US3250078A - Apparatus for driving tunnels - Google Patents

Apparatus for driving tunnels Download PDF

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Publication number
US3250078A
US3250078A US282771A US28277163A US3250078A US 3250078 A US3250078 A US 3250078A US 282771 A US282771 A US 282771A US 28277163 A US28277163 A US 28277163A US 3250078 A US3250078 A US 3250078A
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Prior art keywords
shield
jacks
supporting
tunnel
jack
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US282771A
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English (en)
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Maxwell F Kemper
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Individual
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Individual
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Priority to NL295917D priority Critical patent/NL295917A/xx
Priority to BE636044D priority patent/BE636044A/xx
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to US282771A priority patent/US3250078A/en
Priority to GB26494/63A priority patent/GB1034465A/en
Priority to DEK50139A priority patent/DE1255129B/de
Priority to FR941922A priority patent/FR1371278A/fr
Priority to CH967963A priority patent/CH414717A/fr
Priority to US511007A priority patent/US3373572A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3250078A publication Critical patent/US3250078A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D19/00—Provisional protective covers for working space
    • E21D19/04—Provisional protective covers for working space for use in drifting galleries
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/0642—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end
    • E21D9/065—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining the shield having means for additional processing at the front end with devices for provisionally supporting the front face

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a novel apparatus for driving tunnels.
  • Apparatus of the type to which this invention relates is disclosed in my U.S. Letters Patent No. 2,997,853 issued August 29, 1961, and includes an elongate arched shield adapted to be progressively driven into the earth While shiftably supported by a series of extensible jacks or llegs likewise shiftably connected to the shield in order to be positioned best to support the shield for sustaining the load of the overburden in the operation of driving the tunnel.
  • the elongate shield is provided with aA pair of longitudinally extended tracks disposed in laterally spaced opposed relation on opposite sides of the longitudinal center line of the shield and adjacent the sides of the shield with a plurality of extensible ground-engageable jacks sl-idably joined to each track so that when the jacks are in engagement w-ith the ground, the shield may be moved or shifted relative to the jacks and be driven into the tunnel face.
  • any one or more of the plurality of jacks on either side of the shield may be shifted to a location best suited to support the shield according to the nature of the ground in which the shield is being driven, or a plurality of jacks maybe grouped on one side of the shield at locations spaced 1ater ally and longitudinally relative to a group of jacks on the opposite side of the shield or the jacks otherwise disposed, and in all cases so that when any one jack is out of engagement with the ground, at least one other jack of the plurality on each side of the shield will serve as an adequate ⁇ support for the shield.
  • Another object of this invention is the provision of apparatus such as described wherein by reason of having the shield supported along each side of the longitudinal center thereof by a plurality of the jacks, it is possible to lengthen a jack on one side of the shield and to decrease the length of a jack on the other side of the shield in order to tilt or cant the shield to facilitate making a turn with the shield while maintaining it on grade and lwith the advantage of having other of the plurality of jacks on each side of thel shield afford adequate support forvthe shield.
  • An additional object 'of this invention is the provision of a tunnel driving apparatus such as described which in having a plurality of axially shiftable jacks close to each of the opposite side walls of the shield in rows extending longitudinally of the shield makes it unnecessary to provide a support or jack between the side jacks and thereby 3,250,078 Patented May 10, 1966 ice provides unobstructed working room at the face of the tunnel for men and equipment to the end that an eflicient and comparatively economical tunnel digging operation may be carried out.
  • FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of apparatus embodying the present invention with the elements thereof disposed for driving the shield into the face of the tunnel relative to the supporting jacks;
  • FIG. 2 is a View similar to FIG. 1 showing the positions occupied by elements of the apparatus after the shield has been driven a full stroke into the face of the tunnel, and indicating by the dot-dash showing of one of the jacks how the jacks may be repositioned to prepare the apparatus for the next advance of the shield;
  • FIG. 3 is a transverse sectional view taken on the line 3--3 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is a front elevation showing the apparatus substantially in the same position as shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged vertical sectional view of one of the extensible jacks for supporting the shield, showing schematically in association therewith the hydraulic circuit and control me-ans for each jack;
  • FIG. 6 is an enlarged detail view in section of the portion of the jacks to which the fluid lines are connected;
  • FIG. 7 is a fragmentary sectional view taken on the line 7 7 of FIG. 1, on an enlarged scale;
  • FIG. 8 is a fragmentary view of a modified form of extensible jack for supporting the shield showing the latter in section and the jack in elevation;
  • FIG. 9 is an enlarged fragmentary sectional view of the jack shown in FIG. 8 including the schematic view of the hydraulic circuit and manually operable pump means for extending and retracting the jack.
  • Apparatus embodying the present invention includes an elongate steel shield A of horseshoe shape adapted to be driven into the earth as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, wherein F designates the face of the tunnel being formed.
  • the forward portion 1 of the shield is suitably reinforced preferably internally thereof an-d contains apparatusto be hereinafter described for driving the shield into the earth.
  • the rear portion 2 of the shield is adapted to extend as a protect-ive shell over the tunnel lining or wall structure B that is erected progressively as the shield is advanced in the formation of the tunnel.
  • the forward portion 1 of the shield is reinforced by means of longitudinally spaced arcuate plates 3 welded or otherwise fixed at their outer edges to interior surface of the shield and project-ing inwardly therefrom with their inner edges welded to arched ribs 4 extending to the lower edges of the sides of the shield.
  • arched ribs 4 extending to the lower edges of the sides of the shield.
  • a series of triangular plates 6 welded to the inner surface of t-he shield and the foremost plates 3.
  • Means are provided for driving the shield into the earth and, as here shown, include four hydraulic rams 7 extended longitudinally of the interior of the front section 1 of the shield an-d securely fastened thereto in equidistantly spaced relation, there being a ram on each side of the top center portion of the sield and one on each side wall of the shield as will be apparent with reference to FIG. 3.
  • the pistons 8 of the rams 7 extend rearwardly so as to contact the forward portion of the wall assembly B which serves as a solid base structure against which therpistons bear in actuating the rams 7 to advance the shield.
  • Any suitable means, not shown, may be employed for supplying and controlling ythe application of hydraulic fluid for operating the rams '7, it being preferable, however, to operate these rams in the manner and by the means shown -in my co-pending application for patent, Serial No. 678,993, now Patent No. 3,138,933, issued June 30, 1964.
  • the wall or tunnel structure B may comprise a plurality of steel H-beams or ribs 9 that are erected in the rear of shell portion 2 of the shield as shown in FIGS. l and 2 with suitable lagging strips 10 installed between the beams. These beams and lagging strips are added to increase the length of the tunnel wall structure B as the shield is advanced.
  • the lagging strips 10 when uncovered by advancing the shield so that the rear shell port-ion 2 exposes a large portion of the structure B, may serve as the outer wall of a concrete form.
  • the structure B may be utilized as the supporting lining or wall of the tunnel and for the purpose of this description, 4it will be assumed that the foremost steel beam or rib 9 has been firmly installed. This rm installation of the foremost beam 9 is accomplished by use of jacks 11 as shown in FIG.
  • Brace members 13 are positioned longitudinally on the structure B in line with the pistons 8 of the rams 7 and against the foremost rib 9 engaged by the pistons, these braces beingsecurely attached in any suitable manner to the structure B so that a rm backing is provided for each piston to assure that the shield will be advanced upon actuation of the rams 7.
  • a plurality of longitudinally shiftable and extensible supporting members -for the shield are located in a row in longitudinally spaced relation to one another against each side wall of the shield so as to leave a large unobstructed space between the sides of the shield at the face F of the tunnel for accommodating the digging apparatus and men required to dig the tunnel, While at the same time providing for a reliable support of the shield while the shield is advanced relative to the supporting members and at all other times during the operation of forming the tunnel.
  • a particular advantage of this arrangement of supports is that they may be moved one at a time vo1" otherwise into position best to brace the shield for supporting the over-burden in all types of ground, while at least one of the supports of the plurality on each side of the shield will be in shield supporting position during such movement of other of the supports.
  • each track assembly 17 includes a plate 18 welded to and depending from the inner surface of the shield and provided at its lower edge with a rail 19 welded thereto for supporting a carriage 20 having upperand lower -sets of rollers 21 which ride on the top of the rail and on the lower side of the rail.
  • Each carriage 20 supports one of the jacks which is pivoted thereto asat 22. With this arrangement the shield may be shifted relative to the jacks While the latter support the shield.
  • the jacks readily may be shifted longitudinally and repositioned as supports for the shield to prepare the shield for another advance into the tunnel face.
  • the jacks 4 may be swung on the pivotal connections thereof with the carriages 20 to out-of-theway positions when this is desired.
  • Means are provided for stabilizing the jacks or legs 15 and 16 and to prevent them from being moved as the shield is being advanced.
  • the forward jack or leg on each side of the shield has a pair of rods 20a connected as at 20h to the carriage 20 of the jack and extended therefrom rearwardly along opposite sides of the carriage 20 of the next adjacent jack.
  • the rods 20a At their rear ends the rods 20a have a cross member 20c xed thereto and adapted to be secured by means of a hook 20d to a cable 20e. ⁇
  • This cable leads to a comealong 20f anchored as -at 20g to the structure B.
  • the rods 20a are slidably supported on a cross member 20h fastened on the carriage 20 of the rearmost jack on each side of the shield.
  • the rods 20a and cross member 20c comprise a frame or yoke D which embraces the plurality of jacks on each side of the shield yet permit free movement of the jacks the desired extent best for supporting the shield.
  • the carriages 20 abut one another 4and as the foremost carriage and its jack are restrained by the yoke D, cable 20e and comealong20f, the plurality of jacks on opposite sides of the shield remain in upright position and are held against being moved as the shield is advanced relative thereto.
  • the come-along 20e may be operated as required to release the cable to allow the foremost jack to be moved with the yoke D attached thereto.
  • the comealong may be locked or tightened when the cable is taut and the jacks are forwardly positioned.
  • the length of the yoke D is such that the rearmost jack or a plurality thereof, if desired, may be independently moved therein as required 'best to support the shield.
  • the yokes D at each side of the assembly and its come-along, constitute -means for holding the forward jack against movement with the shield in an advance direction as well as for allowing independent longitudinal positioning of the respective rearward jacks.
  • Each of the jacks is constructed to be hydraulically extended and retracted whereby upon retraction from engagement with the ground, each jack may be shifted to thev location where it is desired to provide a ⁇ support for the shield and then extended into ground engaging position.
  • each of the jacks 15 and 16 is of the same construction and includes a tubular body portion 23 the upper end of which ispivoted as hereinbefore noted as at 22 to one of the carriages 2l) and supports therein a fixed piston unit 24 and a movable cylinder 25.
  • This cylinder extends from the lower end of the body portion 23 and is closed at its upper and lower ends by an annular member 26 and a closure 27 respectively.
  • the piston 28 of the piston unit 24 is disposed between the closed ends of the cylinder 25 with the piston rod 29 'extending through the annular member 25.
  • a -seal 30 carried by the member 26 forms a seal around the piston rod.
  • the piston rod 29 is made up of concentric tubular members 31 and 32 providing fluid passages 33 and 34, leading into cylinder above and below the piston 28 respectively.
  • the upper end of the piston rod 29 is supported by a partition 35 which is fixed in the upper part of the body portion 23. Passages 33' and 34' in the partition 35 are arranged to register with the passages 33 and 34 in the piston rod. Hydraulic fluid under pressure when directed through the passages 33 and 33 Will enter the cylinder 23 above the piston 28 to cause the cylinder 25 to be retracted into the body portion 23, while fluid below the pistonis exhausted through passages 34 and 34 back to the source of hydraulic fluid under pressure. When hydraulic fluid under pressure is directed through the passages 34' and 34 into the cylinder 25 below the Ipiston 28 the cylinder will be extended while fluid above the piston will return to the source through passages 33 and 33'.
  • Each of the jacks 15 and 16 is controlled by a manually operable valve 36 mounted thereon and connected 'by means of a conduit 41 with the passages 33' and 33 in the jack.
  • a similar conduit 42 connects the Valve 36 with the passages 34' and 34 in the jack.
  • An intake manifold 39 and a return manifold 44 are mounted on each side wall of the shield and through flexible hose lines 40y and 43 respectively are connected to the valves 36 for the adjacent pair of jacks as indicated by the schematic showing in FIG. 5.
  • the manifolds 39 and 44 are connected to intake and return conduits 45 and 46 which may be connected to any suitable source of hydraulic fluid under pressure, not
  • This arrangement of manifolds, conduits and control unit 24 and the cylinder 25 may be removed and replaced relative to the tubular body portion 23 of the jack, also so that an air blast may be applied to the interior of the body to clean out any foreign matter that may collect between the opposed wall-s of the body portion 23 and the cylinder 25.
  • the piston rod 29 is held in an opening 47 in the partition 35 by means of a set screw 48, the removal of which makes it possible to remove the piston unit and the cylinder.
  • a normally plugged passage 49 leading through the partition 35 into the portion of the tubular body 23 below the partition provides for this operation. When the plug in the outer end of the passage 49 is removed Aan air blast may be directed into the body 23 through passage 49 for the purpose above stated.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 A modified form of jack M embodying this invention which may be used in groups of two or more on each side ⁇ of the shield is shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, if desired, in place of the jacks 15 and 16.
  • This jack is similar to the jacks 15 and 16 shown in FIG. 5, except for the use of the upper part thereof as a reservoir R for hydraulic fluid and the use of two manually operable pumps R1 and R2 mounted on the jack and operable for effecting extension and retraction of the jack.
  • the pumps .R1 and R2 are provided with valves V1 and V2 respectively for controlling ow through the pumps.
  • the jack M is otherwise of the same construction as the jacks 15 and 16 and mounted on the vshield 5 in the same manner as the jacks 15 and 16, the same reference characters thatare applied to the jacks 15 and 16 and to the mounting means therefor are applied to the jack M.
  • the hydraulic circuit shown in FIG. 9 includes a supply line 50 leading from the reservoir R on the top of the jack M to the hand pump R1, which latter, when the valve V1 is in the position shown, may be operated to force fluid under pressure through a line 51 to passages 34' and 34 and below the piston 29, thereby extending the cylinder 25.
  • the return fluid from above the piston 29 passes through passages 33 and 33', and line 53 leading to the pump R2, which latter, in view of the position of valve V2, will route the return fluid through return line 54 leading to the reservoir R.
  • the apparatus of this invention includes a plurality of air operated rams 60 securely anchored to the shield S and provided with brackets 61 for supporting breast boards 62. These rams in being air operated rams will yield as the shield is advanced as the breast boards 62 are firmly held by the rams against the tunnel face F and thereby prevent cave-in of this face.
  • this invention provides a novel method of driving a tunnel into the earth with an elongate arched shield and a plurality of supports disposed on each side of the longitudinal center of the shield in such a manner that the Ishield is longitudinally movable relative to the ysupports and the supports may be longitudinally moved relative to the shield.
  • the jacks In supporting each .side of the shield with a group of shiftable supports or jacks in accordance with this invention, the jacks may be shifted one or more at a time into positions best to support the shield but in all instances so that other of the jacks on each side ⁇ of the shield afford adequate support for opposite sides of the shield at all times.
  • each leg may be varied while it is in ground engaging and shield supporting position by extending certain jacks and retracting others. This will make it possible to tilt or cant the shield with a nicety so as to facilitate making accurate turns of the tunnel bore while remaining on grade. It it is desired to provide a greater number of jacks at a specific location on one side of the shield that is longitudinally spaced from a lesser number of jacks on the opposite side of the shield to compensate for bad ground or for any other purposes, this arrangement readily may be brought about.
  • Apparatus for driving a tunnel comprising: an elongate, arched shield; means shiftably supporting said shield for axial movement; means for so moving said shield relative to said supporting means; said supporting means including a pair of longitudinally extended members carried by said shield adjacent the top of the shield in laterally opposed transversely spaced relation at opposite sides of the longitudinal center line of the shield; a plurality of extens-ible jacks depending from each of said longitudinally extended members for contact with the ground to support said shield; a track on each of said longitudinally extended members; and means individually shiftably connecting said plurality of said jacks with each of said tracks, with said jacks relatively disposed thereon so that when one of the plurality of jacks on either of said tracks is moved from contact with the ground, at least one other jack of said plurality on each track will be disposed in contact with the ground whereby said shield will be supported on opposite sides of said center line.
  • Apparatus for driving a-tunnel comprising: an elongate, arched shield; means shiftably supporting said shield for axial movement; means for so moving said shield relative to said supporting means; said supporting means including a pair of longitudinally extended members carried by said shield adjacent the top of the shield in laterally opposed transversely spaced relation at opposite sides of the longitudinal center line of the shield; at least two extensible and contractible shield supporting legs depending from each of said longitudinally extended members for contact with the ground beneath Vthe shield; and means shiftably connecting said legs with said longitudinally extended members so that said legs on each of said longitudinally extended members are disposed one ahead of the other subject to being shifted relative to one another and relative to said shield after said advance of said shield, to occupy a different shield supporting position while at least one leg on each of said longitudinally extended members remains in shield supporting position.
  • Apparatus for driving a tunnel comprising: an elongate, arched shield; means shiftably supporting said shield for axial movement; means for so moving said shield relative to said supporting means; said supporting means including a pair of longitudinally extended members carried by said shield adjacent the top of the shield in laterally opposed transversely spaced relation at opposite sides of the longitudinal center line of the shield; a pair of extensible and contractible shield supporting legs depending from each of said longitudinally extended members for contact with the ground beneath the shield; means shiftably connecting said legs with said longitudinally extended members so that said legs on each of said longitudinally extended members are disposed one ahead of the other subject to being shifted relative to one another and relative to said shield after said advance of said shield, to occupy a different shield supporting position while at least one leg on each of said longitudinally extended members remains in shield supporting position; and means embodied in each leg operable for moving the leg into and from Contact with the ground.
  • Apparatus for driving a tunnel comprising: an elongate, arched shield; means shiftably supporting said shield for axial movement; means for so moving said shield relative to said supporting means; said supporting means including a pair of longitudinally extended members carried by said shield adjacent the top ofthe shield in laterally opposed transversely spaced relation at opposite sides ofthe longitudinal center line of the shield; at least two extensible and contractible shield supporting legs de- 'of the other subject to being shifted relative to one an- ⁇ other and relative to said shield after said advance of said shield, to-occupy a different shield supporting position while at least one leg .0.1.1 $13911 ⁇ of said longitudinally extended members remains in shield supporting position; and anchoring means operatively connected with said legs to hold them against movement when said shield is moved axially.
  • Apparatus for driving a tunnel comprising: an elongate, arched shield; means shiftably supporting said shield for axial movement; means for so moving said shield relative to said supporting means; said supporting means including a pair of longitudinally extended members carried by said shield adjacent the top of the shield in laterally opposed transversely spaced relation at opposite sides of the longitudinal center line of the shield; at least two extensible and contractible shield supporting legs depending from each of said longitudinally extended members for contact with the ground beneath the shield; means shiftably connecting said legs with said longitudinally extended members so that said legs on each of said longitudinally extended members are disposed one ahead of the other subject to being shifted relative to one another and relative to said shield after said advance of said shield to occupy a different shield supporting position While at least one leg on each of said longitudinally extended members remainsin shield supporting position; and means embodied in each leg operable to vary the length of the leg while the leg is engaged with the ground.
  • Apparatus for driving a tunnel comprising: an elongate, arched shield; means shiftably supporting said shield for axial movement; means for so moving said shield relative to said supporting means; said supporting means including a pair of longitudinally extended members carried by said shield adjacent the top of the shield in laterally opposed transversely spaced relation at opposite sides of the longitudinal center line of ⁇ the shield; at least two lextensible and contractible shield supporting legs depending from each of said longitudinally extended members for contact with the ground beneath the shield; means shiftably connecting said legs with said longitudinally extended members so that said legs on each of said longitudinally extended members are disposed one ahead of the other subject to being shifted relative to one another and relative to said shield after said advance of said shield to occupy a different shield supporting position while at least one leg on each of said longitudinally extended members remains in shield supporting position; means embodied in each leg operable to vary the length of the leg while the leg is engaged with the ground; and anchoring means operatively connected with said legs adjacent the upper ends thereof to prevent movement of said legs during the axial
  • Apparatus for driving a tunnel comprising: an elongate, arched shield; means shiftably supporting said shield for axial movement; means for so moving said shield relative to said supporting means; said supporting means yincluding a plurality of extensible and contractible legs depending from said shield for engagement with the ground; there being a plurality of legs arranged in a row on each -of opposite sides of the longitudinal center line of said shield; said rows of legs being adjacent the sides of said shield; means shiftably connecting each of said legs in each row with said shield; means engaged with the foremost leg of each row for restraining said foremost legs against axial movement during said advance of said shield; said last named means including a yoke connected to said foremost leg and embracing the legs rearwardly of the foremost legs; and means extending rearwardly from said yoke for releasably anchoring the yoke against movement.
  • Apparatus for driving a tunnel comprising: an elongate, arched shield; means shiftably supporting said shield for axial movement; means for so moving said shield relative to saidsupporting means; said supporting means including a pair of longitudinally extended members carried by said shield at the sides of the shield in laterally opposed transversely spaced relation at opposite sides of the longitudinal center line of the shield; a plurality of 9 10 extensible jacks depending from each of said longitudinal- 2,134,47 8 10/ 1938 Hollingsworth 61--85 1y extended members for contact with the ground to sup- 2,385,251 9/1945 Ayers 61-44 port said shield; a track o'n each of said longitudinally 2,997,853 8/1961 Kemper 61 85 extended members; and means individually shiftably connecting said plurality of said jacks with each of said 5 FOREIGN PATENTS tracks, with said jacks relatively disposed thereon so that 1,264,673 5 /1961 France.
US282771A 1963-05-23 1963-05-23 Apparatus for driving tunnels Expired - Lifetime US3250078A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL295917D NL295917A (xx) 1963-05-23
BE636044D BE636044A (xx) 1963-05-23
US282771A US3250078A (en) 1963-05-23 1963-05-23 Apparatus for driving tunnels
GB26494/63A GB1034465A (en) 1963-05-23 1963-07-04 Apparatus for driving tunnels
DEK50139A DE1255129B (de) 1963-05-23 1963-07-05 Vorrichtung zum unterirdischen Vortreiben von Tunneln
FR941922A FR1371278A (fr) 1963-05-23 1963-07-18 Procédé et appareil pour percer des tunnels
CH967963A CH414717A (fr) 1963-05-23 1963-08-05 Appareil pour percer des tunnels
US511007A US3373572A (en) 1963-05-23 1965-10-12 Method of driving tunnels

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US282771A US3250078A (en) 1963-05-23 1963-05-23 Apparatus for driving tunnels

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US3250078A true US3250078A (en) 1966-05-10

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US282771A Expired - Lifetime US3250078A (en) 1963-05-23 1963-05-23 Apparatus for driving tunnels

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US (1) US3250078A (xx)
BE (1) BE636044A (xx)
CH (1) CH414717A (xx)
DE (1) DE1255129B (xx)
GB (1) GB1034465A (xx)
NL (1) NL295917A (xx)

Cited By (3)

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US3762174A (en) * 1972-07-17 1973-10-02 Pamco Const Protective inching shield for pipe-laying
US3978675A (en) * 1974-01-29 1976-09-07 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Mine roof support equipment
CN112443335A (zh) * 2020-10-27 2021-03-05 南昌轨道交通集团有限公司地铁项目管理分公司 隧道下穿管线自动控制变形的支护体系及其施工方法

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US1032952A (en) * 1912-05-10 1912-07-16 Emile R Shnable Method of constructing subways.
US2134478A (en) * 1938-05-11 1938-10-25 Equipment Rental Corp Tunneling machine
US2385251A (en) * 1943-02-22 1945-09-18 Ayers Frederick Percival Tunneling method
DE911961C (de) * 1948-10-02 1954-05-24 Hans Joachim Von Hippel Dr Ing Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum wandernden Ausbau von Abbaustreben
DE942384C (de) * 1954-02-26 1956-05-03 Mueller & Borggraefe K G Verfahren zum fortlaufenden freien Vorpfaenden beim Strebausbau mit stempelfreiem Abbaustoss
DE1089710B (de) * 1958-12-27 1960-09-29 Bochumer Eisen Heintzmann Ausbaukammer fuer Streckenvortriebe, insbesondere im untertaegigen Bergbau
FR1264673A (fr) * 1960-05-14 1961-06-23 Bwg Bergwerk Walzwerk Cadre de soutènement mobile, pour le fond des mines
US2997853A (en) * 1958-07-14 1961-08-29 Maxwell F Kemper Apparatus for driving tunnels

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1032952A (en) * 1912-05-10 1912-07-16 Emile R Shnable Method of constructing subways.
US2134478A (en) * 1938-05-11 1938-10-25 Equipment Rental Corp Tunneling machine
US2385251A (en) * 1943-02-22 1945-09-18 Ayers Frederick Percival Tunneling method
DE911961C (de) * 1948-10-02 1954-05-24 Hans Joachim Von Hippel Dr Ing Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum wandernden Ausbau von Abbaustreben
DE942384C (de) * 1954-02-26 1956-05-03 Mueller & Borggraefe K G Verfahren zum fortlaufenden freien Vorpfaenden beim Strebausbau mit stempelfreiem Abbaustoss
US2997853A (en) * 1958-07-14 1961-08-29 Maxwell F Kemper Apparatus for driving tunnels
DE1089710B (de) * 1958-12-27 1960-09-29 Bochumer Eisen Heintzmann Ausbaukammer fuer Streckenvortriebe, insbesondere im untertaegigen Bergbau
FR1264673A (fr) * 1960-05-14 1961-06-23 Bwg Bergwerk Walzwerk Cadre de soutènement mobile, pour le fond des mines

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3762174A (en) * 1972-07-17 1973-10-02 Pamco Const Protective inching shield for pipe-laying
US3978675A (en) * 1974-01-29 1976-09-07 Coal Industry (Patents) Limited Mine roof support equipment
CN112443335A (zh) * 2020-10-27 2021-03-05 南昌轨道交通集团有限公司地铁项目管理分公司 隧道下穿管线自动控制变形的支护体系及其施工方法

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BE636044A (xx) 1900-01-01
DE1255129B (de) 1967-11-30
CH414717A (fr) 1966-06-15
GB1034465A (en) 1966-06-29
NL295917A (xx) 1900-01-01

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