US3288611A - Martensitic steel - Google Patents
Martensitic steel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3288611A US3288611A US316116A US31611663A US3288611A US 3288611 A US3288611 A US 3288611A US 316116 A US316116 A US 316116A US 31611663 A US31611663 A US 31611663A US 3288611 A US3288611 A US 3288611A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- steel
- carbon
- present
- titanium
- traces
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 101
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 title claims description 101
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 title description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 32
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 32
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 30
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 29
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 20
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 20
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 13
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910001105 martensitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003483 aging Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004927 fusion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 2
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004881 precipitation hardening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009628 steelmaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010965 430 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000238366 Cephalopoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 halogen ion Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003389 potentiating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/3053—Fe as the principal constituent
- B23K35/308—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent
- B23K35/3086—Fe as the principal constituent with Cr as next major constituent containing Ni or Mn
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved high strength martensitic stainless steel and in particular to a m-art sitic high strength stainless steel having an optimum combination of form'ability, heat treatment, welding and corrosion resistance characteristics.
- stainless steels have assumed an increasingly important role as structural materials, especially in the transportation industry. These stainless steels, well known for some time, have recently been applied in this field because of their combination of strength and corrosion resistance.
- the A181 200, 300 and 400 Series have been utilized, depending upon the combination of properties desired.
- the A151 400 Series martensitic stainless steels have been utilized, an example of which is AISI Type 410.
- the use of the martensitic stainless steels has been fairly limited, however, because of the difiiculties encountered from the fabrication standpoint.
- the martensitic stainless steels were characterized by having a limited amount of cold workability, necessitating rather long heat treatments at subcritical temperatures in order to confer an adequate deg-rec of cold workability to the steel.
- both p-rewelding and postwelding heat treatments were necessary in order to confer upon the steel an adequate degree of strength and ductility in actual use.
- These steels are characterized by having a relatively high carbon content for strength purposes and a low chromium content in order to avoid the formation of delta ferrite therein. As a result, the corrosion resistance of these materials was severely limited.
- the steel of the present invention does not require the delicate metallurgical balance and is not a precipitation hardening stainless steel, yet possesses a martensitic microstructure with optimum formability together with high strength, adequate corrosion resistance, simplified heat treatment and excellent weldability, thereby combining advantageous properties of both the 300 and 400 Series stainless steels without the particular disadvantages encountered in the PH steels.
- the steel of the present invention possesses better modulus values than temper rolled austenitic stainless steels, which modulus values, in the steel of the present invention, are nondirectional thereby making the steel of the present invention highly attractive for structural applications.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a high strength, martensitic, corrosion resisting steel.
- Another object of this invention is to provide a high strength, martensitic, corrosion resisting steel characterized by having low hardness, good ductility and high strength which can be developed by a simplified heat treatment.
- Another object of this invention is to provide a high strength, martensitic, corrosion resisting steel having an optimum combination of forming and welding character istics and which can be employed as a structural member in the transportation industry.
- a more specific object of the present invention is to provide a martensitic, high strength, corrosion resisting steel containing carbon, silicon, manganese, chromium, nickel and titanium, in which the titanium to carbon ratio and the silicon content are limited to specific ranges.
- the steel of the present invention has a composition which includes from traces to 0.1% carbon, from traces to 0.5% silicon, from traces to 1% manganese, from 10.5% to 14% chromium, from 3% to 6% nickel, titanium in an amount equal to from 8 to 18 times the carbon content, and the balance essentially iron with incidental impurities.
- the alloying components contained therein perform functions as related hereinafter.
- the carbon content of the present invention is limited to an amount between traces and 0.1%. It is preferred to maintain the carbon content as low as possible and preferably not above 0.05%, in order to obtain a substantially carbon-free martensite after cooling to room temperature from a low austenitizing heat treatment temperature. While carbon contents in excess of 0.05% and up to about 0.1% can be utilized, these higher carbon contents must be balanced with the titanium content'so as to insure an exceedingly low or substantially carbon-free martensitic structure which will have low hardness and good ductility.
- the steel of the present invention contains silicon which must be limited to about 0.5% maximum. Silicon has been found to be a potent solution hardener which can have an embrittling effect and, as a result thereof, the silicon content must be maintained at no greater than 0.5 in order to obtain the proper degree of formability in the steel. While the silicon contents are preferably maintained low, it will be recognized that some silicon will always be present. Optimum results appear to be obtained where the silicon content is maintained from traces to about 0.30%. It is also preferred to maintain the manganese content on the low side in order to insure adequate rollability and good ductility to the material. In this respect, it has been found that up to about 1.0% manganese can be utilized; however, it is preferred to maintain the manganese content at less than 0.5%. Moreover, with low manganese and low silicon contents combined with a low carbon content, the cleanliness of the steel is greatly improved which aids in the corrosion resistance inherent .within the steel, but not fully developed unless the silicon,
- the steel of this invention contemplates a chromium content within the range between about 10.5% and 14% and preferably within the range between 11% and 13%. At least 10.5% chromium is necessary in order to confer an adequate degree of corrosion resistance, whereas increasing the chromium content to beyond 14%, results in the formation of a duplex microstructure which will include delta ferrite, a component which will not transform to maitensite upon subsequent cooling to room temperature. Moreover, such a duplex microstructure which contains delta ferrite, adversely affects the mechanical properties, especially in the transverse direction, and re sults in increased difliculties during hot working operations. The optimum combination between corrosion resistance, strength, formability stability, appears to be obtained when the chromium content is present within the range between about 11% and about 13%.
- the steel of the present invention contains nickel in an amount between 3% and 6 and preferably within an amount be- At least 3% nickel is necessary in the steel of the present invention to form the austenite phase and to suppress the formation of delta ferrite, whereas nickel contents in excess of about 6% may stabilize the austenitic structure to a sufficient degree that austenite may be retained upon cooling to room temperature.
- the nickel is increased to beyond about 6%, some age hardening may be apparent within the steel of the present invention, depending upon the relative level of the carbon and titanium present. Optimum results appear to be obtained when the nickel content is maintained within the range between about 3.5% and about 5.0%.
- Titanium is also included within the steel of the present invention and functions to balance the composition by uniting with the carbon and nitrogen contents so that 'when the steel is cooled to room temperautre a substantially carbonand nitrogen-free martensite is formed, which is characterized by low hardness and good ductility. For this reason, it is desirable to have the minimum titanium content present within the steel at about 8 times the carbon contained therein. While larger amounts of titanium can be utilized, for example a titanium content up to about 18 times the carbon content, higher titanium contents should be avoided because of the possibility of forming an age hardening component within the steel of the 'present'invention. This age hardening component depends upon the relative amounts of titanium and nickel present within the composition.
- the steel of the present invention may optionally contain columbium, molybdenum or vanadium for special purposes, it being noted that the columbium can be substituted for the titanium on the basis of about 2:1. Vanadium may also be employed to unite with the carbon thus removing it from solution within the martensite and thereby obtain relatively the same characteristics. Molybdenum may also be optionally added to the steel of the present invention, where added resistance to a corrosive environment in which a halogen ion is present, is desired. Molybdenum also improves the high temperature properties of the steel. The balance of the steel cornprises essentially iron with the usual impurities normally found in steel-making practice.
- the steel of the present invention may be made by any of the well-known steel-making practices, for example, the carbon electrode electric arc furnace, the details of which are well known in the art and need not be set forth in detail.
- the steel of the desired composition as set forth hereinbefore in Table I, is cast into ingots which are hot rolled to any desired shape, for example, bloom, bar, billet, slab and fiat rolled products. After descaling, the steel may be cold rolled to finish gauge, for example, into the form of strip, wire, plate, sheet, tube, bar, rod or any other semi-finished mill product.
- the steel of the present invention can be cold rolled in excess of 75% reduction in cross sectional area in fiat rolled product form Without any intermediate reannealing.
- the steel in the form of wire has been drawn to effect a reduction in the cross sectional area of up to 99% without any intermediate reannealing.
- the steel may be heat treated in order to obtain adequate ductility for any of the various fabricating procedures, for example, drawing, bending and joining. It is preferred to heat treat the steel of the present invention after cold working to the finished mill product by heating to a temperature within the range between about 1400 F. and about 1600 F. After heating in this temperature range, the steel may be quenched in order to form a substantially completely martensitic microstructure which is characterized by high strength, low hardness, good formability, and with excellent welding characteristics.
- Table II illustrates the typical mechanical properties of the steel of this invention, said steel having a composition which includes: 0.015% carbon, 0.13% manganese, 0.061% silicon, 11.0% chromium, 4.0% nickel, 27% titanium, and the balance essentially iron with incidental impurities.
- AISI Type 430 stainless steel a ferritic stainless steel; AISI Type 302, an austenitic stainless steel, and AISI Type 410, a martensitic stainless steel, are included.
- the titanium to carbon ratio becomes very important especially where the transverse bending properties of the steel are considered.
- the transverse bending properties are those properties which are measured by the ratio of the bend radius to the thickness of the steel when said steel is deformed to produce a 135 bend without failure in the steel. It is considered that the bend ratio must be limited to not more than about 2 in order for the steel to have adequate transverse bendability which is a measure utilized in determining the formability characteristics of the steel.
- Table IV contains the chemical composition of a series of steels having a varying titanium to carbon ratio, some of which are outside the scope of this invention, and which were utilized in order to evaluate the formability characteristics of the steel of the present invention.
- the steel of the present invention can be cold worked to varying degrees Without the necessity of an intermediate annealing heat treatment. This results from the fact that the low carbon martensite has a very low rate of work hardening which is directly.
- the steels having the composition set forth in Table IV were rolled to varying sheet thicknesses and were subjected to the standard hardness, tensile and bend tests. These tests are set forth in the following Table V. In each instance, the steel was given an annealing heat treatcontrary to the AISI 300 Series stainless steels. Referment at a temperature of 1400 F. following which the ence may be had to Table III which shows the effect of steel was air cooled to room temperature.
- the steel of the present invention possesses excellent welding characteristics.
- the steel having a composition of .015 carbon, .0l9% silicon, .14% manganese, 10.92% chromium, 4.05% nickel, .25 titanium, and the balance essentially iron with impurities was cold rolled to strip material having a thickness of 0.062", annealed and was welded by the Tungsten Inert Gas Process, there being no filler metal added during such welding operation.
- the steel was welded without benefit of a prewelding heat treatment and the properties set forth hereinafter in Table VI were the properties in the condition stated without benefit of a postwelding heat treatment.
- the steel of the present invention exhibits corrosion resistance which compares quite favorably with both AISI Type 430 and Type 410.
- the steel having a composition within the range set forth hereinbefore in Table I was subjected to the following listed acid solutions ference is noted in the elongation as measured, the locafor the time periods indicated and the weight loss calcution of the fracture was in the base metal which clearly lated in inches penetration per month was determined both indicates the outstanding welding characteristics of this for the steel of the present invention, as well as standard steel.
- An aging at 1000 F. for 5 minutes shows a slight AISI Types 410 and 430.
- the as welded and the welded and heat treated conditions of the metal exhibit properties quite similar to those of the parent metal, both in tion possesses a corrosion resistance which is more desirable than either that of AISI Type 410 or Type 430.
- the steel of the present invention has been utilized in flat rolled product form, for example, sheets and plates, and has been formed specifically into corner posts for automotive trailers, and in all operations, that is, melting through semi-finished mill products and into the final fabricated form, standard equipment presently in use in these industries today has been utilized Without difiiculty.
- a martensitic stainless steel consisting essentially of from traces to 0.10% carbon, traces to 0.5 silicon, traces to 1.0% manganese, from 10.5 to 14% chromium, from 3% to 6% nickel, from 8 to 18 times the carbon content of titanium, and the balance essentially iron with incidental impurities.
- a martensitic stainless steel consisting essentially of about 0.015% carbon, about 0.13% manganese, about 0.061% silicon, about 11.0% chromium, about 4.0%
- nickel about 0.27% titanium, and the balance essentially iron with incidental impurities.
- a martensitic stainless steel consisting essentially of from traces to 0.10% carbon, t-races to 0.5% silicon, traces to 1.0% manganese, from 10.5% to 14% chromium, from 3% to 6% nickel, from 0.2% to 0.75% titanium, the ratio of titanium to carbon being Within the range between about 8 to about 18, and the balance essentially iron with incidental impurities.
- a composition suitable for welding dissimilar metals characterized by a low rate of Work hardening, good f-ormability and corrosion resistance, said composition consisting essentially of from traces to 0.1% carbon, from traces to 1% manganese, from traces to 0.5% silicon, from 10.5% to 14% chromium, from 3% to 6% nickel, from 8 to 18 times the carbon content of titanium, and the balance essentially iron with incidental impurities.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
Priority Applications (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US316116A US3288611A (en) | 1963-10-14 | 1963-10-14 | Martensitic steel |
DE1964A0047312 DE1458331B1 (de) | 1963-10-14 | 1964-10-13 | Verwendung einer martensitischen,rostfreien Stahllegierung als Werkstoff für geschweisste Gegenstände |
BE654353D BE654353A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1963-10-14 | 1964-10-14 | |
FR991314A FR1419749A (fr) | 1963-10-14 | 1964-10-14 | Perfectionnements apportés aux aciers inoxydables martensitiques |
GB42009/64A GB1073590A (en) | 1963-10-14 | 1964-10-14 | Improvements in or relating to martensitic stainless steel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US316116A US3288611A (en) | 1963-10-14 | 1963-10-14 | Martensitic steel |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3288611A true US3288611A (en) | 1966-11-29 |
Family
ID=23227536
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US316116A Expired - Lifetime US3288611A (en) | 1963-10-14 | 1963-10-14 | Martensitic steel |
Country Status (4)
Cited By (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3355280A (en) * | 1965-06-25 | 1967-11-28 | Int Nickel Co | High strength, martensitic stainless steel |
US3373015A (en) * | 1965-03-16 | 1968-03-12 | Armco Steel Corp | Stainless steel and product |
US3408178A (en) * | 1967-06-27 | 1968-10-29 | Carpenter Steel Co | Age hardenable stainless steel alloy |
US3933479A (en) * | 1974-10-10 | 1976-01-20 | United States Steel Corporation | Vanadium stabilized martensitic stainless steel |
US4058417A (en) * | 1975-02-24 | 1977-11-15 | General Electric Company | Turbine bucket alloy |
DE4039538A1 (de) * | 1989-12-11 | 1991-06-13 | Kawasaki Steel Co | Hochfester martensitischer rostfreier stahl und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
US20040154706A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2004-08-12 | Buck Robert F. | Fine-grained martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
US6890393B2 (en) | 2003-02-07 | 2005-05-10 | Advanced Steel Technology, Llc | Fine-grained martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
US20100143067A1 (en) * | 2008-11-03 | 2010-06-10 | Powers Fasteners, Inc. | Anchor bolt and method for making same |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5135447B2 (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) * | 1972-10-26 | 1976-10-02 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1538337A (en) * | 1919-02-27 | 1925-05-19 | Ludlum Steel Co | Alloy |
US2999039A (en) * | 1959-09-14 | 1961-09-05 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Martensitic steel |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT146720B (de) * | 1931-06-23 | 1936-08-10 | Krupp Ag | Herstellung von Gegenständen, die besondere Festigkeitseigenschaften, insbesondere eine hohe Schwingungsfestigkeit besitzen müssen und/oder hohe Beständigkeit gegen Brüchigwerden durch interkristalline Korrosion aufweisen sollen. |
-
1963
- 1963-10-14 US US316116A patent/US3288611A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1964
- 1964-10-13 DE DE1964A0047312 patent/DE1458331B1/de active Pending
- 1964-10-14 BE BE654353D patent/BE654353A/xx unknown
- 1964-10-14 GB GB42009/64A patent/GB1073590A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1538337A (en) * | 1919-02-27 | 1925-05-19 | Ludlum Steel Co | Alloy |
US2999039A (en) * | 1959-09-14 | 1961-09-05 | Allegheny Ludlum Steel | Martensitic steel |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3373015A (en) * | 1965-03-16 | 1968-03-12 | Armco Steel Corp | Stainless steel and product |
US3355280A (en) * | 1965-06-25 | 1967-11-28 | Int Nickel Co | High strength, martensitic stainless steel |
US3408178A (en) * | 1967-06-27 | 1968-10-29 | Carpenter Steel Co | Age hardenable stainless steel alloy |
US3933479A (en) * | 1974-10-10 | 1976-01-20 | United States Steel Corporation | Vanadium stabilized martensitic stainless steel |
US4058417A (en) * | 1975-02-24 | 1977-11-15 | General Electric Company | Turbine bucket alloy |
DE4039538A1 (de) * | 1989-12-11 | 1991-06-13 | Kawasaki Steel Co | Hochfester martensitischer rostfreier stahl und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
US20040154706A1 (en) * | 2003-02-07 | 2004-08-12 | Buck Robert F. | Fine-grained martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
US6890393B2 (en) | 2003-02-07 | 2005-05-10 | Advanced Steel Technology, Llc | Fine-grained martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
US6899773B2 (en) | 2003-02-07 | 2005-05-31 | Advanced Steel Technology, Llc | Fine-grained martensitic stainless steel and method thereof |
US20100143067A1 (en) * | 2008-11-03 | 2010-06-10 | Powers Fasteners, Inc. | Anchor bolt and method for making same |
Also Published As
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BE654353A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) | 1965-04-14 |
DE1458331B1 (de) | 1970-05-21 |
GB1073590A (en) | 1967-06-28 |
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