US3281725A - Filter for electrical waves using plural resonators having similar dominant responseand different spurious response - Google Patents

Filter for electrical waves using plural resonators having similar dominant responseand different spurious response Download PDF

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Publication number
US3281725A
US3281725A US219563A US21956362A US3281725A US 3281725 A US3281725 A US 3281725A US 219563 A US219563 A US 219563A US 21956362 A US21956362 A US 21956362A US 3281725 A US3281725 A US 3281725A
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resonators
filter
resonator
oscillations
mechanical
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Expired - Lifetime
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US219563A
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English (en)
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Albsmeier Hans
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Siemens and Halske AG
Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
    • H03H9/46—Filters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
    • H03H9/46—Filters
    • H03H9/48—Coupling means therefor
    • H03H9/50—Mechanical coupling means

Definitions

  • the invention disclosed herein is concerned with a filter for electrical waves, comprising serially coupled mechanical resonators and at least one electrostrictive transformation system for the transformation of electrical oscillations into mechanical oscillations and vice versa.
  • the transformation system may also be referred to as transformator.
  • Mechanical resonators always have numerous inherent frequencies which can be due to longitudinal oscillations, bending oscillations, shearing oscillations or torsional oscillations. Mechanical filters constructed with the aid of such resonators therefore often have in practical use respectively several pass ranges and disturbing attenuation break throughs. In a mechanical filter constructed with the aid of longitudinal mode resonators, difficulties of this kind, which were due to bending oscillations of a resonator, were remedied by securing on the resonators attenuation material for the bending oscillations.
  • the object underlying the invention has to do with reducing the influence of the undesired inherent resonances which lie outside the desired working frequency of the individual resonator, the reduction of this influence being effected in a manner which is less disturbing with respect to the oscillations of the desired working frequency, and which is also applicable in cases in which the disturbing oscillations are due to the same oscillation type as the kind of oscillations involved in producing the working frequency.
  • This object is according to the invention realized, in connection with the initially indicated filter for the electrical waves, comprising mutually coupled mechanical resonators, by constructing the resonators differently, so that the inherent frequency of the individual resonator lies in the working frequency range which is specified for the filter, while the further inherent frequencies of the individual resonators are difl erent.
  • resonators as bending oscillators of advantage to diiferently load the individual resonators at least at one end thereof, especially by means of material differing from the resonator material, and to select the dimensions (thickness and/or length) of the individual resonators together with the different loadings, so that the inherent frequency of the individual resonator, which frequency is intended as the working frequency, lies in the specified working frequency range of the corresponding filter.
  • resonators constructed as longitudinal oscillators to form at least some individual resonators, preferably those provided with a transformation member, so that the ratio of diameter to length thereof is different as compared with the remaining resonators. It is thereby desirable, upon constructing the resonators as longitudinal oscillators and having a plurality of electrostrictive transformation members, to make the ratio between the material of the transformation members and the resonator material different.
  • the resonator loading can be effected in diverse manner.
  • parts of the resonator can be made of different material.
  • Another possibility which may also be used additionally in given cases, resides in making the resonator of a given material and to change the cross-sectional area thereof at some places, for example, enlarging the cross-section at the ends of the corresponding resonator.
  • FIG. 1 shows an electromechanical filter two mechanical resonators 1 and 2;
  • FIG. 2 shows the pass or conduction characteristic of a filter
  • FIG. 3 shows-an example of a resonator provided with electrostrictive material.
  • the two mechanical resonators 1 and 2 act as longitudinal mode oscillators, such resonators being mechanically coupled over a coupling bridge 3.
  • the system is secured in a suitable housing (not shown), by means of holding wires 4 which grip the respective resonators along a node line of the longitudinal oscillation, the coupling member 3 likewise extending along such node line.
  • the filter is by means of transformation members operated as a quadrupole.
  • the transformation members are electrostrictive ceramic members which are made in the form of blocks 5, 5' and 6, 6 and fastened to the ends of the respective resonators which are made of steel and jointly correspond to the outline of an H.
  • the respective blocks 5, 5' and 6, 6' are metallized at the ends thereof which face away from the respective resonators, terminal wires 7, 7' and 8, 8' extending from the blocks.
  • the terminal wires are very thin so as to avoid affecting the longitudinal oscillations.
  • the triggering of the filter is effected, for example, over the terminal wires 7, 7' with respect to the metallic holding wire 4, by supplying the wires 7,7 in phase with respect to the holding wire 4.
  • These transformation members operate in a manner similar to a reactive force drive, since the electrostrictive material 5, 5 contacts and expands in timing with the frequency of the supplied alternating voltage, whereby the first resonator, comprising the parts 5, 2 and 5' is upon coincidence of the triggering frequency with an inherent frequency, triggered to oscillate.
  • the resonator 1, 6, 6 is in similar manner provided with transformation means having the connections 8, 8' and 4 which serve as filter output terminals.
  • the filter which has a desired pass frequency of about 60 kilocycles, a pass frequency such as shown in FIG. 2 in prominent lines.
  • the frequency f is thereby plotted along the abscissa and the transmission attenuation a is plotted along the ordinate.
  • further pass comprising ranges between about 170 and 180 kilocycles and also in the vicinity of 290 kilocycles.
  • the pass characteristics may "be caused to assume the course, likewise indicated in FIG. 2, by the use of a simple expedient, namely, by the provision of resonators 1 and 2 of different length L and L and also by the pro.- vision of electrostrictive material, cooperatively associated with these resonators, having different lengths L and L (see FIG. 1).
  • the previously mentioned disturbing resonances (parts A in the graph) have practically disappeared and are somewhat shifted in frequency, and the resonances (parts B in the graph) are now considerably less active.
  • the graph represented in FIG. 2 shows measurement results obtained with a filter in which the resonator 1, 6, 6' had a ratio of electristrictive ceramic to steel, of 0.3 while the corresponding ratio was 0.4 in the case of the resonator comprising the parts 2, 5, 5'.
  • the qualities of the two resonators differed negligibly but there was obtained a very considerable reduction of the disturbing attenuation disruptions.
  • the scale along the ordinate represents the transmission attenuation of the two-circuit filter in neper. In the desired pass range there results the characteristic which is also indicated in FIG. 2. As will be seen, only the odd numbered harmonic waves are contained in the characteristic. The even numbered harmonic waves are avoided due to the symmetrical input and output at the individual resonators.
  • the teaching of the invention is analogously to the longitudinal mode oscillators, likewise applicable in connection with bending oscillators, torsion oscillators and shearing oscillators.
  • the triggering is appropriately effected by the use of electrostrictive material disposed in the oscillation center.
  • This material can be provided, for example, in the case of a beam-shaped bending oscillator, on one side or on both sides thereof.
  • An example of such a resonator is shown in FIG. 3, comprising resonators 1 and 2 having electrostrictive blocks 5 and 6 disposed thereon.
  • the teaching according to the invention is also applicable, for example, in cases in which several electromechanical filters which are constructed as dipoles are between a plurality of amplifier stages separately interposed and form together with the amplified stages a selective amplifier.
  • the invention is likewise applicable in connection with a plural part filter, according to FIG. 1, in which is provided only one cooperative transformation system, for example, the system comprising the parts 7, 7 and 4, whereby such filter is used in a circuit in the manner similar to a dipole.
  • a filter for electrical waves comprising a plurality of mechanical resonators coupled with one another, an electrostrictive transformer for the transformation of electrical oscillations to mechanical oscillations, and an electrostrictive transformer for the transformation from mechanical oscillations to electrical oscillations, said resonators being so dimensioned that a frequency of each individual resonator lies in the specified working frequenc range of the filter, while the other inherent frequencies of at least some of the individual resonators are different, at least two of said resonators having zones consisting of different materials, the zones on one resonator having a different design from that of the zones on another resonator, so that the said two resonators, while having desired dominant responses at similar frequencies, have corresponding spurious responses at non-similar frequencies.
  • a filter according to claim 1 wherein for each resonator having said zones, one zone is formed by the resonator material proper and the other zone comprises electrostrictive material forming an electrostrictive transformer.
  • a filter according to claim 2 wherein the zones of one of such resonators have dimensions which differ from corresponding zones of another resonator.
  • resonators are constructed as bending oscillators and said zones of electrostrictive material are disposed intermediate the ends of the respective resonators.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
US219563A 1961-09-28 1962-08-27 Filter for electrical waves using plural resonators having similar dominant responseand different spurious response Expired - Lifetime US3281725A (en)

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DES0075989 1961-09-28

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US3281725A true US3281725A (en) 1966-10-25

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US (1) US3281725A (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png)
BE (1) BE622952A (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png)
CH (1) CH406469A (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png)
DE (1) DE1616685B1 (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png)
GB (1) GB1019246A (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png)
NL (1) NL283445A (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png)
SE (1) SE316849B (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3437849A (en) * 1966-11-21 1969-04-08 Motorola Inc Temperature compensation of electrical devices
US3515914A (en) * 1966-09-26 1970-06-02 Straumann Inst Ag Mechanical oscillator including a torsion bar
US3546500A (en) * 1968-05-29 1970-12-08 Bulova Watch Co Inc Elastic resonator for timekeeping instruments
US3714475A (en) * 1966-07-15 1973-01-30 H Eng Corp Resonator having counter rotating rigid parts
US4006437A (en) * 1975-06-27 1977-02-01 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Frequency filter
US4233579A (en) * 1979-06-06 1980-11-11 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Technique for suppressing spurious resonances in strip transmission line circuits
US4368402A (en) * 1980-07-02 1983-01-11 Fuji Electrochemical Co., Ltd. H-Type ceramic resonator

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2520985C3 (de) * 1975-05-12 1981-07-30 Kievskij politechničeskeskij institut 50-letija Velikoj Oktjabrskoj Sozialističeskoj Revoljuzii, Kiev Piezoelektrischer Spannungs- und Stromtransformator

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2443471A (en) * 1945-03-29 1948-06-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Piezoelectric damping means for mechanical vibrations
US2695357A (en) * 1951-04-19 1954-11-23 Rca Corp Frequency conversion apparatus
US2814785A (en) * 1955-07-29 1957-11-26 Rca Corp Electromechanical filter
US2948367A (en) * 1958-12-04 1960-08-09 Salvatore R Uglietto Interlocking siding
US3015789A (en) * 1956-04-23 1962-01-02 Toyotsushinki Kabushiki Kaisha Mechanical filter
US3064213A (en) * 1959-08-14 1962-11-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electromechanical wave transmission systems
US3078427A (en) * 1958-05-30 1963-02-19 Siemens Ag Electromechanical filter with piezoelectric drive

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE912709C (de) * 1939-12-06 1954-06-03 Zeiss Carl Fa Piezoelektrische Resonatoreinrichtung
CH267210A (de) * 1948-06-03 1950-03-15 Hasler Ag Verfahren zur magnetomechanischen Energieumsetzung.
BE483369A (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png) * 1948-07-03
US2617882A (en) * 1950-05-29 1952-11-11 Rca Corp Maximal flatness filter
US2877432A (en) * 1957-01-08 1959-03-10 Clevite Corp Electromechanical filter elements
GB846999A (en) * 1958-03-03 1960-09-07 Marconi Wireless Telegraph Co Improvements in or relating to electro-mechanical high frequency filters

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2443471A (en) * 1945-03-29 1948-06-15 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Piezoelectric damping means for mechanical vibrations
US2695357A (en) * 1951-04-19 1954-11-23 Rca Corp Frequency conversion apparatus
US2814785A (en) * 1955-07-29 1957-11-26 Rca Corp Electromechanical filter
US3015789A (en) * 1956-04-23 1962-01-02 Toyotsushinki Kabushiki Kaisha Mechanical filter
US3078427A (en) * 1958-05-30 1963-02-19 Siemens Ag Electromechanical filter with piezoelectric drive
US2948367A (en) * 1958-12-04 1960-08-09 Salvatore R Uglietto Interlocking siding
US3064213A (en) * 1959-08-14 1962-11-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electromechanical wave transmission systems

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3714475A (en) * 1966-07-15 1973-01-30 H Eng Corp Resonator having counter rotating rigid parts
US3515914A (en) * 1966-09-26 1970-06-02 Straumann Inst Ag Mechanical oscillator including a torsion bar
US3437849A (en) * 1966-11-21 1969-04-08 Motorola Inc Temperature compensation of electrical devices
US3546500A (en) * 1968-05-29 1970-12-08 Bulova Watch Co Inc Elastic resonator for timekeeping instruments
US4006437A (en) * 1975-06-27 1977-02-01 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Frequency filter
US4233579A (en) * 1979-06-06 1980-11-11 Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated Technique for suppressing spurious resonances in strip transmission line circuits
US4368402A (en) * 1980-07-02 1983-01-11 Fuji Electrochemical Co., Ltd. H-Type ceramic resonator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1019246A (en) 1966-02-02
BE622952A (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png)
SE316849B (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png) 1969-11-03
CH406469A (de) 1966-01-31
NL283445A (US06312121-20011106-C00033.png)
DE1616685B1 (de) 1970-02-05

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