US3289211A - Electrical recording pen - Google Patents

Electrical recording pen Download PDF

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Publication number
US3289211A
US3289211A US367777A US36777764A US3289211A US 3289211 A US3289211 A US 3289211A US 367777 A US367777 A US 367777A US 36777764 A US36777764 A US 36777764A US 3289211 A US3289211 A US 3289211A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
stylus
ink
recording
pen
liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US367777A
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English (en)
Inventor
Klavsons Uldis
James E Kennedy
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xerox Corp filed Critical Xerox Corp
Priority to US367777A priority Critical patent/US3289211A/en
Priority to ES0312594A priority patent/ES312594A1/es
Priority to GB1915065A priority patent/GB1064344A/en
Priority to SE06019/65A priority patent/SE336857B/xx
Priority to CH648965A priority patent/CH430241A/fr
Priority to DE19651498264 priority patent/DE1498264B2/de
Priority to NL656506088A priority patent/NL145955B/xx
Priority to NO158076A priority patent/NO121120B/no
Priority to GB1931766A priority patent/GB1148771A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3289211A publication Critical patent/US3289211A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D15/00—Component parts of recorders for measuring arrangements not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D15/16—Recording elements transferring recording material, e.g. ink, to the recording surface
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D15/00—Component parts of recorders for measuring arrangements not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D15/06—Electric recording elements, e.g. electrolytic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D15/00—Component parts of recorders for measuring arrangements not specially adapted for a specific variable
    • G01D15/16—Recording elements transferring recording material, e.g. ink, to the recording surface
    • G01D15/18—Nozzles emitting recording material

Definitions

  • Liquid ink recording devices generally fall into one of three categories:
  • a first category is that in which physical contact between the ink fed stylus and the recording surface is physically interrupted in accordance with a signal. Interruption of physical contact is hard to control at high speeds and with a fast flow of intelligence requires a highly-damped nonelastic mechanical system. The large amount of distortion-free power required to operate such a system at speeds of 10 kc. or higher results in high initial cost and a very low level of operating efliciency.
  • a second category may be called ink spitters and includes devices in which ink is transferred across a gap from a point or orifice onto the recording surface responsive directly to an electrical force or to controlled pressure in the feed system.
  • Ink spitters are limited by the energy requirements to move a particle across a gap. Factors such as inertia and surface tension must be overcome, both being extremely diflicult at high frequency rates. For example, in droplet sizes suitable for recording purposes, it is estimated that the potential required to move drops across a one mil gap at 10 kc. is in the range of 30,000 volts per cm. which is also about the potential required to produce undesirable air breakdown. If it is also necessary to completely overcome surface tension by electrical potential, the usable frequency is greatly reduced.
  • the third category is one in which an ink fed stylus is maintained in constant contact with the recording sheet and is moved relative to the recording sheet in order to record information. Like the first category, this third one provides a continuous mark on the recording surface at all times when the stylus and recording surface are in contact. This last category has been limited pretty much in practical application to oscillographic use since it becomes quite complex to control a continuously marking stylus through the tortuous configuration necessary for more sophisticated writing.
  • FIGURE 1 is an isometric drawing of recording apparatus in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGURE 2 is an isometric drawing of a recording stylus in accordance with the invention.
  • FIGURE 3 is an isometric drawing of a second embodiment of a recording stylus in accordance with the invention.
  • the common feature used to ensure a continuous uniform ink flow during writing is a capillary.
  • the orifice of the capillary is positioned in contact with a moving surface.
  • the orifice of the capillary is kept out of contact with the moving surface.
  • the moving surface pulls ink from the stylus tip at a rate greater than normal flow. Under this condition, the ink stream pinches off and surface tension prevents further flow.
  • Application of a high voltage will overcome surface tension, and cause ink flow on command.
  • FIGURE 1 illustrates apparatus for providing high relative speed between an ink carrying stylus 10 and a recording sheet 11.
  • the recording sheet is a sheet of paper, sheet of plastic, or other material preferably having a resistivity of 1000 ohms./ cm. or higher. This resistivity is in order to prevent excessive current drain through the paper, and thus an undue load on a signal source as will be further described.
  • Recording sheet 11 is appropriately mounted on a conductive drum 12. While signal source 13 applies the recording potential between stylus 10 and drum 12, motor 15 rotates drum 12 providing motion between the recording sheet and the stylus. The same motor 15 chives feed screw 16 upon which recording pen 17 carrying stylus 10 is mounted so as to drive stylus 10 across the surface of the recording paper in a direction perpendicular to the rotational path of the drum.
  • Ink is fed to pen 17 from reservoir 18.
  • the ink is not critical and various commercial ink preparations have been used successfully.
  • the viscosity of the ink may be varied over a wide range.
  • Recording pen 17 is mounted so as to apply a pressure in the range of .05 lb. to .1 lb. between stylus 10 and recording sheet 11.
  • the optimum pressure is higher with larger stylus contact area, harder recording sheet material and smaller signal voltages, and lower under the reverse conditions. Writing has been produced with just bare contact with virtually no pressure; however, the results tended to be erratic.
  • the applied signal voltage can be A.C. or pulsed DC. and has a preferred range of 8001500 volts. Higher density and greater uniformity are achieved as the voltage is increased toward 1500 volts. Over 1500 volts, the electrical components become substantially more expensive and the choice of recording sheet material becomes critical to avoid dielectric breakdown.
  • the threshold for ink deposition using three mil common paper for recording is about 200 volts. This varies with conductivity and thickness of the paper.
  • the electric current is a more significant figure and may range J from about 0.5 microampere to microamperes for continuous writing with a direct current potential disclosed in Wise et al. Patent U.S. 2,173,741. Note, however, Wise et al. is quite distinct in specifying no physical contact and in using a powder instead of a liquid.
  • FIGURES 2 and 3 show stylus configurations that have been found operative for the present invention.
  • the stylus of FIGURE 2 is roughly equivalent to a fountain pen point.
  • Nib 20 is positioned against ink distributor block 21.
  • Ink is fed from an ink reservoir through supply line 22 into grooves (not visible) in block 21 extending along the surface contacting nib 20. These grooves fill with ink and serve as an auxiliary ink reservoir to maintain a large supply of ink adjacent to the tip of the stylus.
  • Slit 23 in the nib serves to carry ink from the distributor block to the tip of the stylus utilizing capillary effect.
  • slit 23 extended to writing surface 25 on the tip of the stylus, then this stylus would operate in the manner of a conventional fountain pen point and capillary effect would make it impossible to turn the ink flow to the recording sheet on and off at the high frequencies of the present invention.
  • slit 23 in the nib terminates immediately prior to writing surface 25. It is important that a ready flow of ink be provided to a point just adjacent to the writing surface and that there is no capillary contact to the recording sheet.
  • the nib may be completely formed and then a partial slit cut into it terminating ahead of the writing surface. It may also be made by cutting the slit in the nib right to the end and then bonding a special alloy or jewel tip onto the point blocking off the capillary slit at the same time. As the writing surface of the stylus wears, it normally changes the area of contact, making adjustments necessary in order to maintain print uniformity. Thus, the use of a special hard alloy or jewel at the tip is desirable to minimize wear.
  • Electrical terminal 26 is provided on nib 20 for connection to a signal source.
  • the stylus of FIGURE 3 has a hollow body 27 which is supplied with ink through a supply line 28.
  • Body 27 is shaped to form restricted orifice 30 at the writing end.
  • Extending from body 27 adjacent to said orifice is a wire loop 31.
  • This wire is about 0.005 in diameter and is bent with a radius of 4 mils.
  • An extended portion 32 of body 27 overhangs loop 31 so that orifice 30 is bounded by loop 31 and extended portion 32.
  • the orifice, wire and ink surface tension are selected so that ink will fill the space between the wire and the overhang without flowing freely from the stylus.
  • the end of the bent loop in wire 31 prevents the ink from flowing continuously onto a recording sheet when the wire is moved relatively in contact therewith. Optimum operation is obtained with the plane of the loop at an angle of about 45 with respect to the recording surface.
  • Electrical terminal 33 is provided on body 27 for connection to a signal source.
  • Liquid ink marking devices conventionally use capillaries for insuring uniform continuous flow of ink.
  • a capillary is used to feed the ball.
  • the slit in the nib serves as a capillary.
  • Some pens in automatic recording devices utilize a capillary tube running their entire length. In all these devices, ink is carried continuously from the capillary by a surface moving in direct contact with the capillary orifice. Capillary effect insures continuous uniform flow and such flow is not readily interrupted unless either the contact or relative motion is interrupted.
  • the stylus in the present invention is designed so that no surface moves in direct contact with a capillary orifice.
  • a stylus for use in the present inven- Example I A wire loop pen was supplied with ink made by mixing 50-50 by volume Skrip #34 jet black available from the W. A. Sheaffer Pen Company with John R. Bourne Company, black stamp ink available from John R. Bourne Company, Rochester, New York. Calendered sulfite paper was wrapped around a metal drum and revolved against the pen at speeds of in./sec. and 164 in./sec. The pen was then pulsed relative to the drum with 800 volt pulses at a rate of 20,000 cycles per second.
  • Example II A pen similar to that of FIGURE 3 was supplied with ink made by mixing 10 grams of monastral green B to 40 grams of light mineral oil. Zinc oxide coated paper was wrapped around a conductive drum and revolved against the pen at a relative speed of 80 in./sec. while the pen was pulsed with 1500 volts at a rate of 20 kc.
  • Example III This was the same as Example II using an 82% solution of alkyl phenyl polyglycol ether colored with methyl violet as the ink.
  • Example IV Using the ink mixture and pen of Example I, the relative speed of paper and pen was tried at 164, 226 and 360 in. per sec. with an 800 volt pulsing signal of 30 kc.
  • the papers used for this example were Lee Pro proofing paper; Kromekote paper and polyethylene coated paper.
  • Example V This was the same as Example IV using a 2% solution of Acid Fuchsin dye in ethyl alcohol.
  • a recorder comprising:
  • electrical signal means to apply an electrical potential between said means to support and said stylus to elTect in response to said signal a selective transfer of liquid ink from said stylus to a recording surface on said means to support.
  • An electrical signal operated ink pen comprising:
  • (e) means to apply an electrical signal across said tip and said surface to effectively cause movement of ink from said tip to said surface until application of the signal is terminated.
  • a pen according to claim 2 in which said means to transport ink comprises at least one slit in said writing tip defining the termination of said capillary means.
  • Facsimile recording apparatus comprising:
  • a pen having a stylus with an integrally continuous writing tip capable of retaining a quantity of liquid ink continuously thereat and mounted relative to said support means so that the stylus of said pen continuously contacts a recording sheet on said support means with a pressure of at least 0.05 lb.;
  • an ink supply reservoir for feeding liquid ink to the stylus of said pen and including capillary means extending to near said writing tip but terminating prior thereto;

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Recording Measured Values (AREA)
US367777A 1964-05-15 1964-05-15 Electrical recording pen Expired - Lifetime US3289211A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US367777A US3289211A (en) 1964-05-15 1964-05-15 Electrical recording pen
ES0312594A ES312594A1 (es) 1964-05-15 1965-05-05 Mejoras introducidas en la fabricacion de plumas accionadas por señales electricas.
GB1915065A GB1064344A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1964-05-15 1965-05-06
SE06019/65A SE336857B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1964-05-15 1965-05-07
CH648965A CH430241A (fr) 1964-05-15 1965-05-10 Appareil d'enregistrement à encre liquide
DE19651498264 DE1498264B2 (de) 1964-05-15 1965-05-11 Aufz ei chnungs gerä t
NL656506088A NL145955B (nl) 1964-05-15 1965-05-13 Elektrische registratie-inrichting.
NO158076A NO121120B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1964-05-15 1965-05-14
GB1931766A GB1148771A (en) 1964-05-15 1966-05-02 Electrical recording apparatus

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US367777A US3289211A (en) 1964-05-15 1964-05-15 Electrical recording pen

Publications (1)

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US3289211A true US3289211A (en) 1966-11-29

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US367777A Expired - Lifetime US3289211A (en) 1964-05-15 1964-05-15 Electrical recording pen

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US (1) US3289211A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH430241A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1498264B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES312594A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL145955B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO121120B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE336857B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3359566A (en) * 1966-08-01 1967-12-19 Xerox Corp Motor action capillary
US3375528A (en) * 1965-05-07 1968-03-26 Xerox Corp Recording pen having a plurality of closely spaced wires
US3512177A (en) * 1968-12-26 1970-05-12 Xerox Corp Ink recording system
US3995282A (en) * 1973-12-12 1976-11-30 U.S. Philips Corporation Device for selectively transferring spots of liquid ink
US4205320A (en) * 1977-09-30 1980-05-27 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Wet type direct image recording method
US6474773B1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2002-11-05 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Capping mechanism for pen printhead
US20030118394A1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2003-06-26 King Tobin Allen Cartridge for an electronic pen
US20050046688A1 (en) * 1999-10-25 2005-03-03 Paul Lapstun Universal pen with position or motion sensing
US20050078148A1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2005-04-14 Kia Silverbrook Printhead suitable for a universal pen
US20050200687A1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2005-09-15 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Mobile telecommunications device with interactive paper sensor
US20050219231A1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2005-10-06 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Mobile telecommunications device with stylus having printhead tip
CN103617806A (zh) * 2013-10-30 2014-03-05 成都市翻鑫家科技有限公司 一种带支架的录音录像笔

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS55132269A (en) * 1979-04-02 1980-10-14 Canon Inc Recording device

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1097131A (en) * 1910-06-23 1914-05-19 Internat Quadruplex Company Telegraphy.
US2173741A (en) * 1935-06-14 1939-09-19 Western Union Telegraph Co Electrostatic recording mechanism
US2572549A (en) * 1951-10-23 Sheetsxsheet z
US3052213A (en) * 1958-12-17 1962-09-04 Ibm Electrostatic printer apparatus for printing with liquid ink

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2572549A (en) * 1951-10-23 Sheetsxsheet z
US1097131A (en) * 1910-06-23 1914-05-19 Internat Quadruplex Company Telegraphy.
US2173741A (en) * 1935-06-14 1939-09-19 Western Union Telegraph Co Electrostatic recording mechanism
US3052213A (en) * 1958-12-17 1962-09-04 Ibm Electrostatic printer apparatus for printing with liquid ink

Cited By (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3375528A (en) * 1965-05-07 1968-03-26 Xerox Corp Recording pen having a plurality of closely spaced wires
US3359566A (en) * 1966-08-01 1967-12-19 Xerox Corp Motor action capillary
US3512177A (en) * 1968-12-26 1970-05-12 Xerox Corp Ink recording system
US3995282A (en) * 1973-12-12 1976-11-30 U.S. Philips Corporation Device for selectively transferring spots of liquid ink
US4205320A (en) * 1977-09-30 1980-05-27 Ricoh Company, Ltd. Wet type direct image recording method
US20080273057A1 (en) * 1999-10-25 2008-11-06 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Laminated printhead arrangement for a pen nib printer
US20090097905A1 (en) * 1999-10-25 2009-04-16 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Devices method and computer program for position determination
US20050046688A1 (en) * 1999-10-25 2005-03-03 Paul Lapstun Universal pen with position or motion sensing
US20070140776A1 (en) * 1999-10-25 2007-06-21 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd. Universal pen with optical, position and/or motion sensors
AU2004201882B2 (en) * 1999-10-25 2005-07-21 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Capping mechanism for pen printhead
US20080213030A1 (en) * 1999-10-25 2008-09-04 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd. Ink Cartridge For A Pen-Shaped Printer
US7413363B2 (en) 1999-10-25 2008-08-19 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Electronically controllable pen comprising a force switch
US6957923B2 (en) 1999-10-25 2005-10-25 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Electronically controllable pen device
US20050254874A1 (en) * 1999-10-25 2005-11-17 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Electronically controllable pen comprising a force switch
US7396177B2 (en) 1999-10-25 2008-07-08 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Universal pen with position or motion sensing
US7396178B2 (en) 1999-10-25 2008-07-08 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Universal pen with optical, position and/or motion sensors
US7771016B2 (en) 1999-10-25 2010-08-10 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Laminated printhead arrangement for a pen nib printer
US7125098B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2006-10-24 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Printhead suitable for a universal pen
US20050078148A1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2005-04-14 Kia Silverbrook Printhead suitable for a universal pen
US7131724B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2006-11-07 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Cartridge for an electronic pen
US7093923B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2006-08-22 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Printhead for pen
US20050265770A1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2005-12-01 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Nozzle array for pen printhead
US20050219231A1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2005-10-06 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Mobile telecommunications device with stylus having printhead tip
US20050200687A1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2005-09-15 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Mobile telecommunications device with interactive paper sensor
US7431449B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2008-10-07 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Mobile telecommunications device with interactive paper sensor
US20080246797A1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2008-10-09 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Mobile Phone With An Internal Printer Having A Print Cartridge With A Media Drive Shaft
US7188930B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2007-03-13 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Nozzle array for pen printhead
US7456994B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2008-11-25 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Mobile telecommunications device with stylus having printhead tip
US20090047997A1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2009-02-19 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Telecommunications device configured to print and sense coded data tags
US20030118394A1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2003-06-26 King Tobin Allen Cartridge for an electronic pen
US7735995B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2010-06-15 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd. Mobile phone with an internal printer having a print cartridge with a media drive shaft
US6474773B1 (en) * 2000-10-20 2002-11-05 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Capping mechanism for pen printhead
US7859701B2 (en) 2000-10-20 2010-12-28 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Telecommunications device configured to print and sense coded data tags
CN103617806A (zh) * 2013-10-30 2014-03-05 成都市翻鑫家科技有限公司 一种带支架的录音录像笔
CN103617806B (zh) * 2013-10-30 2015-12-16 成都市翻鑫家科技有限公司 一种带支架的录音录像笔

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL6506088A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-11-16
CH430241A (fr) 1967-02-15
SE336857B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-07-19
NO121120B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-01-18
ES312594A1 (es) 1966-03-01
DE1498264A1 (de) 1969-04-03
DE1498264B2 (de) 1970-11-12
NL145955B (nl) 1975-05-15

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