US3239990A - Multi-storey buildings - Google Patents

Multi-storey buildings Download PDF

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Publication number
US3239990A
US3239990A US148621A US14862161A US3239990A US 3239990 A US3239990 A US 3239990A US 148621 A US148621 A US 148621A US 14862161 A US14862161 A US 14862161A US 3239990 A US3239990 A US 3239990A
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Prior art keywords
floor
central core
building
floors
roof
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Expired - Lifetime
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US148621A
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English (en)
Inventor
Adler Felix
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Richard Costain Ltd
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Richard Costain Ltd
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
    • E04B1/3511—Lift-slab; characterised by a purely vertical lifting of floors or roofs or parts thereof
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/34—Extraordinary structures, e.g. with suspended or cantilever parts supported by masts or tower-like structures enclosing elevators or stairs; Features relating to the elastic stability
    • E04B1/3404—Extraordinary structures, e.g. with suspended or cantilever parts supported by masts or tower-like structures enclosing elevators or stairs; Features relating to the elastic stability supported by masts or tower-like structures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the construction of multi-storey buildings, and particularly to high buildings of ten or more storeys although the invention is applicable to the construction of buildings with less than ten storeys.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a novel multi-storey building and method of constructing multi-storey buildings which enables all the main building work to be carried out at or near ground level. Thereby the necessity for tall cranes and high hoists is avoided, and building workers only have to work at low heights. The finishing trades can also work during the erection of the building, thereby reducing the completion time.
  • the invention consists in the method of constructing a multi-storey building which consists in constructing a floor at or near ground level, lifting said floor, constructing therebeneath at said level another floor with compression support members between the lifted floor and said another floor, said compression support members forming part of a central core structure for sup porting the building, lifting said another floor with the previously erected part of the building thereabove, and repeating the operation until all the floors and the central core structure are constructed, the raising operations being effected by jacks positioned to lift the already constructed part of the central core structure, and through it, the floors which project outwardly in cantilever fashion around the central core structure.
  • the central core supports at its upper end a roof which projects in cantilever fashion all around the central core, the outer perimeters of the various floors being supported from the roof by means of suspension members, preferably consisting of tensioned wires or cables attached to the roof and to the floors adjacent their perimeters.
  • the roof may also be constructed at ground level and raised successively as each floor is constructed and raised, and a further feature of the invention consists in attaching a number of suspension wires to each floor when it is constructed and before it is raised.
  • the interior of the central core may be used to accommodate staircases, lift shaft, and landings, openings being provided in the core at the different floor levels to permit access to the surrounding floors.
  • the space between the perimeters of adjacent floors may be infilled with panels or windows to enclose the floors, which may be further subdivided by partitions to form rooms.
  • a further feature of the invention consists in casting the floors in reinforced concrete by pouring concrete on to a base slab which forms the floor at ground level after the building has been completely erected.
  • the centre of the ground floor slab is left open and therebeneath a chamber is built, supported on the foundations, with-in which hydraulic jacks are located for effecting the lifting after each floor has been constructed.
  • a further feature consists in arranging the lifting jacks between supporting pillars, the compression-supporting wall of the central core structure being constructed of T-shaped or other interlocking blocks which may be inserted when the Wall is lifted by the jacks to build downwards to form parts of the wall which will rest on the supporting pillars when the jacks are lowered.
  • FIGURES 1-8 are schematic vertical sections taken through the axis of the central core, and;
  • FIGURE 1 shows the foundation for the building
  • FIGURE 2 shows the foundation and the cantilever roof just after it has been cast in situ on the foundation
  • FIGURE 3 shows the cantilever roof and foundation just after the roof has been raised the height of one storey
  • FIGURE 4 shows the foundation, roof, and top floor just after the top floor has been built
  • FIGURES 5, 6 and 7 show the building just after each of the next succeeding floors have been built
  • FIGURE 8 shows the completed building
  • FIGURE 9 shows in elevation part of the central core with the jacks in the lowered position
  • FIGURE 10 is a view along the line AA in FIG- URE 9;
  • FIGURE 11 shows in vertical elevation a. detail of FIG- URE 9 with the jacks raised.
  • FIGURE 12 shows a horizontal section through a tendon.
  • the foundation base a is constructed below ground level to form a jacking chamber thereabove having side walls which connect with a floating ground floor slab c.
  • the foundation base 0 comprises a raft con structed over a grid of piles.
  • the ground floor slab c is cast with an appropriate thickness, for example six inches, on to a layer of hardcore and is finished olf smoothly as this slab is to be used as a casting bed for all the other floors.
  • a system of pipes opening into the upper surface of the ground floor slab c is cast into the slab and connected to an air pump.
  • the other floors are cast on to a sheet of suitable material laid over the ground floor slab, such as a sheet of polythene, air being pumped into the pipe system in order to overcome suction when another floor is to be lifted.
  • a trench b is dug and paved and a retaining wall is built so that the perimeter of the ground floor slab 0 projects over the retaining wall.
  • This trench b is to be used to house coils of stressing Wires r used to suspend the perimeters of the floors from the roof, and to give easy access for stressing operations.
  • the formwork f for supporting the shuttering for the flooring within the central core structure is also erected from the foundation base a.
  • the cantilever roof at is formed of concrete.
  • the roof slab ail is cast first on the ground floor slab 0 together with radial upstand walls d2 connected to the central core walls.
  • the roof like the ground fioor slab, may be circular, square, or of other desired shape provided that the roof is substantially evenly balanced about the central core walls, the outer portions of the roof acting as a cantilever propped at its centre.
  • the roof slab acts as a compression member, and the radial walls as tension and shear members.
  • the roof of the central core acts as a tension ring.
  • the space in the cantilever roof within the central core structure is to be used as lift machinery room, water storage tank room, fan room, etc.
  • the suspension wires r are fixed to the perimeter of the roof, the Wire coils resting in the stressing trench b.
  • the central core structure e which supports the building from the ground, is formed by a circular wall built of interlocking T-shaped reinforced concrete blocks s (FIG- URE 9) which are placed in position from underneath and constitutes compression support means between the successive floors.
  • the central core structure is jacked up by the use of hydraulic jacks q as it is constructed, as will be later described.
  • the width of the blocks s varies to increase the thickness of the wall gradually from the 20th fioor downwards.
  • Blocks adjoining lintels may incorporate projecting reinforcement rods which are cast into the concrete lintels.
  • Rebates t are provided in those blocks at floor levels to provide bearing support to the floors, and continuity of the reinforcement of the floors both inside and outside the central core is achieved by continuous steel rods u (FIGURE 10) extending through holes in the blocks.
  • stage 3 as shown in FIGURE 3, the cantilever roof is jacked up to first fioor level in the manner just described with reference to FIGURES 9 to 11, and the lift machinery motors 0, water tanks, fans, etc., are installed in the rooms in the roof.
  • stage 4 as shown in FIGURE 4, the th floor h is cast on to the ground floor slab c.
  • the stairs j and landings within the central core structure e are also cast on a specially designed permanent formwork which is propped up within the jacking chamber.
  • the lift-shaft walls In and other walls within the central core structure are built.
  • Pre-cast concrete casing g for the suspension wires r are placed in position. These casings form a cavity (see FIGURE 12) through which one of the groups of wires r disposed around the perimeter of the roof passes downwards.
  • wires such as used in conventional pre-stressing systems may be used.
  • one wire of each group is stressed by conventional stressing jacks accommodated in the stressing trench b and is secured by appropriate anchoring means.
  • the external cladding walls k are erected between the 20th floor and the roof and the windows and window panels I fixed.
  • a light weight walling material may be used for the cladding k.
  • stage 5 the 20th floor is raised to first floor level by the jacks lifting the blocks of the central core structure as above described.
  • Two-floor high scaffolding n is erected around the building where re quired so that the external walls on the erected 20th floor can be finished and the windows glazed.
  • the 19th floor It is cast together with a further section of staircase j and the casings g and external walls k fitted as described for stage 4 and one further stressing Cir wire r of each group is stressed and anchored to support the 19th fioor.
  • the lift cabin p is installed and the installation of partitions and joinery can be undertaken on the 20th floor.
  • stage 6 as shown in FIGURE 6, the 19th floor is raised by the jacks as above described to first floor level, the 18th fioor and staircase is cast on the ground fioor slab c, the casings g and external walls are fitted, and a further suspension wire of each group is tensioned as above described.
  • the Workers erecting partitions and joinery move down to the 19th floor whilst the specialist trades installing services can Work on the 20th floor.
  • stage '7 as shown in FIGURE '7, the 18th floor is raised by the jacks as above described to the first floor level and the sequence of building operations repeated, partitions and joinery being erected in the 18th floor; specialist trades operating in the 19th floor and finishing trades in the 20th floor.
  • the erection proceeds in like manner until the building is completely erected as shown in FIGURE 8.
  • the jacks q are removed from the spaces between the jacking support pillars v and these spaces are filled in with concrete to provide full bearing for the central core e, the casings g are grouted up, and the stressing trench b filled in.
  • the finishing trades have been working downwards from floor to floor as the building is erected so that they have never had to work above the height of third floor level.
  • the lift shaft m is built as the erection progresses and the lift guide rails are installed and plumbed downwards during the construction of the building.
  • this base mould consisting of the ground floor slab c and the permanent formwork f. This formwork is only remove after the building is completed, leaving the jacking chamber clear to form a basement.
  • the method of construction according to the invention enables the completion time to be considerably reduced. All the heavy building work is carried out at ground floor level, most of the workmen do not have to work above the third floor level; all except the last three floors can be finished by the time the building construction is completed and there is no further delay occasioned by having to instal lifts after erection since this takes place during erection.
  • the central core struction may be constructed in other ways, such as by concrete cast in situ or by a structural steel framework.
  • each floor may be cantilevered out of the central core thus saving the use of any columns, tendons or the like.
  • the method may also be applied to constructing other kinds of buildings, such as garages in which each fioor is in the form of a helical ramp up which the cars may be driven. In this case external cladding of the building may not be necessary; the perimeters of the floor need only be protected by low walls or railings.
  • the method of constructing a rnulti-storey building comprising the steps of constructiing at or near ground level a floor cantilevered to a central core portion, raising said floor the height of one storey by jacking up said central core portion in a succession of steps less than the height of a storey while building step by step as said central core portion is raised an additional central core portion beneath and supportingly joined to said first mentioned central core portion, constructing at or near ground level an additional floor cantilevered to said additional central core portion, raising said additional floor in the same way as said first mentioned floor, and continuing in like manner to construction and raise central core portions and floors until the building has reached the desired height, said floors being supported at least primarily by said core portions as they are being raised.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
US148621A 1959-05-08 1961-10-30 Multi-storey buildings Expired - Lifetime US3239990A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB15903/59A GB956134A (en) 1959-05-08 1959-05-08 Multi-storey building, and method of constructing the same

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NL (1) NL278769A (de)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3416284A (en) * 1964-07-24 1968-12-17 Felix M. Adler Method for constructing a building including feeding a plurality of end connected column sections upwardly through a jack system
US3631648A (en) * 1970-01-23 1972-01-04 Stirling Homex Corp Method of erection of high-rise building structure formed of modular units
US3672115A (en) * 1969-11-04 1972-06-27 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Method of erecting super-high-rised tower structure
US3726053A (en) * 1970-07-13 1973-04-10 Stirling Homex Corp Method and apparatus for erecting modular high-rise building
JPS5120816B1 (de) * 1968-06-18 1976-06-28
US4011705A (en) * 1975-10-31 1977-03-15 Peter Martin Vanderklaauw Method for constructing a thin-shell concrete structure designed for lifting with hydraulic apparatus
US4656799A (en) * 1986-04-28 1987-04-14 Stratatowers Corp Super high-rise buildings
US4736557A (en) * 1986-04-28 1988-04-12 Stratatowers Corporation Super high-rise buildings
EP0866189A1 (de) * 1996-10-07 1998-09-23 Genghou Deng Verfahren zum bewegen einer struktur von oben nach unten
US20080028723A1 (en) * 2006-08-03 2008-02-07 Hitachi Plant Technologies, Ltd. Method of building a floor for a boiler cage
ES2370438A1 (es) * 2009-07-31 2011-12-15 Universidade Da Coruña Método para construir edificaciones de varias plantas mediante paneles portantes ligeros desde el nivel del terreno.
US20120023840A1 (en) * 2009-04-10 2012-02-02 Bin Yuan Main Work Construction Method for Reinforced Concrete Building and Building Construction Machine
US20120031036A1 (en) * 2008-12-19 2012-02-09 Jon Henrik Falk Method for mountaing façade elements on a multi-storey building
US8578679B1 (en) * 2008-10-03 2013-11-12 Davor Petricio Yaksic Smokestack assembly
US20140345209A1 (en) * 2011-12-16 2014-11-27 Blg Logistics Solutions Gmbh & Co. Kg Support for offshore foundation structures, particularly tripods
US9556636B2 (en) * 2014-06-27 2017-01-31 Tindall Corporation Method and apparatus for erecting tower with hydraulic cylinders
US10753080B1 (en) * 2019-03-29 2020-08-25 Big Time Investment, Llc Method of constructing a building, and a building construction system therefor
US20220145614A1 (en) * 2018-11-30 2022-05-12 Bahler Ip, Llc Building system and method thereof

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE652174A (de) * 1963-08-23
FR2088907A5 (de) * 1970-04-29 1972-01-07 Felciai Laurent

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1066436A (en) * 1913-07-01 Albert Peltzer Method for constructing concrete buildings.
US1418510A (en) * 1920-11-01 1922-06-06 Alexander Construction Company Method of moving buildings from one site to another
US1701113A (en) * 1927-05-09 1929-02-05 Will E Keller Method of and apparatus for pouring concrete walls and floors of steel and concrete frame buildings
US1851125A (en) * 1929-12-26 1932-03-29 Macmillan Abram Building construction
US1860782A (en) * 1931-04-29 1932-05-31 Charles A Moore Insulated building
GB597687A (en) * 1944-11-08 1948-02-02 Frantisek Karel Janecek Improvements in or relating to buildings and methods and apparatus for constructing them
GB613403A (en) * 1946-06-20 1948-11-25 Harald Lindner Method of building multi-storied houses
DE857443C (de) * 1951-07-03 1952-12-01 Hermann Dipl-Ing Urschbach Hochbau mit tragenden Bauteilen und raumabschliessenden Waenden
US2623382A (en) * 1946-01-23 1952-12-30 George W Denison Method of making faced colored bricks and building walls therefrom
CA553406A (en) * 1958-02-18 J. Evers William Method and apparatus for erecting a storage vessel
US2852931A (en) * 1956-07-06 1958-09-23 Bonet Antonio Method for house-construction
US2867111A (en) * 1952-08-01 1959-01-06 Philip N Youtz Apparatus for erecting buildings
GB809626A (en) * 1956-11-23 1959-02-25 Cornelius Jan Dussel An improved method of erecting buildings
US3036816A (en) * 1956-03-20 1962-05-29 Allan H Stubbs Apparatus for lift-slab building construction

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA553406A (en) * 1958-02-18 J. Evers William Method and apparatus for erecting a storage vessel
US1066436A (en) * 1913-07-01 Albert Peltzer Method for constructing concrete buildings.
US1418510A (en) * 1920-11-01 1922-06-06 Alexander Construction Company Method of moving buildings from one site to another
US1701113A (en) * 1927-05-09 1929-02-05 Will E Keller Method of and apparatus for pouring concrete walls and floors of steel and concrete frame buildings
US1851125A (en) * 1929-12-26 1932-03-29 Macmillan Abram Building construction
US1860782A (en) * 1931-04-29 1932-05-31 Charles A Moore Insulated building
GB597687A (en) * 1944-11-08 1948-02-02 Frantisek Karel Janecek Improvements in or relating to buildings and methods and apparatus for constructing them
US2623382A (en) * 1946-01-23 1952-12-30 George W Denison Method of making faced colored bricks and building walls therefrom
GB613403A (en) * 1946-06-20 1948-11-25 Harald Lindner Method of building multi-storied houses
DE857443C (de) * 1951-07-03 1952-12-01 Hermann Dipl-Ing Urschbach Hochbau mit tragenden Bauteilen und raumabschliessenden Waenden
US2867111A (en) * 1952-08-01 1959-01-06 Philip N Youtz Apparatus for erecting buildings
US3036816A (en) * 1956-03-20 1962-05-29 Allan H Stubbs Apparatus for lift-slab building construction
US2852931A (en) * 1956-07-06 1958-09-23 Bonet Antonio Method for house-construction
GB809626A (en) * 1956-11-23 1959-02-25 Cornelius Jan Dussel An improved method of erecting buildings

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3416284A (en) * 1964-07-24 1968-12-17 Felix M. Adler Method for constructing a building including feeding a plurality of end connected column sections upwardly through a jack system
JPS5120816B1 (de) * 1968-06-18 1976-06-28
US3672115A (en) * 1969-11-04 1972-06-27 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Method of erecting super-high-rised tower structure
US3631648A (en) * 1970-01-23 1972-01-04 Stirling Homex Corp Method of erection of high-rise building structure formed of modular units
US3726053A (en) * 1970-07-13 1973-04-10 Stirling Homex Corp Method and apparatus for erecting modular high-rise building
US4011705A (en) * 1975-10-31 1977-03-15 Peter Martin Vanderklaauw Method for constructing a thin-shell concrete structure designed for lifting with hydraulic apparatus
US4736557A (en) * 1986-04-28 1988-04-12 Stratatowers Corporation Super high-rise buildings
US4656799A (en) * 1986-04-28 1987-04-14 Stratatowers Corp Super high-rise buildings
EP0866189A4 (de) * 1996-10-07 2001-01-17 Genghou Deng Verfahren zum bewegen einer struktur von oben nach unten
EP0866189A1 (de) * 1996-10-07 1998-09-23 Genghou Deng Verfahren zum bewegen einer struktur von oben nach unten
US20080028723A1 (en) * 2006-08-03 2008-02-07 Hitachi Plant Technologies, Ltd. Method of building a floor for a boiler cage
US7818942B2 (en) * 2006-08-03 2010-10-26 Hitachi Plant Technologies, Ltd. Method of building a floor for a boiler cage
US8578679B1 (en) * 2008-10-03 2013-11-12 Davor Petricio Yaksic Smokestack assembly
US20120031036A1 (en) * 2008-12-19 2012-02-09 Jon Henrik Falk Method for mountaing façade elements on a multi-storey building
US8695308B2 (en) * 2008-12-19 2014-04-15 Brunkeberg Systems Ab Method for mounting façade elements on a multi-storey building
US8863474B2 (en) * 2009-04-10 2014-10-21 Bin Yuan Main work construction method for reinforced concrete building and building construction machine
US20120023840A1 (en) * 2009-04-10 2012-02-02 Bin Yuan Main Work Construction Method for Reinforced Concrete Building and Building Construction Machine
ES2370438A1 (es) * 2009-07-31 2011-12-15 Universidade Da Coruña Método para construir edificaciones de varias plantas mediante paneles portantes ligeros desde el nivel del terreno.
US20140345209A1 (en) * 2011-12-16 2014-11-27 Blg Logistics Solutions Gmbh & Co. Kg Support for offshore foundation structures, particularly tripods
US9290903B2 (en) * 2011-12-16 2016-03-22 Blg Logistics Solutions Gmbh & Co. Kg Support for offshore foundation structures, particularly tripods
US9556636B2 (en) * 2014-06-27 2017-01-31 Tindall Corporation Method and apparatus for erecting tower with hydraulic cylinders
US10577819B2 (en) 2014-06-27 2020-03-03 Tindall Corporation Method and apparatus for erecting tower with hydraulic cylinders
US10704286B2 (en) * 2014-06-27 2020-07-07 Tindall Corporation Method and apparatus for erecting tower with hydraulic cylinders
US20220145614A1 (en) * 2018-11-30 2022-05-12 Bahler Ip, Llc Building system and method thereof
US11761196B2 (en) * 2018-11-30 2023-09-19 Bahler Ip, Llc Building system and method thereof
US10753080B1 (en) * 2019-03-29 2020-08-25 Big Time Investment, Llc Method of constructing a building, and a building construction system therefor
US11274432B2 (en) 2019-03-29 2022-03-15 Big Time Investment, Llc Method of constructing a building, and a building construction system therefor

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Publication number Publication date
GB956134A (en) 1964-04-22
FR1298716A (fr) 1962-07-13
NL278769A (de)

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