US3233404A - Ion gun with capillary emitter fed with ionizable metal vapor - Google Patents

Ion gun with capillary emitter fed with ionizable metal vapor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3233404A
US3233404A US265292A US26529263A US3233404A US 3233404 A US3233404 A US 3233404A US 265292 A US265292 A US 265292A US 26529263 A US26529263 A US 26529263A US 3233404 A US3233404 A US 3233404A
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United States
Prior art keywords
duct
capillary
metal
ion gun
cesium
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Expired - Lifetime
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US265292A
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English (en)
Inventor
Huber Harry
Bihan Raymond Le
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Thales SA
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CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
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Priority claimed from FR901949A external-priority patent/FR82088E/fr
Application filed by CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA filed Critical CSF Compagnie Generale de Telegraphie sans Fil SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J27/00—Ion beam tubes
    • H01J27/02—Ion sources; Ion guns

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an ion gun, and more particularly to an ion gun utilizing a capillary body of refractory metal having at least one straight capillary duct by means of which a relatively high-density ion current can be obtained.
  • thermoelectric energy converter characterized particularly by a capillary emitter fed with metal vapor, such as cesium, rubidium or potassium, carried at an electron emission temperature and supplied by a separate reservoir, this body being a formation with straight capillary channels of tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, nickel or analogous material.
  • metal vapor such as cesium, rubidium or potassium
  • the present invention therefore, consists in an ion gun, characterized by the fact that its ion source is constituted by a body having at least one straight capillary channel or duct, made of tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, nickel or analogous material, this body being fed with a metal vapor such as cesium, rubidium or potassium furnished by a separate reservoir.
  • the capillary ducts or channels have a circular transverse cross section.
  • the capillary ducts or channels have the form of slots, that is, present a rectangular, annular or substantially tri angular transverse cross section.
  • Another object of the present invention resides in theprovision of an ion gun with high ion current densities which is simple in construction and requires only rel' atively low voltages for proper operation thereof.
  • Still a further object of the present invention resides in the provision of an ion gun utilizing straight capillary ducts which permits of high ion current densities without problem of positive space charges limiting the ion current.
  • FIGURE 1 is a cross sectional view through an ion gun in accordance with the present invention utilizing,
  • ion emitter a single straight capillary duct of circular cross section.
  • FIGURE 2 is a partial perspective view, partially in cross section, of an ion gun utilizing, as ion emitters, an
  • FIGURE 3 is a longitudinal cross sectional view through a modified embodiment of an ion gun in accord- ;ance with the present invention utilizing straight capillary ducts in the form of rectangular slots,
  • FIGURE 4 is a perspective view, partially in cross sec-f tion and on an enlarged scale, of the ion gun of FIG- URE 3,
  • FIGURE 5 is a partial perspective view, partially in cross section, of a modified embodiment of an ion gun .cross section, of a still further modified embodiment of Patented Feb.'8, 1966 an ion gun in accordance with the present invention utlizing triangular slots.
  • reference numeral 1 designates therein a straight capillary duct utilized in the gun according to the present invention, this capillary duct 1 being heated by means of a filament 2 of any conventional construction.
  • the material and the dimensions of the capillary duct 1 may be, for example, those utilized in the experimental study mentioned hereinabove.
  • The. capillary duct 1 is fed with cesium vapor from the reservoir 3 in which the cesium 4 is carried at the evaporation temperature thereof by any suitable means not illustrated herein.
  • Reference numeral 5 designates a focusing electrode carried at the potential of the capillary duct 1 and reference numeral 6 designates an accelerating electrode carried at a negative potential of some kv. with respect to the capillary duct 1. It will be noted that owing to the case with which the ions are extracted,
  • the orifice of the passage 7 of the electrode 6 may be relatively far from the discharge aperture 8 of the capillary duct 1.
  • the electrodes 5 and 6 comprise cavities 9 to receive a cooling fluid.
  • the ion beam obtained from the ion gun in accordance with the present invention is designated in FIGURE 1 by reference. numeral 10.
  • FIGURE 2 in which the same reference numerals as in FIGURE 1 have been utilized to designate analogous elements, differs'from FIGURE l-by the fact that in lieu of a single capillary duct a battery of capillary ducts 1, 1,, 1", 1" is used which are disposed, for example, in a linear array. It is obvious that the capillary ducts could also be disposed in any other arbitrary formation, for example, along a circle. It is also possible to form bidimensional groups of these capillary ducts.
  • the body having capillary channels or ducts is formed by a stack of plates such as plates 11 and 12 made of tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum or analogous material. Plate, 12 and 11 is provided an interval 13 which is maintained by any desired number of spacers 14 which separate the interval 13 into a certain number of aligned slots 15. These slots constitute the straight capillary channels or ducts. Between the plates 11 and 12 in contact with each other are inserted the strands or wires 16 of the heating filaments with interposition of insulating sheaths or layers 17. The extremities of the plates 11 arid 12 are profiled r shaped to define grooves 18 parallel to which are disposed a network of tubes 19 carried at a negative potential with.
  • the assembly of the capillary body is fixed on a support 20, provided with a tube 21 leading to a reservoir of cesium or analogous material.
  • the capillary body could also be constituted by an assembly of coaxial cylinders spaced slightly from each other; in that case, the slots would have an annular transverse cross section.
  • the slots would have an annular transverse cross section.
  • the present invention does not depend on any particular manner of heating the capillary channels or ducts which may take place by conduction or thermal radiation, by electron bombardments, by direct passage of current, or any other known means.
  • An ion gun comprising:
  • a vaporized metal chosen from the group consisting of cesium, rubidium and potassium,
  • An ion gun comprising:
  • a capillary body of a refractory metal having a plurality of straight capillary ducts located side-by-side, means for feeding said ducts with a vaporized r'netal chosen from the group consisting of cesium, rubidi um and potassium,
  • means for heating said ducts to thereby ionize said vaporized metal and means including negatively biased accelerating electrode means for extracting ions of said metal from means for feeding said duct with a vaporized metal chosen from the group consisting of cesium, rubidium and potassium,
  • An ion gun comprising:
  • a capillary body of a refractory metal having at least one straight capillary duct of elongated substantially rectangularly cross section thereby being effectively slot-shaped
  • a vaporized metal chosen from the group consisting of cesium, rubidium and potassium,
  • An ion gun comprising:
  • a capillary body of a refractory metal having at least one straight capillary duct of substantially annular cross section
  • a vaporized metal chosen from the group consisting of cesium, rubidium and potassium,
  • An ion gun comprising:
  • a capillary body of a refractory metal having at least one straight capillary duct of substantially triangular cross section
  • a vaporized metal chosen from the group consisting of cesium, rubidium and potassium,
  • vaand means for heating said duct to thereby ionize said vaand means including negatively biased accelerating porized metal, electrode means for extracting ions of said metal from said duct.
  • a ion gun comprising:
  • capillary body of a refractory metal having a plurality of substantially straight capillary ducts forming a bi-dimensional array
  • a vaporized metal chosen from the group consisting of cesium, rubidium and potassium,
  • An ion gun comprising:
  • a capillary body of a refractory metal having at least one straight capillary duct, the cross section of said capillary duct being of the order of several tenths of a millimeter,
  • a vaporized metal chosen from the group consisting of cesium, rubidium and potassium,
  • An ion gun comprising:
  • capillary body means provided with substantially straight capillary duct means
  • An ion gun capable of producing a high density ion current comprising:
  • capillary body means made of a refractory metal provided with substantially straight capillary duct means
  • An ion gun capable of producing a high density ion current comprising:
  • capillary body means provided with substantially straight capillary duct means
  • a vaporized metal chosen from the group consisting of cesium, rubidium and potassium,
  • An ion gun capable of producing a high density ion current comprising:
  • capillary body means provided with substantially straight capillary duct means of transverse dimension of the order of at least one tenth of .a millimeter
  • An ion gun capable of producing a high density ion current comprising:
  • capillary body means made of a refractory metal provided with substantially straight capillary duct means
  • a vaporized metal chosen from the group consisting of cesium, rubidium and potassium,
  • An ion gun capable of producing a high density ion current comprising:
  • capillary body means made of a refractory metal provided with substantially straight capillary duct means of transverse dimension of the order of at least one tenth of a millimeter
  • a vaporized metal chosen from the group consisting of cesium, rubidium and potassium,

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
US265292A 1962-04-02 1963-03-14 Ion gun with capillary emitter fed with ionizable metal vapor Expired - Lifetime US3233404A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR893001A FR1327124A (fr) 1962-04-02 1962-04-02 Perfectionnements aux canons à ions
FR901949A FR82088E (fr) 1962-06-26 1962-06-26 Perfectionnements aux canons à ions

Publications (1)

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US3233404A true US3233404A (en) 1966-02-08

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US (1) US3233404A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1248820B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1327124A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB982671A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (27)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3350885A (en) * 1966-03-08 1967-11-07 Gen Electric Fluid metal vaporizer
US3350884A (en) * 1963-08-19 1967-11-07 Snecma Propellent supply to electro-thermic ejectors
US3371489A (en) * 1964-10-23 1968-03-05 Hughes Aircraft Co Porous-plug low work-function film cathodes for electron-bombardment ion thrustors
US3394874A (en) * 1967-02-09 1968-07-30 Gen Electrodynamics Corp Ion pumping electron gun
US3512362A (en) * 1968-02-21 1970-05-19 Trw Inc Colloid thrustor extractor plate
US3575003A (en) * 1968-10-29 1971-04-13 Gen Electric Semisolid propellant and thrustor therefor
US3754397A (en) * 1970-10-23 1973-08-28 Trw Inc Colloid engine beam thrust vectoring
US3789608A (en) * 1971-10-14 1974-02-05 Communications Satellite Corp Type of colloid propulsion
US4240007A (en) * 1979-06-29 1980-12-16 International Business Machines Corporation Microchannel ion gun
EP0021204A1 (de) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-07 International Business Machines Corporation Ionengenerator
US4318030A (en) * 1980-05-12 1982-03-02 Hughes Aircraft Company Liquid metal ion source
US4318028A (en) * 1979-07-20 1982-03-02 Phrasor Scientific, Inc. Ion generator
US4318029A (en) * 1980-05-12 1982-03-02 Hughes Aircraft Company Liquid metal ion source
US4328667A (en) * 1979-03-30 1982-05-11 The European Space Research Organisation Field-emission ion source and ion thruster apparatus comprising such sources
FR2510304A1 (fr) * 1981-07-24 1983-01-28 Europ Agence Spatiale Source ionique a emission de champ, notamment pour propulseur ionique a applications spatiales
US4488045A (en) * 1981-09-03 1984-12-11 Jeol Ltd. Metal ion source
US4563610A (en) * 1982-12-20 1986-01-07 Nissin-High Voltage Co., Ltd. Device for generating negative-ion beams by alkaline metal ion sputtering
US4715261A (en) * 1984-10-05 1987-12-29 Gt-Devices Cartridge containing plasma source for accelerating a projectile
US4821508A (en) * 1985-06-10 1989-04-18 Gt-Devices Pulsed electrothermal thruster
US4821509A (en) * 1985-06-10 1989-04-18 Gt-Devices Pulsed electrothermal thruster
FR2623658A1 (fr) * 1987-11-19 1989-05-26 Max Planck Gesellschaft Dispositif fonctionnant avec ionisation par contact pour l'elaboration d'un rayon d'ions acceleres
US5033355A (en) * 1983-03-01 1991-07-23 Gt-Device Method of and apparatus for deriving a high pressure, high temperature plasma jet with a dielectric capillary
US5157260A (en) * 1991-05-17 1992-10-20 Finnian Corporation Method and apparatus for focusing ions in viscous flow jet expansion region of an electrospray apparatus
US5397901A (en) * 1990-06-12 1995-03-14 American Technologies, Inc. Forming charges in a fluid and generation of a charged beam
AT500412A1 (de) * 2002-12-23 2005-12-15 Arc Seibersdorf Res Gmbh Flüssigmetall-ionenquelle
US20160133426A1 (en) * 2013-06-12 2016-05-12 General Plasma, Inc. Linear duoplasmatron
CN109018443A (zh) * 2018-07-03 2018-12-18 东南大学 气体喷射与电喷射一体化混合驱动装置

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2665384A (en) * 1950-07-18 1954-01-05 Hubert P Yockey Ion accelerating and focusing system
US2714166A (en) * 1947-10-27 1955-07-26 Starr Chauncey Calutron structure
US2754442A (en) * 1954-05-25 1956-07-10 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Ion source
US3005931A (en) * 1960-03-29 1961-10-24 Raphael A Dandl Ion gun
US3121816A (en) * 1960-09-22 1964-02-18 High Voltage Engineering Corp Ion source for positive ion accelerators
US3122882A (en) * 1960-11-23 1964-03-03 Aerojet General Co Propulsion means
US3137801A (en) * 1960-09-22 1964-06-16 High Voltage Engineering Corp Duoplasmatron-type ion source including a non-magnetic anode and magnetic extractor electrode

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2714166A (en) * 1947-10-27 1955-07-26 Starr Chauncey Calutron structure
US2665384A (en) * 1950-07-18 1954-01-05 Hubert P Yockey Ion accelerating and focusing system
US2754442A (en) * 1954-05-25 1956-07-10 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Ion source
US3005931A (en) * 1960-03-29 1961-10-24 Raphael A Dandl Ion gun
US3121816A (en) * 1960-09-22 1964-02-18 High Voltage Engineering Corp Ion source for positive ion accelerators
US3137801A (en) * 1960-09-22 1964-06-16 High Voltage Engineering Corp Duoplasmatron-type ion source including a non-magnetic anode and magnetic extractor electrode
US3122882A (en) * 1960-11-23 1964-03-03 Aerojet General Co Propulsion means

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3350884A (en) * 1963-08-19 1967-11-07 Snecma Propellent supply to electro-thermic ejectors
US3371489A (en) * 1964-10-23 1968-03-05 Hughes Aircraft Co Porous-plug low work-function film cathodes for electron-bombardment ion thrustors
US3350885A (en) * 1966-03-08 1967-11-07 Gen Electric Fluid metal vaporizer
US3394874A (en) * 1967-02-09 1968-07-30 Gen Electrodynamics Corp Ion pumping electron gun
US3512362A (en) * 1968-02-21 1970-05-19 Trw Inc Colloid thrustor extractor plate
US3575003A (en) * 1968-10-29 1971-04-13 Gen Electric Semisolid propellant and thrustor therefor
US3754397A (en) * 1970-10-23 1973-08-28 Trw Inc Colloid engine beam thrust vectoring
US3789608A (en) * 1971-10-14 1974-02-05 Communications Satellite Corp Type of colloid propulsion
US4328667A (en) * 1979-03-30 1982-05-11 The European Space Research Organisation Field-emission ion source and ion thruster apparatus comprising such sources
US4264813A (en) * 1979-06-29 1981-04-28 International Business Machines Corportion High intensity ion source using ionic conductors
US4240007A (en) * 1979-06-29 1980-12-16 International Business Machines Corporation Microchannel ion gun
EP0021204A1 (de) * 1979-06-29 1981-01-07 International Business Machines Corporation Ionengenerator
US4318028A (en) * 1979-07-20 1982-03-02 Phrasor Scientific, Inc. Ion generator
US4318030A (en) * 1980-05-12 1982-03-02 Hughes Aircraft Company Liquid metal ion source
US4318029A (en) * 1980-05-12 1982-03-02 Hughes Aircraft Company Liquid metal ion source
FR2510304A1 (fr) * 1981-07-24 1983-01-28 Europ Agence Spatiale Source ionique a emission de champ, notamment pour propulseur ionique a applications spatiales
US4488045A (en) * 1981-09-03 1984-12-11 Jeol Ltd. Metal ion source
US4563610A (en) * 1982-12-20 1986-01-07 Nissin-High Voltage Co., Ltd. Device for generating negative-ion beams by alkaline metal ion sputtering
US5033355A (en) * 1983-03-01 1991-07-23 Gt-Device Method of and apparatus for deriving a high pressure, high temperature plasma jet with a dielectric capillary
US4715261A (en) * 1984-10-05 1987-12-29 Gt-Devices Cartridge containing plasma source for accelerating a projectile
US4821508A (en) * 1985-06-10 1989-04-18 Gt-Devices Pulsed electrothermal thruster
US4821509A (en) * 1985-06-10 1989-04-18 Gt-Devices Pulsed electrothermal thruster
FR2623658A1 (fr) * 1987-11-19 1989-05-26 Max Planck Gesellschaft Dispositif fonctionnant avec ionisation par contact pour l'elaboration d'un rayon d'ions acceleres
US5397901A (en) * 1990-06-12 1995-03-14 American Technologies, Inc. Forming charges in a fluid and generation of a charged beam
US5157260A (en) * 1991-05-17 1992-10-20 Finnian Corporation Method and apparatus for focusing ions in viscous flow jet expansion region of an electrospray apparatus
AT500412A1 (de) * 2002-12-23 2005-12-15 Arc Seibersdorf Res Gmbh Flüssigmetall-ionenquelle
AT500412B1 (de) * 2002-12-23 2006-06-15 Arc Seibersdorf Res Gmbh Flüssigmetall-ionenquelle
US20160133426A1 (en) * 2013-06-12 2016-05-12 General Plasma, Inc. Linear duoplasmatron
US10134557B2 (en) 2013-06-12 2018-11-20 General Plasma, Inc. Linear anode layer slit ion source
CN109018443A (zh) * 2018-07-03 2018-12-18 东南大学 气体喷射与电喷射一体化混合驱动装置
CN109018443B (zh) * 2018-07-03 2021-07-27 东南大学 气体喷射与电喷射一体化混合驱动装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB982671A (en) 1965-02-10
DE1248820B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR1327124A (fr) 1963-05-17

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