US3263155A - Voltage regulator for generators - Google Patents

Voltage regulator for generators Download PDF

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Publication number
US3263155A
US3263155A US269361A US26936163A US3263155A US 3263155 A US3263155 A US 3263155A US 269361 A US269361 A US 269361A US 26936163 A US26936163 A US 26936163A US 3263155 A US3263155 A US 3263155A
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Prior art keywords
generator
main transistor
voltage
collector
base
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Expired - Lifetime
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US269361A
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English (en)
Inventor
Dietl Franz
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H7/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions
    • H02H7/06—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric generators; for synchronous capacitors
    • H02H7/065—Emergency protective circuit arrangements specially adapted for specific types of electric machines or apparatus or for sectionalised protection of cable or line systems, and effecting automatic switching in the event of an undesired change from normal working conditions for dynamo-electric generators; for synchronous capacitors against excitation faults
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00304—Overcurrent protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0029—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries with safety or protection devices or circuits
    • H02J7/00308—Overvoltage protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
    • H02J7/16—Regulation of the charging current or voltage by variation of field

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a voltage regulator for a self-excited generator having a shunt exciter winding and being operable at greatly varying speeds as is particularly the case where a generator is operated on a vehicle and with a speed depending upon the traveling speed or on the engine speed of the vehicle.
  • the present invention is an improvement of known voltage arrangements of the type set forth.
  • the ex-citer winding is connected at one of its two ends with the collector electrode of a main transistor forming part of the regulator and is supplied intermittent-1y or periodically with current via the emitter-collector circuit of the main transistor.
  • the base electrode of the main transistor is connected with the other end of the exciter winding via a baseresistor, and for controlling the main transistor depending upon the varying output voltage of the generator a control transi'stor'is provided the base electrode of which is so connected with an output of the generator that it carries a potential proportional to the output voltage.
  • the invention includes a voltage regulator for a self-exoited generator having a shunt exc-iter winding and being operatable at greatly varying speeds which comprises, in the first place, main transistor means having a collector, an emitter, and a base electrode, arranged for controlling the exciter current of the generator, the collector-emitter circuit of the transistor being connected in series with one of the shunt exciter winding.
  • main transistor means having a collector, an emitter, and a base electrode, arranged for controlling the exciter current of the generator, the collector-emitter circuit of the transistor being connected in series with one of the shunt exciter winding.
  • the regulator arrangement further comprises control transistor means having also a collector, an emitter and a base rendering the main transistor conductive when the output voltage is inferior to that predetermined value.
  • control transistor means having also a collector, an emitter and a base rendering the main transistor conductive when the output voltage is inferior to that predetermined value.
  • the base electrode of the control transistor is con nected with one output of the generator so as to carry a potential proportional to the output voltage thereof.
  • the arrangement finally comprises protective circuit means cooperating w-i-th the main and control transistors for shortcirc-uiting said control transistor and for rendering the main transistor non-conductive when the exciter current through the collector-emitter circuit of the main transistor exceeds a predetermined maximum, even when the output voltage of the generator is still inferior .to the above mentioned predetermined value.
  • the protective circuit means mentioned above comprise a series-resistor connected at one of its ends in series with the emitter electrode of the main transistor for producing a voltage drop depending upon the exciter current flowing through the main transistor, and a controllable semiconductor rectifier having a control electrode and an anode-cathode circuit, the latter being connected between a junction point located between the base resistor mentioned above and the base electrode of the main transistor, on one hand, and the other end of the series resistor, on the other hand, the control electrode of the semiconductor rectifier being connected with the series-resistor for causing the voltage drop thereacross to control the semiconductor rectifier in such a manner that the control transistor is shor-t-circuited and the main transistor is rendered non-conductive when the exciter current through the main transistor exceeds a predetermined maximum, even when the generator output'voltage is inferior to the predetermined value thereof.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic elevational view of a lighting generator adapted to be used on a railroad car and combined with a regulator and with a storage battery connected in parallel with the generator;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of anarrangemerit according to FIG. 1, including one embodiment of a regulator arrangement according to the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic circuit diagram illustrating a modification of the regulator arrangement according to FIG. 2.
  • the generator of the arrangement according to FIG. 1 contains in its housing a direct current armature (indicated at in FIG. 2) carried by an armature shaft 12 and rotatable by means of a V-belt pulley 11, while a shunt ex-citer winding 16 is mounted inside the housing 10 and is connected at one of its ends with the positive terminal 17 of the generator via the corresponding positive output line 18.
  • a storage battery 21 is connected at its positive terminal via a rectifier 22, conductive in the appropriate direction, with the positive output line 18, while the negative terminal of the battery 22 is connected via the negative output line with the negative terminal 19 of the generator.
  • the arrangement is such that the battery 21 can be charged and at the same timeother current consumers can be supplied with energy when the output voltage of the generator available between the lines 18 and 20 rises above 110 volts.
  • an electronic voltage regulator 25 is provided which may be mounted on the housing 10 of the generator as shown in FIG. 1 and whose circuit arrangement is illustrated in FIG. 2 within the dotted frame 25.
  • the voltage regulator 25 comprises a main transistor 26 which has a collector electrode connected with the other end of the exciter winding 16, and additionally a control transistor 27 which has the function of changing the main transistor 26 from conductive to nonconductive condition every time when the output voltage of the generator tends to exceed a predetermined value thereof.
  • a series-combination of a base resistor 28 of, e.g., 160 ohms, a resistor 29 of 40 ohms and a rectifier 30 passing current from the positive line 18 toward the base electrode of the main transistor 26 is provided between the positive output line 18 and the base electrode of the main transistor 26.
  • the control transistor 27 has a collector electrode which is connected with the junction point between the resistors 28 and 29. Between the base electrode of the main transistor 26 and the collector electrode of the control transistor 27 a capacitor 31 is placed of about 0.1 ,uf. The emitter of the control transistor 27 is directly connected to the negative output line 20.
  • Zener diode 35 is connected with one of its terminals with the movable tap 32 of the potentiometer 34, while the other terminal of the Zener diode 35 is connected with the base electrode of the control transistor 27 and additionally with one end of a resistor 36 of about 200 ohms, the other end whereof is connected with the negative output line 20.
  • the breakdown voltage of the Zener diode is so chosen that the latter becomes conductive when the output voltage of the generator as available between the two output lines 18 and 20 exceeds the predetermined value of, e.g., 110 volts.
  • the control transistor 27 As long as the predetermined value of the output voltage is not reached the control transistor 27 remains in non-conductive condition and consequently the main transistor 26 is fully conductive. When this is the case the base current of the main transistor 26 flowing through the resistor 29 produces across the latter a voltage drop of about 20 volts. Under this condition that electrode of the capacitor 31 which is connected with the collector of the control transistor 27 is charged to a voltage differing from that of the other electrode of the capacitor 31 which is connected with the base electrode of the main transistor 26. When now the output voltage of the generator exceeds the predetermined value of, e.g., 110 volts the control transistor together with the Zener diode 35 becomes conductive.
  • the collector current of the control transistor 27, flowing through the base resistor 28 produces across the latter a voltage drop of about volts to which is now added the existing charge of the capacitor 31 whereby the potential at the base of the main transistor 26 is reduced to a value which is about 10 volts lower than the potential of the negative output line 20.
  • the main transistor 26 is rendered completely non-conductive and the exciter current which up to this moment could flow through the exciter winding 16 is interrupted.
  • the inductive voltage peak generated at the moment of the current interruption is substantially taken care of and diverted by a rectifier 37 which is conductive in the proper direction and connects the collector of the main transistor 26 with the positive output line 18.
  • the remainder of the inductive voltage peak is applied via a resistor 38 and a series-connected capacitor 39 in such a manner to the base electrode of the control transistor 27 that the latter is kept in conductive condition through a period of time which is determined by the charging time constant of the capacitor 39.
  • the invention provides a protective arrangement as follows.
  • the protective arrangement according to the invention comprises a series resistor 40 connected between the main transistor 26 and the negative output line 20, and preferably a potentiometer 41 connected in parallel with the series resistor 40.
  • a controllable semiconductor rectifier 42 is provided the anode whereof is connected with the collector of the control transistor 27 while its cathode is directly connected with the negative output line 20.
  • the semiconductor rectifier has a control electrode 43 which is connected with the movable tap 44 of the potentiometer 41 so that, depending upon the setting of the tap 44, the semiconductor rectifier is rendered conductive as soon as a voltage drop of more than 10 volts appears between the emitter electrode of the main transistor 26 and the negative output line 20. This will occur when the emitter current of the main transistor 26 exceeds a maximum permissible value of, e.g., 1.5 amperes.
  • the semiconductor rectifier 42 When the semiconductor rectifier 42 is rendered conductive then it constitutes a low resistance short-circuit for the control transistor 27 and carries a current flowing through the base resistor 28 and having so large an amplitude that the main transistor 26 is returned to its nonconductive condition even when the output voltage of the generator should have dropped already below the above mentioned predetermined value thereof. Only when the excitation of the generator has almost entirely vanished and when its output voltage has droped to a very low value, the semiconductor rectifier 42 automatically returns to its non-conductive condition. In case that the short-circuit in the exciter winding hasbeen eliminated or has vanished in the meantime, then the excitation of the generator will start again and the regulator arrangement will operate in the manner described further above.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates only theregulator portion of a generator arrangement as described above.
  • the modified regulator arrangement shown within the dotted frame 50 may be used in the same manner as the regulator arrangement according to FIG. 2 in the lighting installation of a vehicle.
  • FIG. 3 contains elements identical or equivalent to those of the arrangement according toFIG. 2, the same reference'numerals have been used in the drawing.
  • the main difference between the arrangements of FIGS. 2 and 3 consists in the provision of a plain not controllable rectifier or diode or unidirectional conductor 53 in series with the controllable semiconductor rectifier 52, both connected as a series-combination in the connection between the collector of the control transistor 27 and the negative output line 20.
  • the rectifier or diode 53 is connected with its anode directly with the collector of the control transistor 27. Since the controllable rectifier 52 can carry only a comparatively low breakdown voltage between its anode and its cathode which is connected with the nega tive output line 20, and in order to make it possible to utilize the rectifier 52 also in a regulator arrangement operating with comparatively high voltages, a voltage divider comprising at least two resistors 54 and 55 is arranged between the positive output line 18 and the negative output line 20. The intermediate point A of the voltage divider, located between the resistors 54 and 55 is connected with the anode of the controllable rectifier 52 as Well as with the cathode of the series-connected. noncontrollable rectifier 53.
  • the control electrode of the rectifier 52 is connected as in the previous example with the movable tap 44 of the potentiometer 41 which is again connected in parallel with the series resistor arranged in the emitter connection of the main transistor 26.
  • the voltage divider resistors 54 and 55 are so dimensioned that the potential at the intermediate point A is always higher than the potential of the collector of the control transistor 27.
  • controllable rectifier 52 remains in non-conductive condition until the exciter current flowing through the series resistor reaches a maximum permissible value which is predetermined by the setting of the movable tap 44. Whenever this occurs the controllable rectifier 52 by becoming conductive constitutes a short-circut for the resistor 55 and consequently causes the collector of the control transistor 27 to assume a potential which is substantially equal to that of the negative output line 20 because under this condition the rectifier 53 constitutes only a low resistance connection to the controllable rectifier 52 which is also in highly conductive condition.
  • the not'controllable rectifier 53 has the additional As far as the arrangement according to function to prevent during lator the voltage available at the intermediate point A between the voltage divider resistors 54 and 55 from influencing the base electrode of the main transistor 26. In this manner it is assured that the main transistor 26 is sufiiciently rendered non-conductive when the control transistor 27 assumes conductive condition at the moment when the output voltage of the generator exceeds its predetermined value.
  • a particular advantage of the above described protective arrangement according to the invention resides in the following facts: Whenever the controllable rectifiers 42 or 52 are rendered conductive on account of a shortcircuit occurring in the field or exciter winding, the controllable rectifier remains in this condition even in the absence of a control voltage at its control electrode 43 as long as a voltage difference exists between the output lines 18 and 20 of the generator. Even if the shortcircuit is immediately eliminated, the excitation of the generator must first disappear almost completely and the voltage of the generator must drop to a value amounting almost to zero, before the rectifier assumes non-conductive condition and thereby again renders the main transistor 26 conductive. In this manner -it is assured that the main transistor cannot be overloaded.
  • Voltage regulator for a self-excited generator having a shunt exciter winding and'being operable at greatly varying speeds comprising, in combination, main transistor means having collector, emitter and base electrodes, -respectively, for controlling the exciter current of the generator, the collector-emitter circuit of said transistor means being connected in series with one end of the shunt exciter winding; base resistor means connected between said base electrode and the other end of said shun-t exciter winding for assuring excitation upon starting the generator from standstill, control transistor means having collector,-
  • Voltage regulator for a self-excited generator having a shunt exciter winding and being operable at greatly varying speeds comprising, in combination, main transistor means having collector, emitter and base electrodes, respectively, for controlling the exciter current of the generator, the collector-emitter circuit of said transistor means being connected in series with one end of the shunt exciter winding; base resistor means connected between said base electrode and the other end of said shunt exciter winding for assuring excitation upon starting the generator from standstill, control transistor means having collector, emitter and base electrodes, respectively, for alternatively rendering said main transistor means nonconductive when the output voltage of the generator is superior to a predetermined value, and for rendering said main transistor means conductive when said output voltage is inferior to said predetermined value, said collector electrode of said control transistor means being connected both with a junction point between said base resistor means and said base electrode of said main transistor means, said base electrode of said control transistor means being connected with one output of the generator so as to carry a potential proportional to said output voltage;
  • Voltage regulator for a self-excited generator having (3 0 a shunt exciter winding and being operable at greatly varying speeds comprising, in combination, main transistor means having collector, emitter ad base electrodes, respectively, for controlling the exciter current of the generator, the collector-emitter circuit of said'transistor means being connected in series with one end of the shunt exciter Winding; base resistor means connected between said base electrode andthe other end of said shunt exciter winding for assuring excitation upon starting the generator from standstill, control transistor means having collector, emitter and base electrodes, respectively, for alternatively rendering said main transistor means non-conductive when the output voltage of the generator is superior to a predetermined value, and for rendering said main transistor means conductive when said output voltage is inferior to said predetermined value, said collector electrode of said control transistor means being connected both with a junction point between said base resistor means and said base electrode of said main transistor means, said base electrode of said control transistor means being connected with one output of the generator so as to carry
  • Voltage regulator for a self-excited generator having a shunt exciter winding and being operable at greatly varying speeds comprising, in combination, main transistor means having collector, emitter and base electrodes, respectively, for controlling the exciter current of the generator, the collector-emitter circuit of said transistor means being connected in series with one end of the shunt exciter Winding; base resistor means connected between said base electrode and the other end of said shunt exciter winding for assuring excitation upon starting the generator from standstill, control transistor means having collector, emitter and base electrodes, respectively, for alternatively rendering said main transistor means non-conductive when the output voltage of the generator is superior to a predetermined value, and for rendering said main transistor means conductive when said output voltage is inferior to said predetermined value, said collector electrode of said control transistor means being connected both with a junction point between said base resistor means and said base electrode of said main transistor means, said base electrode of said control transistor means being connected with one output of the generator so as to carry a potential proportional to said output voltage

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Control Of Charge By Means Of Generators (AREA)
US269361A 1962-04-07 1963-04-01 Voltage regulator for generators Expired - Lifetime US3263155A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB66709A DE1176752B (de) 1962-04-07 1962-04-07 Schutzanordnung fuer den Haupttransistor eines Spannungsreglers

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US3263155A true US3263155A (en) 1966-07-26

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US269361A Expired - Lifetime US3263155A (en) 1962-04-07 1963-04-01 Voltage regulator for generators

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US (1) US3263155A (en:Method)
JP (1) JPS3926491B1 (en:Method)
DE (1) DE1176752B (en:Method)
GB (1) GB1035071A (en:Method)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3349318A (en) * 1964-09-16 1967-10-24 Siemens Ag System for controlling thyristors by periodically recurring firing pulses
US3400323A (en) * 1964-02-21 1968-09-03 Electric Regulator Corp Static voltage regulator for a d. c. generator
US3406318A (en) * 1966-02-01 1968-10-15 Gen Motors Corp Potential regulator with an electrical polarity reversal protection feature
US3453527A (en) * 1965-09-13 1969-07-01 Lucas Industries Ltd Voltage regulators for use with generators having field windings
US3467854A (en) * 1967-09-19 1969-09-16 Gen Motors Corp Transistor voltage regulator input circuit
US4642548A (en) * 1984-07-25 1987-02-10 Hitachi, Ltd. Control apparatus for charging generator
US4658200A (en) * 1983-03-25 1987-04-14 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Protection circuit for voltage regulator of vehicle mounted generator

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1438675B1 (de) * 1963-07-20 1970-05-27 Bosch Gmbh Robert Schutzschaltung fuer den Haupttransistor einer Spannungsregeleinrichtung
IT1210915B (it) * 1982-08-04 1989-09-29 Ates Componenti Elettron Circuito di protezione contro il cortocircuito dell'avvolgimento di eccitazione per alternatore a bassa tensione munito di regolatore di tensione, particolarmente per uso automobilistico.
USD583677S1 (en) * 2007-02-16 2008-12-30 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Combination bottle and sprayer head

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3098964A (en) * 1958-08-22 1963-07-23 Gen Motors Corp Transistor regulator for generators
US3179874A (en) * 1960-06-16 1965-04-20 Philips Corp Electronic regulating device
US3193755A (en) * 1962-05-25 1965-07-06 Gen Electric Voltage regulator
US3201681A (en) * 1960-06-24 1965-08-17 Philips Corp Supply circuit and abrupt current and voltage limiting means therefor

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2862175A (en) * 1954-11-15 1958-11-25 Gen Motors Corp Transistor controlled voltage regulator for a generator
US3048718A (en) * 1959-01-13 1962-08-07 Gen Motors Corp Transient responsive protection circuit

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3098964A (en) * 1958-08-22 1963-07-23 Gen Motors Corp Transistor regulator for generators
US3179874A (en) * 1960-06-16 1965-04-20 Philips Corp Electronic regulating device
US3201681A (en) * 1960-06-24 1965-08-17 Philips Corp Supply circuit and abrupt current and voltage limiting means therefor
US3193755A (en) * 1962-05-25 1965-07-06 Gen Electric Voltage regulator

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3400323A (en) * 1964-02-21 1968-09-03 Electric Regulator Corp Static voltage regulator for a d. c. generator
US3349318A (en) * 1964-09-16 1967-10-24 Siemens Ag System for controlling thyristors by periodically recurring firing pulses
US3453527A (en) * 1965-09-13 1969-07-01 Lucas Industries Ltd Voltage regulators for use with generators having field windings
US3406318A (en) * 1966-02-01 1968-10-15 Gen Motors Corp Potential regulator with an electrical polarity reversal protection feature
US3467854A (en) * 1967-09-19 1969-09-16 Gen Motors Corp Transistor voltage regulator input circuit
US4658200A (en) * 1983-03-25 1987-04-14 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Protection circuit for voltage regulator of vehicle mounted generator
US4642548A (en) * 1984-07-25 1987-02-10 Hitachi, Ltd. Control apparatus for charging generator

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Publication number Publication date
GB1035071A (en) 1966-07-06
DE1176752B (de) 1964-08-27
JPS3926491B1 (en:Method) 1964-11-20

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