US3293899A - Methods of extrusion and wiredrawing of metallic products and devices for the practical application of said improved methods - Google Patents

Methods of extrusion and wiredrawing of metallic products and devices for the practical application of said improved methods Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3293899A
US3293899A US317021A US31702163A US3293899A US 3293899 A US3293899 A US 3293899A US 317021 A US317021 A US 317021A US 31702163 A US31702163 A US 31702163A US 3293899 A US3293899 A US 3293899A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
wire
extrusion
die
wiredrawing
speed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US317021A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Terras Yves
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Comptoir Lyon-Alemand Louyot and Cie
Original Assignee
Comptoir Lyon-Alemand Louyot and Cie
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Comptoir Lyon-Alemand Louyot and Cie filed Critical Comptoir Lyon-Alemand Louyot and Cie
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3293899A publication Critical patent/US3293899A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F9/00—Straining wire
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C1/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, metal wire, metal rods, metal tubes by drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C35/00—Removing work or waste from extruding presses; Drawing-off extruded work; Cleaning dies, ducts, containers, or mandrels
    • B21C35/02—Removing or drawing-off work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C35/00—Removing work or waste from extruding presses; Drawing-off extruded work; Cleaning dies, ducts, containers, or mandrels
    • B21C35/02—Removing or drawing-off work
    • B21C35/03—Straightening the work
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
    • B21C37/047—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire of fine wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21F—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF METAL WIRE
    • B21F9/00—Straining wire
    • B21F9/007—Straining wire to induce a plastic deformation of the wire

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to methods of extrusion and wiredrawing of metallic products, especially of precious metals and alloys and to devices for the practical application of said improved methods.
  • the invention is more especially concerned with improvements in the conventional methods of extrusion wherein a cylinder of metal or metal alloy technically known as a slug is in the majority of cases previously heated then forced through an opening known as a die under the action of pressure, usually hydraulic pressure exerted by an assembly which is referred to as an extruding press.
  • the cross-sectional area of said opening is necessarily limited to a value such that the available pressure is higher than the pressure which is necessary for the purpose of processing the metal or metal alloy through the die; and the ratio of the cross-sectional area of the slug to the cross-sectional area of the die, referred to as the extrusion ratio, is limited by the nature of the metal or metal alloy to be extruded.
  • the invention is also concerned with improvements in conventional methods of wiredrawing wherein a wire of metal or metal alloy is drawn through a series of dies which successively diminish in diameter, with the result that the cross-section of said wire is gradually reduced to that of the last hole through which it is drawn, means for heating said wire being provided if necessary either prior to insertion through the first die or between each die.
  • the primary object of the present invention is to make the above-mentioned conventional methods such that they meet the various practical requirements more effectively than has hitherto been possible, this object being achieved by artificially increasing the extrusion or drawing ratio and in particular by offering the following principal advantages:
  • the invention mainly consists in subjecting a metallic wire, especially as said wire passes out of the die, to a controlled elongation produced by suitable means in such a manner that the final diameter of the wire is smaller than the initial diameter thereof, heating means being additionally provided during the operation as well as means which may be required for the purposeof cooling either by liquids or gases especially with the aid of cooling baths or blowing in order to interrupt said elongation at will.
  • the invention consists of certain other features of the process which are preferably employed at the same time, namely:
  • the controlled elongation is achieved by applying a tractive force on the metallic wire between the die and a winding drum, said tractive force being exerted downwards by the weight of the wire which may further be increased by the weight of a loaded pulley or upwards by a set of two pulleys and a balance weight;
  • the said controlled elongation is achieved as a result of differences in speed between the outlet of the die or a capstan and a winding drum, a caterpillar drawing machine or capstan, means being additionally provided for measuring these different speeds and the different diameters of the wire;
  • the said controlled elongation is achieved as a result of differences in speed between successive capstans to which are imparted increasingspeeds of rotation and a final winding drum, heating means being additionally provided between said capstans.
  • the invention also consists of a device for the practical application of the method, said device comprising a conventional extruding press equipped with a ram designed for operation at a speed which can be maintained constant, a suitably lubricated die and a winch equipped with a motor and speed-changing mechanism, a clutch with or without adjustable slip, a mechanical brake and retractable winding drum, characterized in that means are provided for measuring at each moment the diameter of the wire which is obtained as well as the speed of the ram and of the winding drum, additional means being provided .for maintaining the speed of the winding drum at a higher value than the speed of delivery from the die, provision being made for controlling the difference between said speeds in dependence on the momentary diameter of said Wire, either one ora number of intermediate capstans being additionally provided between the delivery side of said die and said winding drum.
  • the invention finally consists in a certain number of additional arrangements'which are preferably employed at the same time as the device referred to above, namely:
  • the means for measuring the speeds of the ram and of the winding drum are tacho-generators with receivers;
  • the means for measuring the speeds of the ram and of the winding dr-um are electronic tachometers
  • the means for measuring the diameter of the wire is an electronic micrometer which is placed over said wire at the input of the winding drum.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are diagrammatic views taken in elevation and in plan of an arrangement which permits the weight of the wire to carry out the controlled elongation process;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram of an arrangement in which provision is made for a balance weight
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are diagrams of two arrangements with intermediate capstan
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram of an arrangement without intermediate capstan wherein provision is made for stopping the elongation process by means of a gas blast;
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram of an arrangement wherein use is made of liquid baths, caterpillar-type drawing machine and rotary barrel;
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram of a wiredrawing arrangement.
  • An extruding press 1 is fitted with a die 2 through which is forced a wire 3, said wire being then wound on a winding drum 4 to which is imparted a movement of rotation.
  • the winding drum 4 has not been set opposite the die 2 but has been displaced through an angle a relative to the direction of said die.
  • the axis of said winding drum is located at the distance D from the die.
  • Tests have been carried out in which sluggs of metal alloy 120 millimeters in diameter and 420 millimeters in length were employed as starting material and forced through a die having a hole diameter of 3 mm.
  • the winding device consisted of a reel driven at variable speed from a reduction-gear motor equipped with a clutch with variable slip adjustable during operation.
  • the distance D was 10 meters and the angle at was approximately
  • the diameter of the wire thus obtained was not 3 millimeters but 2.7 millimeters and the wire had been subjected to an elongation of the order of 23% as a result of the action of gravity.
  • the first of the aforesaid devices can simply consist of a pulley which is rotatably mounted on a pin and suspended from the wire during the extrusion process after the fashion of a cable car.
  • a suitable weight can be suspended from said pulley.
  • the second of the aforesaid devices as shown in FIG. 3 can consist of a pulley 5 which draws the wire 3 upwards by means of a balance weight 6 through the intermediary of a second pulley 7.
  • the extruding press 1, the die 2 and the winding drum 4 remain similar to those employed in the preceding cases.
  • This second device which is derived from the first, provides a more practical system of operation.
  • a constant pull can also be obtained by means of a capstan, as shown in FIG. 4.
  • the wire 3 passes out of the extruding press 1 through the die 2, is then wound three or four times around the capstan 8 to which is appliedby means of an electric device (for example by means of eddy currents) ormechanical device such as a friction drive or by means of an electromechanical or hydraulic device-a constant torque 9 which transmits a constant pull on the wire 3.
  • the said wire is wound on a winding drum 4 of ordinary type as soon as it has passed off the capstan 8.
  • FIG. 5 shows an alternative form of the arrangement hereinbefore described but the operation of which is more intricate.
  • the capstan 10 accordingly applies a load torque when set in rotation by the winding drum 4, said load torque producing a constant pull in the direction opposite to that of the system of assembly which has been previously described.
  • the diameter d being of course already known, it is merely necessary to determine V by means of the speed of displacement of the ram as measured by a tachometer, to measure V by means of a tacho-generator which is associated with the winding drum 4 and to keep constant watch and control over the diameter d of the wire which is obtained with the aid of an electronic micrometer which is placed over the wire at the input of the winding drum 4.
  • the extruding press 1 In order to ensure effective operation of this method, the extruding press 1 must, however, satisfy certain requirements.
  • the press which was employed in the process referred to above was a hydraulic press and comprised two separate circuits (slow-fast) which provided speeds ranging from 500 meters in less than one second to 500 meters in more than ten minutes.
  • the operation of the rolling gate was extremely smooth and easy to control with a really instantaneous response time.
  • the winch section that is to say the combined assembly of installations which follow the die, consisted of the following essential components:
  • a retractable winding drum 600 millimeters in diameter to which is imparted a speed which can be varied from to 600 meters per minute.
  • the procedure involved in the operation which is represented diagrammatically in FIG. 6 can be as follows: after passing out of the press 2, the wire 3 is immediately engaged over the winding drum 4. The operator who is stationed at the control desk progressively accelerates up to the appropriate speed while interpreting the indications of the ram tachometer. At the same time, the operator who is stationed at the winch section progressively lets in the clutch. In less than six to eight seconds, the electronic micrometer which is placed over the wire is set into operation with the result that the diameter of said wire will thereafter be maintained constant.
  • the said electronic micrometer is in fact the only instrument of the installation which indicates in a continuous manner any possible variation in the cross-sectional area of the die during the extrusion process, that is to say either an increase in cross-section as a result of wear or a reduction in cross-section due to creep of the steel.
  • any of the above-mentioned variations which are liable to occur are corrected either :by actuating the rolling gate or by modifying the winding speed.
  • the speed of the winding drum 4 is practically constant while the speed of the ram is maintained constant by actuating the control lever of the rolling gate.
  • the thickness of the coiled wire can be accurate to within 10.05 mm. in respect of a diameter of 1.40 mm., for example.
  • Example 1 Extrusion of an alloy containing 150 parts per thousand of silver, 50 parts per thousand of phosphorus and 800 parts per thousand of copper, said alloy being employed in particular as hard solder for brazing copper:
  • Example 2 Extrusi-on of an alloy containing 480 parts per thousand of silver, 150 parts per thousand of copper, 270 parts per thousand of zinc and 100 parts per thousand of cadmium, said alloy being employed as a high-strength compound for brazing steel parts:
  • Diameter of die-hole mm 3.50 Speed of winding dru-m meters/min 415 Diameter obtained 1.40/ 1.50
  • Diameter of die-hole mm 4.50 Speed of winding drum meters/min 370 Diameter obtained 1.8/ 1.9
  • the extrusion process in 'accordance with the method of the invention can be carried out through die-plates having a number of holes.
  • the said process can also be put to use in the case of bars or structural shapes, the winding drum being in that case replaced by a conventional drawing bench which is not equipped with any die-plate but which is fitted with a tachometer or caterpillar drawing machine.
  • the wire 3 which passes out of the extruding press 1 through the die 2 is stretched by -a caterpillar drawing machine 11 at the output end of which the wire can be either deposited inside a barrel 12 to which is imparted a movement of rotation or alternatively cut into straight rods by means of conventional flying shears, not shown in the drawings.
  • the controlled elongation of the wire 3 can be stopped at any desired point by causing said wire to pass through an acid bath 13 which can be followed by a rinsing-water bath 14.
  • the presence of a liquid necessarily means that the elongation of the wire 3 is stopped almost instantaneously, and it will naturally be understood that this means can be employed in any one of the preceding arrangements.
  • the method in accordance with the invention produces particularly advantageous results in the case of materials which are subjected to a wiredrawing process Without dies and which would otherwise not be drawab-le or would in any case require a large number of successive dies. As can be seen in FIG.
  • one wiredrawing arrangement consists of a series of capstans 15, 16, 17, for example, which are provided in suitable number and to which are imparted increasing speeds of rotation respectively V V V
  • provision can be made for heat sources such as the sources 18 and 19 and the wire 3 which passes out of the last capstan, for example the capstan 17, can either be wound on a horizontal reel 20 or a vertical reel 21 to which is imparted a speed V or V either equal to or higher than the speed V or alternatively fall into a rotary barrel, or else be drawn by a caterpillar drawing machine and cut into straight rods of desired length (devices not shown in the drawings).
  • the method in accordance with the present invention and the various modes of practical operation thereof provide the possibility of obtaining at will a wire which is reduced to the requisite diameter and at very high winding or cutting speeds. If it is recalled that, in the case of certain materials, there exists a critical extrusion speed which is independent of the extrusion ratio, the .present invention which permits of reasonable extrusion speeds using dies of substantial cross-section while maintaining high winding speeds is accordingly all the more advantageous inasmuch as it permits a considerably higher hourly tonnage of a product which has a much smaller diameter and which by any other method of the prior art would be more costly to produce.
  • a method of extruding and wiredrawing a metallic product for controlled elongation thereof to produce a corresponding controlled reduction in the diameter thereof comprising the steps of extruding said product, applying a tractive force to said product at a point spaced from the point of extrusion, applying heat to said products between said points, and selectively applying cold thereto to interrupt said elongation.
  • a method of extrusion and wiredrawing in accordance with claim 4 wherein successive forces of withdrawal are applied at spaced points along the length of the product being drawn and at successively increasing rates of speed and wherein heat is applied between each application of said withdrawal forces.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metal Extraction Processes (AREA)
US317021A 1962-10-26 1963-10-17 Methods of extrusion and wiredrawing of metallic products and devices for the practical application of said improved methods Expired - Lifetime US3293899A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR913640A FR1347731A (fr) 1962-10-26 1962-10-26 Perfectionnements aux procédés de filage et de tréfilage de produits métalliques, et dispositifs pour la mise en oeuvre des procédés perfectionnés

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3293899A true US3293899A (en) 1966-12-27

Family

ID=8789630

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US317021A Expired - Lifetime US3293899A (en) 1962-10-26 1963-10-17 Methods of extrusion and wiredrawing of metallic products and devices for the practical application of said improved methods

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US3293899A (fr)
CH (1) CH424691A (fr)
DE (1) DE1452237A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1347731A (fr)
GB (1) GB1040766A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4386513A (en) * 1980-02-12 1983-06-07 Secim Method of production of metal wires
US20140091268A1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-03 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Constant Pull Winch Controls

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3856074A (en) * 1973-04-06 1974-12-24 Allied Chem Method of centrifugal production of continuous metal filaments

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US551306A (en) * 1895-12-10 conyeese
US2569264A (en) * 1948-06-08 1951-09-25 United Eng Foundry Co Strip tensioning apparatus
US2893552A (en) * 1955-10-27 1959-07-07 Oilgear Co Tensioning apparatus for extrusion presses
US2914170A (en) * 1954-04-05 1959-11-24 Francis J Kent Extrusion handling device

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US551306A (en) * 1895-12-10 conyeese
US2569264A (en) * 1948-06-08 1951-09-25 United Eng Foundry Co Strip tensioning apparatus
US2914170A (en) * 1954-04-05 1959-11-24 Francis J Kent Extrusion handling device
US2893552A (en) * 1955-10-27 1959-07-07 Oilgear Co Tensioning apparatus for extrusion presses

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4386513A (en) * 1980-02-12 1983-06-07 Secim Method of production of metal wires
US20140091268A1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2014-04-03 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Constant Pull Winch Controls
US9908756B2 (en) * 2012-09-28 2018-03-06 Parker-Hannifin Corporation Constant pull winch controls

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1452237A1 (de) 1969-04-30
GB1040766A (en) 1966-09-01
CH424691A (fr) 1966-11-30
FR1347731A (fr) 1964-01-04

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3812702A (en) Multi-pass method and apparatus for cold-drawing of metallic tubes
US2720310A (en) Extrusion of metal
US4345451A (en) Wire drawing method and apparatus
US2250610A (en) Wire and wire making
DE102007034093A1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Drahtes aus Kupfer oder aus einer Kupferlegierung
US3075484A (en) Method of and apparatus for continuously producing small section welded steel tubes
US3293899A (en) Methods of extrusion and wiredrawing of metallic products and devices for the practical application of said improved methods
US4232727A (en) Method and apparatus for the continuous production of strip
JPH0460726B2 (fr)
US3911713A (en) Method of rolling metal sheet articles
GB1561065A (en) Drawing straightening and cutting machine
US3017016A (en) Wire drawing apparatus
RU2100136C1 (ru) Установка для непрерывного литья и прессования металла
US3088195A (en) Cladding with powdered metal to form bimetallic products
US3552170A (en) Method of treating hollow blooms in rolling mills
DE2624755A1 (de) Verfahren und vorrichtung zum kontinuierlichen messen des gluehniveaus von draht- oder bandmaterial
US4386513A (en) Method of production of metal wires
DE3009779A1 (de) Verfahren zur antriebsregelung fuer geradeausziehmaschinen
US2051948A (en) Method and apparatus for reducing tubing
Dasoju et al. Fabrication of wire drawing machine
US3157274A (en) Method of controlling residual stresses in materials during working
US345816A (en) Method of drawing metal rods
US1945877A (en) Metal working and article produced thereby
US1655373A (en) Method of rolling thin strips of metal
US2023776A (en) Production of seamless tubes and other elongate articles