US3267912A - Method of and apparatus for influencing the rate of feedwater supply to forced flow steam generators - Google Patents

Method of and apparatus for influencing the rate of feedwater supply to forced flow steam generators Download PDF

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Publication number
US3267912A
US3267912A US378775A US37877564A US3267912A US 3267912 A US3267912 A US 3267912A US 378775 A US378775 A US 378775A US 37877564 A US37877564 A US 37877564A US 3267912 A US3267912 A US 3267912A
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Prior art keywords
temperature
steam
rate
evaporator
pressure
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US378775A
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English (en)
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Laubli Fritz
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Sulzer AG
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Sulzer AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B35/00—Control systems for steam boilers
    • F22B35/06—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type
    • F22B35/10—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type
    • F22B35/102—Control systems for steam boilers for steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type operating with fixed point of final state of complete evaporation, e.g. in a steam-water separator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
    • F22D11/00—Feed-water supply not provided for in other main groups

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method of and apparatus for influencing the rate of feedwater supply to forced flow steam generators having water separators.
  • the reference input signal in the aforedescribed method is the temperature of a tube of the evaporating section of the forced flow steam generator which tube is so operated as to produce slightly superheated steam.
  • the set point for the temperature of the steam leaving a tube of the evaporator which tube is operated to produce slightly superheated steam is influenced by a signal which depends at least on the steam pressure measured in the neighborhood of a water separator which is arranged immediately downstream of the evaporator.
  • the set point is additionally influenced by a signal which depends at least on one temperature which is measured in the evaporator upstream of the location where evaporation of the operating medium begins.
  • disturbing influences which are caused by changes of the temperature upstream or within the zone wherein the operating medium is evaporated are used to advantage for forming the set point for the temperature at the outlet of the evaporator tube which is operated to produce slightly superheated steam and for thereby maintaining a constant moisture content of the steam in the water separator.
  • the aforesaid set point is reduced upon increasing temperature upsteam of or within the evaporating Zone.
  • a pressure-sensitive device is arranged in the neighborhood of the water separator and a temperature-sensitive device is placed at the outlet of a tube of the evaporator which is operated to produce slightly superheated steam. Both devices are operatively connected to a regulator for influencing the rate of feedwater supply to the evaporator.
  • At least one temperature-sensitive device is additionally provided at a location in the evaporator upstream of the point where evaporation of the operating medium begins. This additional temperature-sensitive device influences the set point for the temperature of the steam at the outlet of the tube of the evaporator which is operated to produce slightly superheated steam.
  • a function transmitter is used for forming the set point for the outlet temperature of at least one of the evaporator tubes which is operated to produce slightly superheated steam.
  • the input side of this transmitter is operatively connected to a pressure-sensitive device placed in the neighborhood of the water separator and is also operatively connected to a temperature sensitive device which is placed upstream of the location where evaporation of the operating medium in the evaporator begins.
  • the regulator to which the pressure-sensitive device located in the neighborhood of the water separator and the temperature-sensitive device measuring the tempera ture at the outlet of an evaporating tube are operatively connected preferably has a proportional-integral-derivative character.
  • the output signal of this regulator may be used as set point signal for an additional control circuit which controls the rate of feedwater supply of the forced flow steam generator.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic part-sectional illustration of a control arrangement according to the invention and shows parts of a forced fiow steam generator essential for the arrangement according to the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a modified control arrangement according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammaic part-sectional illustration of a further embodiment of a control arrangement accord ing to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of a portion of a forced flow steam generator into which water is fed by afeed pump 1 through a feed valve 2.
  • the generator comprises an economizer 3, an evaporator 4, a collector 5 at the outlet of the evaporator, a water separator 6, a preliminary superheater 7, and a final superheater 8 wherefrom steam is conducted to a consumer, not shown, through a pipe 9;.
  • the evaporator 4 comprises a plurality of tubes arranged in parallel relation with respect to the flow of operating medium therethrough. Flow of oper-at ing medium through one of the evaporating tubes, which is designated by numeral 18, is throttled by means of a valve 11.
  • the temperature at the outlet portion of the tube 18 is measured by means of a temperature-sensitive device 12.
  • the pressure in the collector 5 is measured by means of a spring-biased piston 13 which adjusts the position of a groove cam 14.
  • a cam follower roller 19 is movable in the groove of the cam 14 and connected to the end of a two-arm lever 15 on the second end of which acts the temperature-sensitive device 12.
  • the fulcrum of the two-arm lever 15 is mounted to the end of a piston rod connected to the end of a pilot valve 16 which controls flow of an actuating fluid to and from a piston 17. The latter is operatively connected to the feed valve 2 for actuating the feed valve.
  • the pressure in the collector 5 produces by way of the groove cam 14 a set point for the temperature which is measured by the device 12. If, for example, at unchanged temperature at the outlet of the tube 18 the pressure in the collector rises, the piston 13 moves to the right as indicated by arrow +p in FIG. 1. This causes clockwise swinging of the groove cam and movement of the roller 19 to the right in FIG. 1. Consequently, the piston valve 16 also moves to the right so that pressure fluid can flow (central arrow 21) to the left or front side of the piston 17 whereby the feed valve 2 is moved in a closing direction. If it is assumed that the pressure in the collector 5 is not changed and the temperature measured by the device 12 rises, the lower end of the lever 15 moves to the left as seen in FIG.
  • the pressure may be measured at the outlet of an evaporator tube, in the steam space of the liquid separator 6 or in the pipe connecting the liquid separator to the preliminary superheater 7, instead of measuring the pressure in the collector 5.
  • the feedwater passes through a feed valve 2 into a preheater 21 and therefrom into an evaporator 4.
  • the effluent of the evaporator flows into a water separator 6.
  • the part of the operating medium not removed from the generator through the water separator flows consecutively through a preliminary superheater 7, a final superheater and therefrom to a steam consumer, not shown.
  • a restrictor is arranged downstream of the feed valve 2 and operatively connected to a device 22 for producing a signal corresponding to the flow rate of the feedwater. This signal is supplied through a conduit 23 to a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) regulator 24 which produces a set point for a motor operator 25 which actuates 4. the feed valve 2.
  • PID proportional-integral-derivative
  • the set point of the quick-acting control circuit 20, 22, 24, 25, 2 is supplied from a PID regulator 26 which compares the actual value of the controlled variable, i.e., the temperature measured at the outlet of a tube 27 forming part of the evaporator 4 by means of a temperature-sensitive device 12 with a set point value produced by a function transmitter 30. If the temperature sensed by the device 12 is too high the regulator 26 transmits a set point signal to the regulator 24 which causes increase of the rate of feedwater supply.
  • the set point signal which is produced by the function transmitter 30 is dependent on a signal produced by a device 31 which senses the pressure at the outlet of the tube 27.
  • the signal produced by the device 30 also depends on the temperature at an intermediate point of one of the tubes of the evaporator 4 measured by a device 32 and on the temperature of the feedwater entering the evaporator 4 and measured by a device 33.
  • the device 31 measures the pressure in the tube 27 close to the location where the temperature is measured by the device 12.
  • the locations where temperatures are measured by the devices 32 and 33 are upstream of the location where the operating medium is evaporated.
  • the temperature of the steam leaving the final superheater 8 which is measured by a temperature-sensitive device 40 is controlled in the conventional manner by injecting 'feedwater into the steam passing from the preliminary superheater 7 to the final superheater 8.
  • FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the invention.
  • a device 12 measures the temperature at the outlet end of evaporator tube 29.
  • a spring-biased piston 30" is moved by the temperature-sensitive device 12 according to the measured temperature.
  • the piston 30 controls ports for admitting and releasing a pressure fluid to and from a cylinder 28 wherein the piston 30" is movable (arrows 30).
  • the piston 39" When the piston 39" is in rest position the pressure in the cylinder counterbalances the pressure of spring 32' tending to press the piston 36 into the cylinder 28.
  • the latter is connected by a pipe 34 to a servomotor cylinder 51) containing a spring-biased piston 35.
  • the position of the piston 35 depends on the pressure of the pressure fluid in the cylinders 28 and 50.
  • a cam means or shaped body 51 is connected to the piston 35 by a rod 36 for axial displacement of the body 51 upon movement of the piston 35.
  • the pressure of a pressure fluid controlled by the pressure measured by the device 31 (FIG. 2) in the neighborhood of the separator 6 is conducted to the cylinder 52 through a conduit 53 and acts on a springbiased piston 37 reciprocable in the cylinder 52.
  • a change of the pressure in the conduit 53 causes movement of the piston 37 which movement is transmitted to the rod 36 by means of a linkage 38, 39 for rotating the body 51.
  • a follower roller 55 is pressed onto the cam surface of the body 51 by means of a spring 45.
  • the roller 55 is operatively connected to one end of a twoarm lever 56.
  • the fulcrum of the lever 56 is formed by the flee end of a piston rod 42 of a servomotor 57 which is hydraulically connected to a temperaturesensitive device, for example 32 or 33 in FIG. 2.
  • the second end of the lever 56 is connected to a pilot valve 60 which controls supply and release of a pressure fluid to and from a servomotor 61.
  • the latter includes a piston provided with a piston rod 44 which acts through an angle lever 62 on the feed valve 2 and which also acts on a fuel control device 65 for controlling the fire intensity or rate of fuel supply to the steam generator.
  • An increase of the steam pressure in the neighborhood of the water separator 6 causes upward movement of the piston 37 of the servomotor 52 and revolving of the body 51 in clockwise direction. The result is a downward movernent of the roller 55 and counterclockwise swinging of the lever 56. This causes an upward movement of the pilot valve 60 and of the piston of the servomotor 61. The feed valve 2 is thereby moved in closing direction and the fuel valve 65 in opening direction.
  • An increase of the temperature at the location upstream of the location where the operating medium is evaporated causes a downward movement of the piston of the servomotor 57 and a downward movement of the fulcrum of the lever 56 and of the pilot valve 69 and of the piston of the servomotor 61. This etfects an increase of the rate of feed- Water supply and a reduction of the rate of fuel supply.
  • the function transmitter 30 produces a signal depending on the temperatures of the operating medium at the locations 32, 33 upstream of the evaporation of the operating medium and depending on the pressure measured by the device 31 in the neighborhood of the water separator 6.
  • This signal forms the set point for the temperature of the slightly superheated steam at the outlet of the throttled evaporator tube 2
  • the arrangement shown in KG. 3 may be interpreted as producing a set point for the temperature at a location upstream of the evaporation of the operating fluid by means of the function transmitter 51 in dependence on the temperature at the outlet of the throttled tube 27 and in dependence on the pressure measured by the device 31 in the neighborhood of the water separator 6.
  • a method of influencing the rate of feedwater supply to a forced flow steam generator including means for reguiating the rate of feedwater supply to the steam generator, an evaporator composed of a plurality of tubes arranged in parallel relation with respect to the flow of operating medium therethrough, one of said tubes being provided with a throttling means and being operated to produce slightly superheated steam, the others of said tubes being operated to produce substantially saturated steam, and a water separator arranged downstream of said evaporator, the method comprising:
  • a method of influencing the rate of feedwater sup ply to a forced flow steam generator including means for regulating the rate of feedwater supply to the steam generator, an evaporator composed of a plurality of tubes arranged in parallel relation with respect to the flow of operating medium therethrough, one of said tubes being provided with a throttling means and being operated to produce slightly superheated steam, the others of said tubes being operated to produce substantially saturated steam, and a water separator arranged downstream of said evaporator, the method comprising:
  • a forced flow steam generator having an evaporator, means for supplying feedwater thereto, said evaporator comprising a plurality of tubes arranged in parallel relation with respect to the flow of operating medium therethrough, one of said tubes having an outlet portion and a throttling means for delivering slightly superheated steam through said outlet portion, the others of said tubes delivering substantially saturated steam, and conduit means connected to said evaporator for receiving operating medium therefrom, said conduit means including a Water separator:
  • thermosensitive means connected to said outlet portion for producing a signal corresponding to the temperature of the steam delivered through said outlet portion
  • pressure-sensitive means connected to said conduit means for producing a signal corresponding to the pressure of the steam adjacent said separator
  • said feedwater supply means including means for influencing the rate of feedwater supply to said evaporator
  • said last mentioned means being operatively connected to said signal combining means for receiving the combined signal therefrom and for actuation by said combined signal, for increasing the rate of feedwater supply upon an increase of the temperature and for decreasing the rate of feedwater supply upon an increase of the pressure, and conversely.
  • said signal combining means includes means for combining said signals in predetermined proportions.
  • a forced flow steam generator having an evaporator, means for supplying feedwater thereto, said evaporator comprising a plurality of tubes arranged in parallel relation with respect to the flow of operating medium therethrough, one of said tubes having an outlet portion and a throttling means for delivering slightly superheated steam through said outlet portion,
  • conduit means connected to said evaporator for receiving operating medium therefrom, said conduit means including a Water separator:
  • thermosensitive means connected to said outlet portion for producing a signal corresponding to the temperature of the steam delivered through said outlet portion
  • pressure-sensitive means connected to said conduit means for producing a signal corresponding to the pressure of the steam adjacent said separator
  • second temperature-sensitive means connected to said evaporator upstream, with respect to the flow of the operating medium, of the location Where evaporation of the operating medium begins, for producing an additional temperature-corresponding signal
  • said feedwater supply means including means for infiuencing the rate of feedwater supply to said evaporator,
  • said last mentioned means being operatively connected to said signal combining means for receiving the combined signal therefrom and for actuation by said combined signal, for increasing the rate of feedwater supply upon an increase of the first mentioned temperature and of the additional temperature and for decreasing the rate of feedwater supply upon an increasing of the pressure, and conversely.
  • a forced flow steam generator having an evaporator, means for supplying feedWater thereto, said evaporator comprising a plurality of tubes arranged in parallel relation with respect to the flow of operating medium therethrou-gh, one of said tubes having an outlet portion and a throttling means for delivering slightly superheated steam through said outlet portion, the others of said tubes delivering substantially saturated steam, and conduit means connected to said evaporator for receiving operating medium therefrom, said conduit means including a Water separator:
  • thermosensitive means connected to said outlet portion for producing a signal corresponding to the temperature of the steam delivered through said outlet portion
  • pressure-sensitive means connected to said conduit means for producing a signal corresponding to the pressure of the steam adjacent said separator
  • second temperature-sensitive means connected to said evaporator upstream, with respect to the flow of the operating medium, of the location Where evaporation of the operating medium begins, for producing an additional temperaturecorresponding signal
  • a function transmitter operatively connected to said second temperature-sensitive means and to said pressure-sensitive means for receiving signals therefrom and producing a combined signal
  • said feedwater supply means including means for measuring the rate of flow of feedwater, and means for influencing the rate of feedwater supply to said evaporator,
  • said means for influencing the rate of feedwater supply to the steam generator being connected to said measuring means and to said last mentioned combining means for receiving said set point signal therefrom and for increasing the rate of feedwater supply upon an increase of said set point signal, and conversely.
  • a forced flow steam generator having an evaporator, means for supplying feedwater thereto, said evaporator comprising a plurality of tubes arranged in parallel relation with respect to the flow of operating medium therethrough, one of said tubes having an outlet portion and a throttling means for delivering slightly superheated steam through said outlet portion, the others of said tubes delivering substantially saturated steam, and conduit means connected to said evaporator for receiving operating medium therefrom, said conduit means including a Water separator:
  • thermosensitive means connected to said outlet portion for producing a signal corresponding to the temperature of the steam delivered through said outlet portion
  • pressure-sensitive means connected to said conduit means for producing a signal corresponding to the pressure of the steam adjacent said separator
  • second temperature-sensitive means connected to said evaporator upstream, with respect to the flow of the operating medium, of the location Where evaporation of the operating medium begins, for producing an additional temperature-corresponding signal
  • a function transmitter operatively connected to said second temperature-sensitive means and to said pressure-sensitive means for receiving signals therefrom and producing a combined signal
  • said feedwater supply means including means for measuring the rate of flow of feedwater, means for influencing the rate of feedwater supply to said evaporator, a motor operator for said rate of feedwater supply influencing means, and a regulator for said motor operator,
  • said regulator being connected to said measuring means and to said combining means for receiving said set point signal therefrom and for actuation by said set point signal for increasing the rate of feedwater supply upon an increase of said set point signal, and conversely.
  • a forced flow steam generator having an evaporator, means for supplying feedwater thereto, said evaporator comprising a plurality of tubes arranged in parallel relation with respect to the flow of operating medium therethrough, one of said tubes having an outlet portion and a throttling means for delivering slightly superheated steam through said outlet portion, the others of said tubes delivering substantially saturated steam, and conduit means connected to said evaporator for receiving operating medium therefrom, said conduit means including a Water separator:
  • thermosensitive means connected to said outlet portion for producing a signal correspondingto the temperature of the steam delivered through said outlet portion
  • pressure-sensitive means connected to said conduit means for producing a signal corresponding to the pressure of the steam adjacent said separator
  • sec oud-temperature-sensitive means connected to said evaporator at a point upstream of the location where evaporation of the operating medium begins for producing a signal corresponding to the temperature of the operating medium before evaporation thereof begins
  • a function transmitter operatively connected to said pressure-sensitive means and to said first temperature-sensitive means for receiving the respective signals and for producing a signal therefrom, and
  • said feedwater supply means including means for measuring the rate of flow of feedwater and means for influencing the rate of feedWater supply to said ev p rator,
  • said last mentioned means including a motor operator and a regulator therefor
  • said regulator being operatively connected to said measuring means and to said combining means for receiving said set point signal therefrom and for actuation by said set point signal for increasing the feedwater supply upon an increase of said set point signal, and conversely.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
  • Tea And Coffee (AREA)
US378775A 1963-07-04 1964-06-29 Method of and apparatus for influencing the rate of feedwater supply to forced flow steam generators Expired - Lifetime US3267912A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH833263A CH404691A (de) 1963-07-04 1963-07-04 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beeinflussung der Speisewassermenge bei Zwanglaufdampferzeugern

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US3267912A true US3267912A (en) 1966-08-23

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US (1) US3267912A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE649961A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH404691A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1241461B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES301540A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB998758A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL296814A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5676713A (en) * 1993-09-28 1997-10-14 Hitachi, Ltd. Method of fuel gasification and an apparatus for performing such a method
US6990930B2 (en) 2003-05-23 2006-01-31 Acs Engineering Technologies Inc. Steam generation apparatus and method

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3450105A (en) * 1967-06-19 1969-06-17 Phillips Petroleum Co Temperature balancing of multipass heat exchanger flows

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1975104A (en) * 1931-12-12 1934-10-02 Bailey Meter Co Control for vapor generators
US3134367A (en) * 1957-07-31 1964-05-26 Siemens Ag Regulating system for once-through boilers
US3168075A (en) * 1960-08-26 1965-02-02 Sulzer Ag Method and apparatus for controlling operation of forced flow critical and supercritical pressure steam generators
US3189008A (en) * 1963-08-21 1965-06-15 Combustion Eng Method and apparatus for controlling a vapor generator operating at supercritical pressure

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB245988A (en) * 1925-04-24 1926-01-21 Alfred Dunkley Improvements in or relating to hot water bottles
DE656310C (de) * 1933-11-12 1938-02-02 Henschel & Sohn G M B H Einrichtung zum Regeln des Betriebes von Roehrenschnelldampferzeugern
DE716196C (de) * 1938-04-01 1942-01-14 Askania Werke Ag Vorrichtung zur selbsttaetigen Regelung der Brennstoff- und der Speisewasserzufuh bei Dampfkesseln in Abhaengigkeit von der Kesselbelastung
BE555535A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1956-03-06
CH367836A (de) * 1959-05-27 1963-03-15 Sulzer Ag Verfahren zum Regeln der Speisemenge eines Zwangdurchlaufdampferzeugers und Einrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1975104A (en) * 1931-12-12 1934-10-02 Bailey Meter Co Control for vapor generators
US3134367A (en) * 1957-07-31 1964-05-26 Siemens Ag Regulating system for once-through boilers
US3168075A (en) * 1960-08-26 1965-02-02 Sulzer Ag Method and apparatus for controlling operation of forced flow critical and supercritical pressure steam generators
US3189008A (en) * 1963-08-21 1965-06-15 Combustion Eng Method and apparatus for controlling a vapor generator operating at supercritical pressure

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5676713A (en) * 1993-09-28 1997-10-14 Hitachi, Ltd. Method of fuel gasification and an apparatus for performing such a method
US6990930B2 (en) 2003-05-23 2006-01-31 Acs Engineering Technologies Inc. Steam generation apparatus and method
US20060065213A1 (en) * 2003-05-23 2006-03-30 Acs Engineering Technologies Inc. Steam generation apparatus and method

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Publication number Publication date
BE649961A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1965-01-04
NL296814A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES301540A1 (es) 1962-12-16
CH404691A (de) 1965-12-31
DE1241461B (de) 1967-06-01
GB998758A (en) 1965-07-21

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