compounds having the above general formula is not known; specific useful examples of such compounds are diacetyl derivatives of urazole and 4- phenyl urazole. A method for preparing the latter compounds is described in Chemical Abstracts, volume 50, page 12033.
• the hardening'agent employed is a mixture of mucochloric acid and formaldehyde, the formaldehyde being at least 5% and no morethan 40% of the hardener which is used. Using less than 5% formaldehyde the urazole interferes with the hardening action of mucochloric acid while if the hardener is composed of more than 40% formaldehyde the objectionable features of formaldehyde in considerable proportions become evident to a pronounced degree.
• the hardener is used in the emulsion in an amount within the range of 0.15%, based on the weight of the gelatin in the emulsion as a rule, although any hardening amount of the mixture of mucochloric acid and formaldehyde will have a hardening effect on the gelatin.
• Urazole and antifoggants of the urazole type exert an antifogging effect in a photographic emulsion in most any concentration.
• the urazole compound will be used in my invention in an amount within the range of 0.55% based on the weight of the gelatin in the silver halide emulsion.
• Example 1 To a negative speed silver bromoiodide emulsion of which approximately 3.6 molar percent of the silver halide was silver iodide was added mucochloric acid at the rate of 1.0 part per 168 parts of gelatin. The emulsion was divided into samples and these samples were further treated as described below and then were coated on polyethylene terephthala-te film support at a coverage of 760 mg. of silver and 835 mg. of gelatin per square foot. The percentage swell of the dry coatings when placed in distilled water was obtained for each with the following results.
• Example 2 A coarse grain silver bromoiodide photographic emulsion of the X-ray type was coated on film support after the addition of 0.2855 part of mucochloric acid per'l39 parts of gelatin in the emulsion.
• Various emulsion samples were taken and various addenda were added in accordance with the following table.
• the various samples of emulsion were coated onto film support at a coverage of 454 mg. of silver and 584 mg. of gelatin per square foot.
• the samples were processed and the percentage of swell obtained in the developer was observed. The results obtained were as follows.
• Example 3 An emulsion as referred to in Example 2 was coated onto film support after adding mucochloric acid as referred to in that example. Various emulsion samples were taken, addenda were added in accordance with the following table, and the samples were coated onto cellulose acetate film support at a coverage of 454 mg. of silver and 584 mg. of gelatin per square foot. The thickness of the coatings before and after soaking in water at room temperature was determined in each case and the percent vertical swell in water are given in the following table.
• Percent vertical Feature swell in water H. Control (contains mucochloric acid) 464 mole+0.2 g. formaldehyde/Ag mole 316
• Example 4 Samples were prepared and coated onto cellulose acetate film support as described in the preceding example. The samples obtained were processed and the percent .of swell in the developer was observed. The addends and the results obtained in the case of each with and without formaldehyde were as follows:
• Control (contains mucochloric acid) 254 P. Control+2.19 g. 1-acetyl-4-phenyl 'urazole/Ag mole 252 Q. Control+2.19 g. 1-acetyl-4-phenyl urazole/Ag mole+0.2 g. formaldehyde/Ag mole 206 R. Control (contains mucochloric acid) 276 S. Control+1.54 g. maleic hydrazide monoacetate/ Ag mole 294 T. Control+l.54 g. maleic hydrazide monoacetate/ Ag mole +0.2 g. formaldehyde/Ag mole 259 U.
• a light sensitive gelatin-silver halide emulson containing as a hardener therein a mixture of mucochloric acid and formaldehyde, the latter constituting 5-40% of the mixture and as an antifoggant therein a compound selected from the group consisting of compounds having the following general formula:
• Z represents the atoms required to complete a heterocyclic ring and R is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and aryl; and the monoacyl and diacyl derivatives of compounds having the above formula.
• R is selected from the group consisting of H, alkyl and aryl; and the monoacyl and diacyl derivatives of compounds having the above formula.

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Heterocyclic Carbon Compounds Containing A Hetero Ring Having Nitrogen And Oxygen As The Only Ring Hetero Atoms (AREA)
• Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
• Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
• Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Priority Applications (4)

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Publications (1)

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Cited By (2)

• 1965
  • 1965-01-12 US US425064A patent/US3295981A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1965-12-21 GB GB34262/68A patent/GB1134874A/en not_active Expired
• 1966
  • 1966-01-10 FR FR45304A patent/FR1463333A/fr not_active Expired
  • 1966-01-11 DE DE19661547662 patent/DE1547662A1/de active Pending

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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