US3242225A - Production of acetylene - Google Patents

Production of acetylene Download PDF

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Publication number
US3242225A
US3242225A US369024A US36902464A US3242225A US 3242225 A US3242225 A US 3242225A US 369024 A US369024 A US 369024A US 36902464 A US36902464 A US 36902464A US 3242225 A US3242225 A US 3242225A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
oil
gas
boiling
acetylene
quenching
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Expired - Lifetime
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US369024A
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English (en)
Inventor
Danz Willi
Frey Otto
Kittel Erich
Markert Ferdinand
Teltschik Walter
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BASF SE
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BASF SE
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Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
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Publication of US3242225A publication Critical patent/US3242225A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C2/00—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms
    • C07C2/76—Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing a smaller number of carbon atoms by condensation of hydrocarbons with partial elimination of hydrogen
    • C07C2/78—Processes with partial combustion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D51/00—Auxiliary pretreatment of gases or vapours to be cleaned
    • B01D51/10—Conditioning the gas to be cleaned
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C11/00—Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons
    • C07C11/22—Aliphatic unsaturated hydrocarbons containing carbon-to-carbon triple bonds
    • C07C11/24—Acetylene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C7/00—Purification; Separation; Use of additives
    • C07C7/11—Purification; Separation; Use of additives by absorption, i.e. purification or separation of gaseous hydrocarbons with the aid of liquids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G9/00—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils
    • C10G9/34—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts
    • C10G9/36—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours
    • C10G9/38—Thermal non-catalytic cracking, in the absence of hydrogen, of hydrocarbon oils by direct contact with inert preheated fluids, e.g. with molten metals or salts with heated gases or vapours produced by partial combustion of the material to be cracked or by combustion of another hydrocarbon
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S585/00—Chemistry of hydrocarbon compounds
    • Y10S585/949—Miscellaneous considerations
    • Y10S585/95—Prevention or removal of corrosion or solid deposits

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a process for the production of acetylene from hydrocarbons. More specifically, it relates to a process for the production of acetylene in which the hot acetylene-containing gases are cooled with hydrocarbon oil.
  • hydrocarbons having from one to ten carbon atoms and oxygen or oxygen-containing gas are used as initial materials, the ratio of hydrocarbon to oxygen being about 1:1 by weight.
  • the gases are preheated to about 150 to 700 C. prior to the reaction. In the reaction space, a maximum temperature of about 1,300 to 1,650 C. is set up by the reaction of these gases. The reaction period is about two to five thousandths of a second. It is known to use liquids with a high boiling point, as for example mercury, for the cooling operation. It is also known to use water for quenching the gases. The use of mercury is dangerous because mercury, especially mercury vapor, is very injurious to health.
  • the hot gases obtained in the production of acetylene can be quenched in a simple way by carrying out the quenching in a single stage with highboiling hydrocarbon oils, advantageously with high-boiling aromatic hydrocarbon oils, the volumetric ratio of hydrocarbon oil to gas being at least 1:100, and separating the carbon-black containing hot hydrocarbon oil from the gas.
  • the volume of the hydrocarbon oil may be measured, for example, in cubic meters and the volume of the gas in cubic meters (S.T.P.).
  • hydrocarbon oils especially aromatic hydrocarbon oils, which have boiling points of about 150 to 400 C., for example polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons.
  • the oils should be free of paraffinic constituents, i.e., purely aromatic. An oil should therefore have a pour point of 23 C. A higher pour point, e.g., a pour point of about 0 C. would indicate that the oil contains paralfinic constituents in addition to the aromatics.
  • the volumetric ratio of hydrocarbon oil to gas should be at least 1:100, i.e., l or more parts by volume of highboiling hydrocarbon oil is required for quenching 100 parts by volume of hot gas.
  • volume of the gas we mean its volume at standard conditions (S.T.P.), i.e., the amount of gas is measured, for example, in cubic meters (S.T.P.).
  • S.T.P. standard conditions
  • the hydrocarbon oil contains the bulk of the carbon black originally present in the hot gas.
  • low-boiling hydrocarbon oil preferably low-boiling aromatic hydrocarbon oil (specific gravity less than 0.95)
  • low-boiling point oils we mean hydrocarbons, especially aromatic hydrocarbons, which have boiling points of about to 200 C. and specific gravities of less than 0.95, especially specific gravities of from 0.87 to 0.94, for example 0.90.
  • the difference in the boiling points of any two oils used should be from 30 to 200 C., i.e., the boiling point of the high-boiling oil should be from 30 to 200 C. higher than that of the low-boiling oil. On no account must the difference be less than 30 C.
  • the low-boiling oil may consist to the extent of percent of parafiins. Provision should be made, however, that the two oils cannot intermix in application, as otherwise cracking products are liable to be formed and these would pass into and contaminate the acetylene-containing gas if the high-boiling oil is reused for quenching purposes.
  • Washing of the gas with the low-boiling hydrocarbon oil may be effected, for example, by introducing the acetylene-containing gas, at a temperature of about 180 C., into the bottom of a distilling and fractionating column, allowing it to ascend therein, and adding the liquid low-boiling hydrocarbon oil at about the middle of the column.
  • the low-boiling hydrocarbon oil vaporizes upon coming into contact with the hot gas and abstracts the heat of vaporization from the gas.
  • the high-boiling hydrocarbon oil is thereby condensed out and can be withdrawn at the bottom.
  • the vapor of the low-boiling hydrocarbon oil rises in the column and is partly condensed at the top of the column.
  • the carbon black formed in the production of acetylene is taken up by the high-boiling hydrocarbon oil. If the heat energy contained in the hot oil is recovered as described above, it is advantageous to reuse the oil, from which the heat energy has been substantially abstracted in a heat exchanger, for quenching acetylene-containing gases, i.e., the high-boiling hydrocarbon oil is recycled. During each cycle, the oil takes up the carbon black contained in the quenched gas and thus becomes enriched in carbon black.
  • the carbon black containing oil removed from the circulation may, for example, be burnt and the carbon black thus utilized profitably in a simple way.
  • the carbon black containing oil may obviously also be freed from carbon black by mechanical methods for example by means of filters or centrifuges, and then returned to the above-mentioned circulation.
  • FIGURE 1 is a flow-sheet showing the course of the process
  • FIGURE 2 diagrammatically illustrates an apparatus, by way of example, in which the process can be carried out.
  • oxygen and hydrocarbon CH are heated up in separate preheaters 1 and 2 and mixed thoroughly in a mixer 3.
  • the homogeneous mixture is passed into a combustion chamber 5, where it is converted in a flame reaction into an acetylene-containing cracked gas, which is quenched with oil at' 7.
  • the cracked gas is then passed on to further purification and into the processing plant (not shown) while the oil is recycled to 7 via a heat exchanger 6 in which steam is produced.
  • a small portion of the carbon black containing oil is withdrawn and used as fuel in preheaters 1 and 2. This amount of oil is replaced by fresh oil from a container 4.
  • gasoline and oxyen are fed into a burner 10 through line 8 and 9 respectively and reacted therein to acetylene.
  • the hot gas is quenched with a high-boiling oil at 11 and thence passes into the washing column 12 where it is cooled with low-boiling oil fed in through line 13.
  • the hot oil collects at 14 and from there flows back to 11 through cooler 15 to be reused as quenching oil.
  • the gas passes through line 16 into a cooler 17 to be cooled with water fed in through line 18.
  • the low-boiling oil collects at 19. It is stripped of water and recycled to the washing column 12 through line 20.
  • the water recycles through line 21 and cooler 22 into the cooler 17.
  • the cooled moist acetylene-con taining gas is discharged through line 23.
  • Example 1 370 kg. per hour of gasoline and 250 cubic meters (S.T.P.) per hour of oxygen are heated separately to 360 C. in two preheaters. The two are mixed and converted in a burner into acetylene-containing gas. At the outlet of the burner the hot cracked gas is quenched with an aromatic hydrocarbon oil having a boiling point of 240 to 360 C., the oil being used at a rate of 40,000 kilograms per hour. The cracked gas, now at a temperature of 180 G, contains about 10% by volume of acetylene and less than 0.5 g. of carbon black per cubic meter (S.T.P.). At the same time, 650 kg. per hour of steam saturated at 150 C. is obtained in a heat exchanger by heat exchange with the oil.
  • Example 3 In the manner described in Example 1 a gas with 10% of acetylene is produced from gasoline and oxygen at a rate of 800 cubic meters (S.T.P.) per hour.
  • the gas which contains high boiling oil in vapor form is obtained with a temperature of 180 C. It is quenched with 2 cubic meters per hour of a low-boiling oil having a boiling point of to 190 C., the temperature of the gas falling to C.
  • the oil used for quenching is mainly aromatic containing only a very small amount of paraflinic constituents.
  • the vaporous high-boiling oil is condensed and the liquid high-boiling oil is reused for quenching.
  • the gas is further cooled down from 100 to 30 C. by directly spraying it with water.
  • the end product is a moist acetylene-containing gas having a temperature of 30 C.
  • the amount of cooling water used is 20 cubic meters per hour.
  • the low-boiling oil is condensed and reused
  • the improve inent which comprises: initially quenching said hot gas in a single stage with a high-boiling quenching liquid consisting essentially of an aromatic hydrocarbon oil which has a boiling point above about 150 C. and which is stable against cracking at said high temperatures in a volumetric ratio of said oil to said gas of at least 1:100; and separating the carbon black containing hot oil from the gas.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
US369024A 1961-04-15 1964-05-20 Production of acetylene Expired - Lifetime US3242225A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEB0062155 1961-04-15

Publications (1)

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US3242225A true US3242225A (en) 1966-03-22

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US369024A Expired - Lifetime US3242225A (en) 1961-04-15 1964-05-20 Production of acetylene

Country Status (6)

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US (1) US3242225A (fr)
BE (1) BE616440A (fr)
DE (1) DE1418664A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR1319860A (fr)
GB (1) GB942436A (fr)
NL (1) NL276937A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3392210A (en) * 1965-04-01 1968-07-09 Chemical Construction Corp Process for acetylene production
US9145297B2 (en) 2012-09-05 2015-09-29 Basf Se Method for producing acetylene and synthesis gas

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2947005C2 (de) * 1979-11-22 1983-08-04 Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen Verfahren zur Herstellung von Acetylen aus Kohlenwasserstoffen
RU2637708C2 (ru) * 2012-06-14 2017-12-06 Басф Се Способ получения ацетилена и синтез-газа

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2982794A (en) * 1958-05-13 1961-05-02 Phillips Petroleum Co Preparation of reactor effluent for recovery of acetylene and the like therefrom
US3022148A (en) * 1958-11-18 1962-02-20 Chemical Construction Corp Oil quench process for partial oxidation of hydrocarbon gases
US3060247A (en) * 1962-10-23 Process for the separation of higher acetylene hydrocarbons

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3060247A (en) * 1962-10-23 Process for the separation of higher acetylene hydrocarbons
US2982794A (en) * 1958-05-13 1961-05-02 Phillips Petroleum Co Preparation of reactor effluent for recovery of acetylene and the like therefrom
US3022148A (en) * 1958-11-18 1962-02-20 Chemical Construction Corp Oil quench process for partial oxidation of hydrocarbon gases

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3392210A (en) * 1965-04-01 1968-07-09 Chemical Construction Corp Process for acetylene production
US9145297B2 (en) 2012-09-05 2015-09-29 Basf Se Method for producing acetylene and synthesis gas

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB942436A (en) 1963-11-20
NL276937A (fr)
FR1319860A (fr) 1963-03-01
BE616440A (fr)
DE1418664A1 (de) 1968-11-07

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