Classifications

• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D06M—TREATMENT, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE IN CLASS D06, OF FIBRES, THREADS, YARNS, FABRICS, FEATHERS OR FIBROUS GOODS MADE FROM SUCH MATERIALS
  • D06M23/00—Treatment of fibres, threads, yarns, fabrics or fibrous goods made from such materials, characterised by the process
  • D06M23/06—Processes in which the treating agent is dispersed in a gas, e.g. aerosols
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
  • D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
  • D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
  • Y10T137/8593—Systems
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
  • Y10T428/2395—Nap type surface
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
  • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
  • Y10T428/31855—Of addition polymer from unsaturated monomers

Definitions

• This invention pertains to woven textile fabrics, in particular to fabrics useful as a paper-machine felt such as is employed in the manufacture of pulp, paper, board, asbestos-cement sheets, pipes and similar or related products.
• the material in accordance with the present invention, may be woven flat and then made into an endless band such as a paper-machine felt by joining the ends of a pre determined length of the woven fabric, or it may be initially woven as an endless band in accordance with well known weaving processes.
• these felts were manufactured entirely from wool yarns, or, particularly in the case of the felts used in the production of asbestos-cement products, from a combination of wool and cotton.
• nylon, polyester and similar synthetic fibres it was found that by manufacturing the felt from yarns composed of blends of wool fibres and synthetic fibres, the abrasion-resistance of the felts was greatly improved and the felts exhibited a longer service life.
• needling is effected in any known manner, as by passing the woven fabric through a machine wherein the surface of the fabric is frequently pierced by barbed needles, the result being to force the nap fibres consituting the raised surface into the body of the fabric.
• endless woven fabric is intended to include not only fabric which is woven endless, initially Qthe weft in the loom becoming the warp in the finished fabric), but also a length of fabric, woven fiat, whose ends have been joined, and wherein the warps and wefts of the fabric are the loom warps and wefts.
• warp is, therefore, meant those yarns arranged in the longitudinal direction of the endless finished product (regardless of how pro cuted), such as a papermarkers dryer felt and by the term weft is meant those yarns arranged in a direction which is transverse of the length of the finished product.
• the synthetic content of the yarns may be in the form of a plurality of continuous filaments, or staple fibres thereof, and general references to synthetic fibres or fibres when they occur herein and in the claims hereof are inteded to include, within their scope, both forms.
• the object of the present invention is to simulate in a predominantly synthetic felt, the effect obtained when wool is felted.
• adjacent fibres become entangled one with another, and not only do fibres within the same yarn become entangled, but the surface fibres of one yarn become entangled with the surface fibres of adjacent yarns running parallel and with the surface fibres of yarns crossing one another.
• surface fibres of one yarn become entangled with the surface fibres of adjacent yarns running parallel and with the surface fibres of yarns crossing one another.
• adjacent fibres become attached to one another, and yarns are likewise attached to each other at their crossing points.
• synthetic fibres which contact at crossing points are joined together by integral bonds of the material of which they are composed.
• One object of the present invention is to provide an adequately water-pervious woven fabric, for use as a papermachine felt, which is wholly or predominantly of synthetic fibre and which has not been subjected to a needling or equivalent operation.
• a further object is to provide a woven textile fabric sufficiently pervious to the passage of water and sufficiently flexible to function satisfactorily as a paper-machine felt and which consists, at least predominantly, of synthetic fibres and wherein, Whereever constituent synthetic fibres, in crossing, touch one another, they are integrally joined together at their mutual points of contact.
• the invention provides a novel woven fabric, adequately water-pervious and sufficiently flexible for use as a paper-machine felt and which is predominantly of synthetic fibrous material and having at least one outer surface acceptably smooth for such use and wherein adjacent, crossing synthetic fibres are integrally bonded together at their mutual points of contact.
• the fabric may be produced by interweaving warps and wefts, predominantly of synthetic fibrous material to form a woven structure acceptable for use as a paper-machine felt, and thereafter subjecting the fabric to the action of a reagent which causes some, at least, of the constituent synthetic fibres to coalesce where one fibre contacts another in crossing, whereby said contacting fibres are integrally and permanently bonded together.
• the preferred reagent is an aqueous solution of an inorganic salt which, in concentrated form, is effective to gel synthetic fibres employed.
• suitable salts are calcium and lithium bromides and calcium and magnesium thiocyanates.
• suitable salts are calcium and magnesium thiocyanates.
• the constituent yarns of the woven fabric are of substantially the same degree of roundness as when the fabric was woven and the interstices between the yarns are not reduced in area, as would result from the flattening of the yarns by the application of heat and pressure.
• a woven fabric for use as a paper-machine felt is composed of a mixture of two synthetic fibrous materials
• the fabric is composed of nylon and Terylene
• the concentration of inorganic salt in the impregnating liquor can be as low as 0.5% by weight, although for good fibre-to-fibre bonding, it is preferred that a 2% to 5% solution is used, and the solution can, in fact, have a concentration of inorganic reactant as high as by weight.
• An endless woven fabric of a structure suitable for use is as a paper-machine felt has warp and weft yarns spun from crimped nylon staple fibres.
• the fabric is treated at ambient temperature for minutes in a 5% by weight solution of lithium bromide, 4 gallons of solution being 'used for every 10 lb. of synthetic fiibre.
• the impregnated fabric is hydro-extracted and then dried on a felt-stretching machine, at least one cylinder of which is heated.
• the fabric need not necessarily be woven wholly from spun synthetic yarns and, as has been pointed out hereinbefore, the general references to synthetic fibres and fibres herein and in the claims, are not intended to be limited to the fibres of such yarns.
• the warp yarns may be spun from crimped synthetic fibres, or from straight synthetic staple fibres, or may be continuous filament synthetic yarns, or continuous filament bulked synthetic yarns of the non-stretch type, such as Taslan-textured yarns, or yarns composed of a core of continuous filament synthetic yarns around which is wrapped a finer Taslan-textured yarn.
• Taslan is a trademark registered by E. I.
• the weft yarns are preferably spun from synthetic staple fibres, but these staple fibres may be the commercially-produced crimped synthetic fibres, or they may be prepared by cutting into staple fibre lengths those commercially-produced continuous filament yarns which are known as bulked yarns and stretch yarns and bulked and stretch yarns.
• many of the synthetic fibres are integrally joined by bonds which occur predominantly at points at which fibres contact where they cross one another. It should be remembered that it is extremely rare to find two fibres in a spun yarn which make a line contact of appreciable length, although they may repeatedly cross each other. Since the migration of the liquid toward fibre-crossing points is at the expense of liquid which coats fibres at other places, the probability of forming bonds between fibres which are generally parallel, although closely adjacent, is very much reduced, so that the present process does not result in stiffening or reducing the normal flexibility of the felt to a degree such as to impair its utility for the intended purpose and does not substantially decrease the initial permeability of the original woven fabric.
• the present fibre bonding process can be applied with advantage to the wholly or predominantly synthetic paper-machine felts, described in our copending United States application Serial No. 47,955, filed August 9, 1960, now US. Patent No. 3,063,127, in which the weft yarns are spun from blends which contain shrinkable With felts for use on certain types of paper-machines it is preferred to raise, as .by napping, one or both surfaces of the woven fabric before impregnation with the reactant solution. In other instances, it is preferred first to bond the fibres by impregnation, evaporation of the entrained water and rewashing and thereafter to raise one or both surfaces. In this latter case, although the operation of raising breaks some of the bonds on the surface fibres, these fibres are still bonded below the raised surface, and the fibres of the yarns unaffected by raising are, of course, still bonded to one another.
• the nap fibres collectively mask the weave pattern and provide a smooth surface.
• a papermakers felt consisting of material wherein uncoated warp and weft yarns are so intercalated as to provide a water-absorbent structure acceptable to constitute the base fabric of a conventional 'papermakers felt, and wherein the Warp and weft yarns are of substantially the same degree of roundness, in transverse section, as when freshly woven, the warp and weft yarns being in major proportions, at least, of synthetic fibres;
• the felt possessing desirable characteristics of a conventional wool felt including tensile strength, flexibility and permeability to water but possessing greater abrasive resistance and having a longer service life than an all-wool felt, one face, at least, of the felt comprising nap fibres which mask the weave pattern and collectively provide a smooth surface of the kind desirable in paper making, the felt bing substantially devoid of any substance other than that comprised in the original warp and Weft yarns, as woven, and being further characterized in that, predominantly at points at which constituent fibres cross and contact one another, they are
• a woven papermakers felt according to claim 1 further characterized in that the fibres which coalesce at their crossing points are predominantly polyamide fibres.
• a woven papermakers felt according to claim 1 further characterized in that the fibres which coalesce at their crossing points are predominantly acrylic fibres.
• a woven papermakers felt according to claim 1 further characterized in that the fibres which coalesce at their crossing points are predominantly polyester fibres.

Landscapes

• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Textile Engineering (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)
• Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
• Woven Fabrics (AREA)

Priority Applications (1)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=10263227

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Cited By (1)

Families Citing this family (1)

Citations (18)

• 1959
  • 1959-08-13 GB GB27662/59A patent/GB963212A/en not_active Expired
• 1960
  • 1960-08-08 US US47956A patent/US3224923A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1960-08-08 NO NO136956A patent/NO125240B/no unknown
  • 1960-08-12 FI FI601357A patent/FI46280C/fi active
  • 1960-08-12 DE DE19601419465 patent/DE1419465A1/de active Pending
  • 1960-08-13 SE SE7797/60A patent/SE311278B/xx unknown
  • 1960-08-13 CH CH917860A patent/CH390669A/de unknown

Patent Citations (18)

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