US3290906A - Miniature lamp - Google Patents

Miniature lamp Download PDF

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Publication number
US3290906A
US3290906A US380208A US38020864A US3290906A US 3290906 A US3290906 A US 3290906A US 380208 A US380208 A US 380208A US 38020864 A US38020864 A US 38020864A US 3290906 A US3290906 A US 3290906A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
lamp
tubulation
pinch
glass
press
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US380208A
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English (en)
Inventor
Schilling Werner
Widenmann Hans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Osram GmbH
Original Assignee
Patent Treuhand Gesellschaft fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen mbH
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K3/00—Apparatus or processes adapted to the manufacture, installing, removal, or maintenance of incandescent lamps or parts thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21—LIGHTING
    • F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F21K5/00—Light sources using charges of combustible material, e.g. illuminating flash devices
    • F21K5/02—Light sources using charges of combustible material, e.g. illuminating flash devices ignited in a non-disrupting container, e.g. photo-flash bulb
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J5/00—Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J5/32—Seals for leading-in conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/24—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases
    • H01J9/32—Sealing leading-in conductors
    • H01J9/323—Sealing leading-in conductors into a discharge lamp or a gas-filled discharge device
    • H01J9/326—Sealing leading-in conductors into a discharge lamp or a gas-filled discharge device making pinched-stem or analogous seals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
    • H01J9/40—Closing vessels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/42—Means forming part of the lamp for the purpose of providing electrical connection, or support for, the lamp
    • H01K1/44—Means forming part of the lamp for the purpose of providing electrical connection, or support for, the lamp directly applied to, or forming part of, the vessel

Definitions

  • a usual comparative photoflash lamp consists of a piece of glass tubing at one end of which is provided a flattened pinch constituting the lamp base and at the other end of the formed lamp is located a tip-seal.
  • the in-leads are sealed where passing through the flattened pinch. Since the exhaust tip-seal of the well-known lamp is located at the end of the lamp opposite from the flattened pinch, it poses difficulties and restrictions. For instance, a lamp thus made, ⁇ has a useless extra length resultant from the presence of this exhaust tip which projects at the lamp end, but which docs not increase the effective bulb volume by the increase of over-all length.
  • the invention proposes a lamp constructed in its entirety so as to require a pinch only of minimum width and thickness without imposing undue restrictions in shaping the pinch to also constitute a glass base and at the same time making it possible to choose the bulb shape and size without having to contend with an exhaust tip or with a bulky glass tabulation.
  • Prior art has proposed a miniature lamp provided with a flattened pinch in which is located an exhaust tubulation of glass. From a practical standpoint, there is a minimum of diameter for the passageway of the exhaust tubulation, and also a minimum wall thickness of the tubulation necessary for strength, not only for resisting breakage in handling, but to resist heat and compression during installation. Due to the necessary comparatively large outer diameter of glass tubulation for miniature lamps, shaping of the pinch is restricted; for instance, to use an acceptable size of glass tubulation in a miniature lamp it is impossible to make the pinch thin enough to function as a base with required depth of grooves transverse to the lamp axis at the ilat faces of the pinch, such grooves being desirable for magazine loading and use.
  • a miniature photoilash lamp is provided utilizing minimum thickness of flattened pinch, characterized by utilization of a thinwalled metallic tubulation, preferably copper, which will maintain full-diameter passageway therethrough during formation of the pinch and transverse grooves in the pinch passing close to the tubulation.
  • soft glass lamp stock heretofore used only with glass tubulations, may be sealed or pinched with gas-tight effectiveness on thin copper tubulations.
  • Glasses of this character which we have proved acceptable are those identified ice in the trade as lead glasses and lime-magnesia glasses.
  • the outer diameter of the copper tubulation must be as small as or smaller than 1.5 mm. and the wall thickness of the copper tubulation must not exceed 0.2 mm. Copper tubulations having an outer diameter of 0.8 mm. and a wall thickness of 0.1 mm. have functioned perfectly and are preferred.
  • semi-hard copper tubing has to be used, as the seal may not be satisfactorily effective when either hard or soft copper tubing is used.
  • semi-hard copper is meant copper that has been formed or processed, as by cold-rolling or cold-drawing, to one and a half times the tensile strength of soft copper made by annealing.
  • the invention is even more unique, in that the soft glasses mentioned above as scalable to thin copper tubing of sizes within the stated range, will not seal to a solid copper wire even of the preferred dimension of 0.8 mm.
  • the discovery of the unexpected fact that a seal may be made to the thin tubular metal where such glass could not be sealed to solid wire is of great importance in enabling a much improved miniature lamp to be made.
  • the miniature lamps here referred to have a total length of about 32 mm. only, and since about 7 mm. are utilized in forming the pinch, the center of the bulb being cooled lies only about 12.5 mm. remote from the sealed-off area. This short distance between that part of the glass taking the temperature of the liquid nitrogen and that part of the glass being brought to high temperature for the purpose of sealing-olf, introduces an extremely serious problem prohibitive to economical manufacture of miniature lamps by this method without considerable technical expenditure.
  • the lamp dimensions given represent normal minimum size of lamps currently available and too small for manufacture with use of glass tubulation, whereas, according to the present invention the objective is attained of capability of fabricating even smaller lamps with use of tubulation.
  • the pinch produced in thin-wall copper tubes utilized in the lamps of the present invention are extremely pressureproof and very stable.
  • the pinch of the metallic tubulation used in this invention may be doubly sealed by an encasiug coating, such as solder, rigid plastic, lacquer or other suitable material, either singly or as a laminated coating of different ones of said materials. Use of such coatings also serves both as protection and reenforcernent for the thinwall metallic tubing.
  • the invention also accomplishes the essential object of eliminating necessity and expense of use of liquid nitrogen, but permits direct introduction of the gas filling at desired pressure and permanently retains the gas in the lamp by cold fusion sealing of ⁇ a metallic tubulation by a very forceful pinching of the tubulation and severing the same below the pinch.
  • a lamp offering a wide latitude of choice of shape thereof not only as to desired shortness or over-all length, but also both as to diameter of the bulb and dimension of the base-forming pinch of the glass. From what has already been said above, it will be recognized that the stem pinch possible with miniature bulbs of 12 mm. diameter if glass tubulation were used would be limited to a greater thickness than we attain, since a glass tubulation must of necessity have a greater outer diameter than with a thin-wall metal tube, and that greater diameter of tubulation interferes with proper closeness to each other of the basal grooves in opposite faces of the pinch, such grooves being necessary for the pinch to be accommodated in standard lamp magazine holders.
  • the tubulation may also be employed as an in-lead, thereby avoiding need for extra space for a separate in-lead Areplaced by the tubulation. It may also be advantageous to make both of the in-leads in the for-m of metallic tubulations of thin-walled character. Thereby the total cross-section of passageway to the interior of the bulb is doubled and facility for exhausting and gas-filling the bulb is increased improving and speeding the method of manufacture. By this proposal, the total cross-sectional area of the pinch is available to tubulations.
  • FIGURE 1 is an elevation of a known prior art photoflash lamp
  • FIGURE 2 is a longitudinal section through a miniature photoflash lamp of the present invention as it appears in tprocess of manufacture before closing the tubulation;
  • FIGURE 3 is a longitudinal section taken on a plane designated by line III-III of FIG. 2;
  • FIGURE 4 is an elevational view of the fully fabricated lamp of FIGS. 2 and 3;
  • FIGURES 5-10 inclusive are elevational views looking toward broad faces of flattened pinches with tubulations and in-leads included therewith and each view representing a modification from all others;
  • FIGURES 5A-10A are edge elevational views of FIGS. 5-10 respectively.
  • FIGURE 11 is an elevational view corresponding to the showing of lamp of FIG. 4, but showing an additional seal applied to the pinch of the tubulation;
  • FIGURE 12 is a view similar to FIG. 11, but showing the additional seal applied to all of the tubulation that projects from the lamp base.
  • a known miniature photoiiash lamp as shown in FIG. 1 has a bulb ll and a pinch or stem press 2 shaped as a base and is filled with shredded zirconium foil 3 as well as with oxygen under high pressure.
  • the bulb already provided with the filling is dipped, together with the stem press at its bottom, into liquid nitrogen so that the gas filling is frozen or remains under a low pressure in the bulb.
  • the bulb is sealed olf at its top or dome, and is doing so, a protruding tip 4 is formed which undesirably increases the total length of the lamp without increasing internal lamp volume and consequently without any increase in quantity of ultimate light, the tip, in fact blocking the light to some extent.
  • the reference numeral 5 denotes the bulb consisting of glass, especially a soft glass such as lead glass or magnesia glass.
  • a soft glass such as lead glass or magnesia glass.
  • an integral stem pinch 6 also functioning as a glass base for the lamp, and within the bulb is finely divided combustible material 7 such as shredded zirconium foil.
  • the photoash lamp is made from a piece of soft glass tubing the bottom end of which is pinch-sealed around current in-leads 9a and 9b carrying, at their upper ends within the bulb, igniting means 8.
  • the stem press or pinch is brought into the desired external base form and internally makes a tight seal with the in-leads and thin-walled metallic tubulation.
  • the finely divided combustible material 7 is thereupon introduced and concentrated near the pinched end proximate to the igniting means il.
  • the glass tube is then contracted and sealed off.
  • the glass at the aforesaid place of sealing-olf may be softened by heat and formed, as with the use of molding tools, into a closure of semi-spherical bowl or dome shape 5a without formation of a protruding tip.
  • the metallic surface is cleaned, as by use of a grease solvent, prior to insertion of the tubulation into its appointed place.
  • the cleaned surface is subjected to a reducing agent, notably hydrogen, after which it is oxidized supericially and covered with a lm of glass, borax or enamel.
  • the copper tube is treated preferably with a suspension of equal parts of water and lead borate with about 1% of magnesium chloride. Following domeclosing of the upper end of the lamp, the interior is exhausted through the tubulation and filled with oxygen at any desired pressure.
  • tubulation l0 at an outwardly projecting part thereof is closed by means of mechanical pinching as indicated as performed at 1l in FIG. 4.
  • This pinching is done with considerable force and obtains a pressure-proof coldfusion lor welding which has proved successful to prevent leakage up to twenty-two atmospheres, and which may, if need be, probably be used also with even higher pressures.
  • grooves b, b are required transversely across the flat face of the pinch, said grooves being in direct opposition to each other and requiring a distance between contiguous groove bottoms lof 1.7 mm.
  • This requirement can be fulfilled in the present invention as it will be remembered that the thin copper tubing has a diameter of 1.5 mm. which will enable the tubulation to pass behind both grooves without interference therewith.
  • a lamp with thin metallic tubulation manufactured by the method as hereinabove described shows many advantages when compared with the known lamp shown in FIG. l. Since the tip ony the lamp dome of the prior art is omitted from the lamp of the present invention, the proportion of useful lamp length to the total length becomes greater. Consequently, in comparing the old and new lamps, the novel photoash lamp is, with equal light quantity, shorter than the prior art one, or its light quantity is greater with equal over-all bulb length.
  • the method of manufacture is simplified and is cheaper because the difculties in the prior art lamp when sealing olf the short glass tip on the bulb dome and cooling with nitrogen are both omitted.
  • a further reduction in production cost is obtained because the higher consumption in filling gas in the prior art lamp is decreased in the new lamp in View of the different and simpler lling process without exposure to heat and evaporation.
  • the radical extremes in temperature difference in short lengths of the glass present in manufacture of the prior art lamp do not exist with manufacture of the new, thereby avoiding strains in and breakage of the glass, materially reduces that type of waste and loss.
  • danger of accident becomes lower because of omitting the liquid nitrogen and because of the oxygen being more definitely conned.
  • the lower major portion 6a of the stern press or pinch is thicker than the showing in the former figures, and is laterally bifurcated part way upwardly for a distance from its lower end, thereby providing a bottom medial recess A establishing press legs 6a at the lateral sides of the recess and next to the lateral side edges of the press.
  • said press has duplicate and directly opposed transverse contractions 15 at the two broad faces of said press, thereby providing upwardly directed shoulders 15a.
  • symmetrically ldisposed ⁇ in-leads 13, 14 extend from below said legs 6a through the same and into bulb 5 to there carry the usual igniter.
  • a small diameter thin-walled semi-hard copper tubulation 12 conforming to description of characteristics, treatment and installation of the tubulation 10 of FIGS. 2-4 except as to length, this tubulation 12 being shorter and terminating at its lower pinched end 11 within recess A.
  • the pinched end 11 of the tubulation 12 provided in FIGS. 5 and 5A lies between press legs 6a and above the bottom plane thereof so that it is protected against mechanical injuries.
  • This construction also is effective in keeping the end of the tubulation from 'being brought -into snagging contact with and possibly disturbing arrangement and construction of contacts in a lamp socket (not shown) wherein the lamp is ultimately used.
  • the press contractions 15 correspond to grooves b, b of the previously described construction and preferably have a corresponding distance between the contiguous contraction bottoms as provided between the groove bottoms for the same beneficial purpose of holding the lamp in a socket or magazine in use.
  • the ends of the in-leads 13, 14 protruding from the bottoms of press legs 6a function as terminals for effecting electrical circuit connection with the socket contacts, and if applied against the same with a scraping engagement, a reliable electrical continuity will be assured.
  • the press 6b provides shoulders 15b at the lateral ends of the press and directed upwardly toward the bulb 5.
  • the current in-leads 16, 17 are sealed throughthe press as in the above disclosures, but have a considerable length below the press, enabling said in-leads to be drawn tightly thereunder to a at side of the press, upwardly thereof to and ⁇ over said shoulder and bent to extend downwardly at the other flat side of the press, then entirely under the press this time and part way up the first flat side again.
  • the in-leads are wrapped in tight loops, and if desired, grooves 18, 19 may be provided in the press surfaces for receiving the loops with a partial imbedding thereof.
  • loops are thus xed with respect to the press surfaces and have exposed portions protruding therefrom as lamp terminals for engagement with the socket contacts in use. Sealed within the press between the in-leads, there is located a small diameter thin walled semi-hard copper tubulation 12 conforming to description of characteristics, treatment and installation of the tubulation 1lb of FIGS. 2-4.
  • each flat surface of the press 6c has an integral glass stud 15C, in effect constituting a shoulder, projecting outwardly therefrom.
  • the stud on one side is near one lateral end of the press and the stud on the other side is near the other lateral end of the press.
  • the in-leads 16C, 17C are sealed longitudinally through the press as last above described with excess of length therebelow enabling each to be drawn tightly under the press toward the side having the most proximate stud, then up to and over the stud and back down to pass under the press and. up at its other side.
  • a flattened press 6d is shown with directly opposed transverse grooves b b' and at an elevation corresponding to the location of said grooves, the in-leads 16C, 17C, intermediate of their length, are bent into U-shaped bows 16C and 17C' respectively.
  • the bite portions of said bows are pushed through respective groove bottoms during the pinching process and being there exposed constitute lamp terminals for engagement with the socket contacts in use.
  • the bottom ends of the in-leads are not made to project below the bottom of the press.
  • the positive retention of the bow with only the bite portion thereof protruding obtains a very reliable fixation for the lamp contacts or terminals.
  • a small diameter semi-hard copper tubulation 12 conforming to description of characteristics, treatment and installation hereinbefore recited.
  • the thin walled semi-hard small copper tubulation 20, characterized as heretofore described, is used as one of the current in-leads.
  • the other in-lead 21 is of usual wire and at its lower end projects beyond the flattened pinch or press and is looped over a boss 22 of glass integral with and protruding from the broad face of the press. The end of the inlead returns to the bottom of the pinch and into the same for anchoring thereof.
  • FIGS. 10 and 10A show an embodiment in which there are two small thin walled semi-hard copper tubulations 23 and 24 characterized as heretofore described, and which are sealed in the flattened pinch and serve as the current iii-leads.
  • the pinch is formed with its mid-part bulging as at 25, by means of which good fixation in a resilient socket is guaranteed.
  • a miniature lamp with a glass envelope and integral flattened press serving as the base characterized in that pinched into the attened press in direct and permanently CII sealing contact with the glass thereof there is a thin-walled 3() tubulation of copper through which the lamp is lled with gas, said copper tubulation having a mechanical pinch near the place at which it cornes out of said attened press thereby providing a closure for said tubulation.
  • a miniature lamp as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that the glass envelope and its press through which said tubulation is sealed consists of a soft glass generally used for lamp purposes, as for instance lead glass and lime magnesia glass.
  • a miniature lamp as claimed in claim 1 characterized in that an external enwrapping reenforcing protective coating is applied to a portion of said tubulation yat least where the tubulation is mechanically pinched thereby doubly sealing and strengthening said tubulation thereat.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
US380208A 1963-07-16 1964-07-06 Miniature lamp Expired - Lifetime US3290906A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP0032213 1963-07-16
DEP0033746 1964-03-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3290906A true US3290906A (en) 1966-12-13

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US380208A Expired - Lifetime US3290906A (en) 1963-07-16 1964-07-06 Miniature lamp

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US (1) US3290906A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT245366B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE649909A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH422153A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (2) DE1489451B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1056818A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0044551A1 (en) * 1980-07-21 1982-01-27 GTE Products Corporation Method of making a pressurized electrically-activated high-voltage photoflash lamp
EP0044552A1 (en) * 1980-07-21 1982-01-27 GTE Products Corporation Electrically-activated high-voltage photoflash lamp excluding a press-sealed end portion and method of making same
EP1584602A1 (en) * 2004-04-02 2005-10-12 Tana Industries (1991) Ltd. Water dispenser with water filter cartridge

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0061757B1 (de) * 1981-03-31 1986-05-14 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH Verfahren zur Herstellung einer als Quetschung ausgebildeten Gefässabdichtung für eine elektrische Lampe und Quetschvorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens
USD358629S (en) 1994-04-28 1995-05-23 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Liquid bait station

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2280048A (en) * 1938-05-25 1942-04-14 Schwarze Paul Flashlight lamp
US2556059A (en) * 1949-06-21 1951-06-05 Tung Sol Lamp Works Inc Electric incandescent lamp and method of manufacturing
US2914371A (en) * 1955-06-16 1959-11-24 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Method of making miniature lamps

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2280048A (en) * 1938-05-25 1942-04-14 Schwarze Paul Flashlight lamp
US2556059A (en) * 1949-06-21 1951-06-05 Tung Sol Lamp Works Inc Electric incandescent lamp and method of manufacturing
US2914371A (en) * 1955-06-16 1959-11-24 Patent Treuhand Ges Fuer Elektrische Gluehlampen Mbh Method of making miniature lamps

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0044551A1 (en) * 1980-07-21 1982-01-27 GTE Products Corporation Method of making a pressurized electrically-activated high-voltage photoflash lamp
EP0044552A1 (en) * 1980-07-21 1982-01-27 GTE Products Corporation Electrically-activated high-voltage photoflash lamp excluding a press-sealed end portion and method of making same
US4369556A (en) * 1980-07-21 1983-01-25 Gte Products Corporation Method of making a photoflash lamp having new lead seal structure
EP1584602A1 (en) * 2004-04-02 2005-10-12 Tana Industries (1991) Ltd. Water dispenser with water filter cartridge
US20050279689A1 (en) * 2004-04-02 2005-12-22 Tana Industries (1991) Ltd. Water dispenser and filter cartridge for use therein
US20080202996A1 (en) * 2004-04-02 2008-08-28 Tana Industries (1991) Ltd. Water dispenser and filter cartridge for use therein
US7470364B2 (en) 2004-04-02 2008-12-30 Tanna Industries (1991) Ltd. Water dispenser and filter cartridge for use therein
US20090071890A1 (en) * 2004-04-02 2009-03-19 Tana Industries (1991) Ltd. Water dispenser and filter cartridge for use therein
US7645381B2 (en) 2004-04-02 2010-01-12 Tana Industries (1991) Ltd. Water dispenser and filter cartridge for use therein
US7703382B2 (en) 2004-04-02 2010-04-27 Tana Industries (1991) Ltd. Water dispenser and filter cartridge for use therein
US20100163470A1 (en) * 2004-04-02 2010-07-01 Tana Industries (1991) Ltd. Water dispenser and filter cartridge for use therein
US7987769B2 (en) 2004-04-02 2011-08-02 Strauss Water Ltd. Water dispenser and filter cartridge for use therein

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1056818A (en) 1967-02-01
CH422153A (de) 1966-10-15
DE1489451B2 (de) 1971-11-25
DE1489455B2 (de) 1973-06-20
DE1489455C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-03-14
DE1489451A1 (de) 1969-04-24
AT245366B (de) 1966-02-25
BE649909A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1964-10-16
DE1489455A1 (de) 1969-07-03

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