US3281749A - Temperature-responsive current control device - Google Patents

Temperature-responsive current control device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3281749A
US3281749A US417659A US41765964A US3281749A US 3281749 A US3281749 A US 3281749A US 417659 A US417659 A US 417659A US 41765964 A US41765964 A US 41765964A US 3281749 A US3281749 A US 3281749A
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Prior art keywords
thermistor
temperature
resistance
control device
current control
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Expired - Lifetime
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US417659A
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English (en)
Inventor
Weiss Herbert
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Siemens Schuckertwerke AG
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/04—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material having negative temperature coefficient
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05D—SYSTEMS FOR CONTROLLING OR REGULATING NON-ELECTRIC VARIABLES
    • G05D23/00—Control of temperature
    • G05D23/19—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means
    • G05D23/20—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature
    • G05D23/24—Control of temperature characterised by the use of electric means with sensing elements having variation of electric or magnetic properties with change of temperature the sensing element having a resistance varying with temperature, e.g. a thermistor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10N50/00—Galvanomagnetic devices
    • H10N50/10—Magnetoresistive devices

Definitions

  • My invention relates to temperature-responsive current control devices and, in a more particular aspect, to devices in which a thermistor of semiconductor material having a pronounced dependence of its resistance on magnetic fields, is provided with means for adjusting the thermistor resistance for a given temperature with the aid of a magnetic field.
  • Thermistors are electrical resistors which exhibit a higher ohmic resistance at lower temperature than at higher temperature.
  • the resistance-temperature characteristic is substantially fixed. That is, it can be changed only by mechanical means such as changing solder connections or switching from one to another resistance tap by plugs or selected similar electrical contact devices.
  • I provide a temperature-responsive current control device with a thermistor for connection in a circuit whose current is to be thermally controlled, the thermistor being formed of galvanomagnetic semiconductor resistance material, and I further provide variable magnetic means having a field in which the semiconducting thermistor is located for magnetically adjusting the thermistor resistance with respect to a given temperature.
  • the semiconductor material of the thermistor in the described device is doped to a conductance at which the relative change of resistance in the magnetic field is virtually independent of the temperature.
  • a denotes the electron mobility of the semiconductor material of which the galvanomagnetic resistor is formed.
  • a semiconductor member operating as a thermistor can be given such a conductance that the relative change of the resistance in the magnetic field is virtually independent of the temperature. This eifect can be achieved particularly when using semiconductor A B 3,281,749 Patented Oct. 25, 1966 compounds, preferably indium antimonide (InSb) or indium arsenide (InAs).
  • a doping substance suitable for obtaining the just mentioned independence of the resistance change is zinc particularly.
  • the effective resistance of the device can be magnetically controlled so as to have a desired value for a given temperature, without requiring a change in terminal connections or other mechanical means, while securing an operational characteristic in which the temperature response of the resistance possesses the same value for any chosen value of magnetic induction B.
  • the resistance of the thermistor can be varied within available limits and in a continuous manner, if desired, without appreciably changing the dependence of the resistance upon changes in temperature.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a temperature-responsive current control device circuit of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a front view of another embodiment of a device of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a side View of the embodiment of FIG. 2;
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are explanatory graphs showing measuring results obtained with a device of the present invention.
  • a load 11 is energized by electric current which is supplied at terminals 12 and passes through a control rheostat 13.
  • the control rheostat 13 has an adjustable tap 14 which is controlled by a relay device 15.
  • the relay device 15 is energized from an auxiliary current source 16 through a thermistor 17.
  • the thermistor 17 comprises a field plate, namely an elongated resistance body, preferably supported by a suitable substrate and formed of indium antimonide, for example.
  • the thermistor 17 is mounted close to the load 11 so that it is subjected to the heat generated in the load 11 by the electric current.
  • the thermistor 17 reduces its resistance 50 that no current energizes the relay device 15. This increases the resistance of the control rheostat 13, thereby reducing the load current and lowering the temperature of the load 11.
  • the thermistor 17 is also mounted between the pole shoes of a magnetizable core 18, shown in section in FIG. 1.
  • the excitation Winding 19 of the magnetizable core 18 is connected to a current source 21 through a control resistor 22.
  • the resistor 22 permits the variation of the ampere turns of excitation, thus setting a datum value for the resistance of the thermistor 17 with respect to a given temperature.
  • a thermistor 26 mounted on a rigid substrate 27 is displaceable between the pole shoes 28 and 29 of a magnetic structure 31 which is excited by a permanent magnet 32.
  • the substrate 27 with the thermistor 26 is displaceable so as to extend more or less into the effective magnetic field of the magnet.
  • the thermistor 26, consisting of a thin semiconductor layer on the substrate plate 27, is positioned in a plane in which the magnetic lines of force pass perpendicularly through the semi-conductor layer.
  • a plurality of needle-shaped inclusions on silver strips 33 of the thermistor 26 are positioned perpendicular to both the direction of the magnetic field and the direction of current flow between terminals 34 and 35.
  • the thermistor device is shown thermally coupled with an electric load to be controlled, the heating of the thermistor may be effected in any other manner and for various other purposes in accordance with the known diversity of uses to which therrnistors, generally, have been put.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 represent curves obtained for measuring results made with an embodiment in which the thermistor proper was subjected to the field of an electromagnet whose field strength was varied substantially in the manner shown for magnet 18 in FIG. 1.
  • the embodiment of the thermistor used in the tests was equipped with an InSb thermistor doped with zinc to exhibit a conductance of approximately 100 (ohm-cm.)* Measure ments were taken at different temperatures and different magnetic fields.
  • Indium antimonide doped with zinc has a conductance equal to 100 (ohm-cm.)- if the material contains 10 zinc atoms per cm. This corresponds to a concentration of 1.9 times 10" percent zinc in indium antimonide.
  • FIG. 4 indicates as the ordinate the resistance R, in ohms, of one of the galvanomagnetic thermistors, as a function of the temperature T, indicated as the abscissa in C.
  • the curves 1 to 6 are the result of measurements made when the thermistor was subjected to magnetic fields of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and kilogauss (kg.), respectively, the magnetic field values being indicated in FIG. 4 for each of the respective curves.
  • FIG. 5 shows the measuring results ascertained at different temperatures with an embodiment of the abovedescribed InSb semiconductor doped with zinc to a conductance of approximately 100 (ohm-cm.)
  • the ordinate indicates the relative specific resistance AS/S percent as a function of the magnetic field B acting upon the thermistor, the field being plotted along the abscissa in kg.
  • the amout A9 constitutes the excess of a specific resistance above the specific resistance 3 existing when no magnetic field is applied.
  • Curve 7 was taken at a temperature T:15.2 C.
  • a similar improvement in response to magnetic fields is obtained by providing the semiconductor material with .electrically good conducting inclusions, preferably needle- .4 shaped inclusions of nickel antimonide in a semiconductor body of indium antimonide, the inclusions being oriented parallel to each other and preferably directed in the manner explained above with reference to the surface strips 33.
  • a semiconductor body with such inclusions is produced for example by melting indium antimonide together with 1.8% by weight of nickel antimonide.
  • the melt thus formed has a eutectic composition.
  • the needle-shaped inclusions of nickel antimonide segregate as a second phase out of the embedding indium antimonide as substance because they are not soluble in InSb in the solid state.
  • a temperature-responsive current control device comprising a thermistor having terminals for connection in a circuit whose current is to be thermally controlled, said thermistor comprising galvanomagnetic semicon ductor resistance material and having an electrical resistance which varies with temperature in a determined relationship, and variable magnetic means providing a field in which said thermistor is located for magnetically adjusting the electrical resistance of said thermistor at a given temperature.
  • thermoelectric device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said thermistor is formed substantially of semiconductor material from the group consisting of indium arsenide and indium antimonide and is doped with zinc, said thermistor having a rate of temperature-responsive change substantially independent of the magnetic induction in said field.
  • a temperature-responsive device as claimed in claim 1, said thermistor being formed of indium antimonide and having a multiplicity of elongated strips of metallic conductance extending on the thermistor surface parallel to each other and transverse to the direction of current flow through said thermistor.
  • thermoistor being formed of indium antimonide and having a multiplicity. of needle-shaped inclusions of nickel antimonide embedded and dispersed in the indium antimonide and extending transverse to the direction of current flow through said thermistor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Hard Magnetic Materials (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
US417659A 1963-12-14 1964-12-11 Temperature-responsive current control device Expired - Lifetime US3281749A (en)

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DES0088720 1963-12-14

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US (1) US3281749A (de)
AT (1) AT245114B (de)
BE (1) BE655166A (de)
DE (1) DE1490498C3 (de)
FR (1) FR1414433A (de)
NL (1) NL144420B (de)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3431507A (en) * 1964-09-28 1969-03-04 Siemens Ag Amplifier with temperature compensation lying in the feedback path
US3852103A (en) * 1968-07-26 1974-12-03 D Collins Raster pattern magnetoresistors
US3898359A (en) * 1974-01-15 1975-08-05 Precision Electronic Component Thin film magneto-resistors and methods of making same
DE3811893A1 (de) * 1988-04-09 1989-10-19 Eberle Gmbh Elektronischer temperaturregler mit integrierter stromueberwachungseinrichtung und mit galvanischer trennung zwischen steuer- und laststromkreis
EP0444537A1 (de) * 1990-03-02 1991-09-04 Eaton Corporation Thermostatisches Expansionsventil mit elektronischem Regler

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1066268B (de) * 1952-11-27
US2736858A (en) * 1951-07-12 1956-02-28 Siemens Ag Controllable electric resistance devices
US2778802A (en) * 1954-04-26 1957-01-22 Battelle Development Corp Intermetallic compounds of groups iii and v metals containing small amounts of nickel, cobalt or iron
DE1001378B (de) * 1955-03-30 1957-01-24 Siemens Ag Elektrisches Halbleitergeraet
US2858275A (en) * 1954-12-23 1958-10-28 Siemens Ag Mixed-crystal semiconductor devices
US2894234A (en) * 1959-07-07 Electric variable resistance devices
DE1069755B (de) * 1959-11-26
US2924633A (en) * 1954-03-27 1960-02-09 Siemens Ag Ignition system for internal combustion engines
GB863104A (en) * 1956-02-27 1961-03-15 Siemens Ag An electric circuit including a power thermistor

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2894234A (en) * 1959-07-07 Electric variable resistance devices
DE1069755B (de) * 1959-11-26
US2736858A (en) * 1951-07-12 1956-02-28 Siemens Ag Controllable electric resistance devices
DE1066268B (de) * 1952-11-27
US2924633A (en) * 1954-03-27 1960-02-09 Siemens Ag Ignition system for internal combustion engines
US2778802A (en) * 1954-04-26 1957-01-22 Battelle Development Corp Intermetallic compounds of groups iii and v metals containing small amounts of nickel, cobalt or iron
US2858275A (en) * 1954-12-23 1958-10-28 Siemens Ag Mixed-crystal semiconductor devices
DE1001378B (de) * 1955-03-30 1957-01-24 Siemens Ag Elektrisches Halbleitergeraet
GB863104A (en) * 1956-02-27 1961-03-15 Siemens Ag An electric circuit including a power thermistor

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3431507A (en) * 1964-09-28 1969-03-04 Siemens Ag Amplifier with temperature compensation lying in the feedback path
US3852103A (en) * 1968-07-26 1974-12-03 D Collins Raster pattern magnetoresistors
US3898359A (en) * 1974-01-15 1975-08-05 Precision Electronic Component Thin film magneto-resistors and methods of making same
DE3811893A1 (de) * 1988-04-09 1989-10-19 Eberle Gmbh Elektronischer temperaturregler mit integrierter stromueberwachungseinrichtung und mit galvanischer trennung zwischen steuer- und laststromkreis
EP0444537A1 (de) * 1990-03-02 1991-09-04 Eaton Corporation Thermostatisches Expansionsventil mit elektronischem Regler

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE655166A (de) 1965-03-01
DE1490498A1 (de) 1969-07-10
NL144420B (nl) 1974-12-16
DE1490498C3 (de) 1974-01-24
NL6412480A (de) 1965-06-15
FR1414433A (fr) 1965-10-15
DE1490498B2 (de) 1973-07-05
AT245114B (de) 1966-02-10

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