US3223581A - Process for the production of a sheet of synthetic polymer fibrous material - Google Patents

Process for the production of a sheet of synthetic polymer fibrous material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3223581A
US3223581A US240342A US24034262A US3223581A US 3223581 A US3223581 A US 3223581A US 240342 A US240342 A US 240342A US 24034262 A US24034262 A US 24034262A US 3223581 A US3223581 A US 3223581A
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synthetic polymer
fibers
web
strands
sheet
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US240342A
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Sommer Erwin
Gerlach Klaus
Werner Helmut
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Glanzstoff AG
Vereinigte Glanzstoff Fabriken AG
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Glanzstoff AG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H5/00—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for
    • D21H5/12—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials
    • D21H5/20—Special paper or cardboard not otherwise provided for characterised by the use of special fibrous materials of organic non-cellulosic fibres too short for spinning, with or without cellulose fibres
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section

Definitions

  • the present invention is concerned with a process for producing sheet or paper-like structures of synthetic polymer fibers, and more particularly, the invention is concerned with an improvement in the formation of fibrous sheets or webs when laying or depositing fibers of a synthetic polymer from an aqueous dispersion onto a supporting surface and subsequently removing water from the fibrous web.
  • the over-all procedure for making paper or similar sheet materials is substantially the same in each case regardless of the particular fiber, although there may be a number of minor variations such as pretreatment of the fibers by heating or refining or the incorporation of additives such as binders, adhesives, thickening agents, fillers and the like.
  • the fibers are first dispersed in a liquid, preferably Water for obvious economical reasons, the dispersion of fibers being maintained by thorough mixing and/ or the addition of a suitable dispersing agent.
  • the resulting pulp or fiber dispersion is then transferred or flowed onto a moving screen or sieve for removal of at least part of the water and formation of a fibrous Web or fleece.
  • the moving screen employed for this purpose corresponds to one of two gen eral types, the Fourdrinier machine and the cylinder machine. After the fibrous web has been formed, it is transferred from the moving screen onto other suitable apparatus for removal of any remaining water and formation of a solid sheet by the application of heat and/or pressure and/or adhesives.
  • the paper-making process is particularly adapted to the manufacture of paper from cellulosic fibers, and it has been quite difficult to treat fibers of synthetic polymers by this same process.
  • a waterlaid fleece or fibrous web of synthetic polymer fibers cannot be transferred from the Fourdrinier or similar moving screen without being torn or pulled apart, because there is very little cohesion between the individual polymer fibers.
  • synthetic polymer fibers In contrast to natural cellulosic fibers which can be beaten into very fine fibers or fibrils, it has been practically impossible to provide synthetic polymer fibers with similar properties capable of forming a relatively strong and cohesive waterlaid fibrous web. This is partly due to the fact that it is very expensive to form fibrils from synthetic polymers, and partly due to the fact that synthetic polymer fibers have very low swelling values and a high degree of water-repellency.
  • a sheet of synthetic polymer fibers is made by adding to the aqueous dispersion a relatively large proportion of cellulose fibers, for example, in amounts up to about 30% by weight.
  • cellulosic fibers have been modified with minor amounts of synthetic polymer fibers in order to impart certain properties to the resulting paper product. It will be obvious that such procedures do not take full advantage of the preferred properties of the synthetic polymer fibers, and the admixture of very small amounts of a cellulose pulp does not overcome the disadvantages in working with the waterlaid fibrous web.
  • Another process suggested by the prior art consists in the addition of certain adhesives or viscosity-increasing agents to the fiber dispersion in order to increase the strength of the fibrous web.
  • a typical example of this procedure is the addition of carboxymethyl cellulose in an amount of about 0.1-5 by weight to the aqueous dispersion of the fibers. It will be evident that the fiber dispersion then contains about parts by weight or more of the additive for each part by weight of fibers. Since the additive, such as carboxymethyl cellulose, is generally at least partly soluble in water, large amounts of the additive will 'be removed as the fibrous web is drained or dewatered, and it is therefore essential to recirculate the water in order to avoid substantial loss of the additive. Furthermore, the carboxymethyl cellulose or other additive remaining in the fibrous web must be washed out during subsequent processing steps or at least removed from the finished product, since such additives impair the quality, color, or other desirable properties of the final product.
  • fibrids may be characterized as ultra-fine fibers which can be obtained, for example, when a solution of a synthetic polymer is sprayed with high velocity onto the surface of a precipitation bath.
  • the production of these fibrids and their use in the formation of waterlaid fibrous Webs from aqueous dispersions is described in detail in US. Patent No. 3,062,702.
  • the use of such fibrids in the paper-making process does result in a stronger and more easily handled fibrous web, and it is possible in this manner to produce a sheet composed solely of synthetic polymer fibers.
  • the methods required for the production of the fibrids are quite complicated and very expensive, particularly because large amounts of solvents and precipitating agents must be circulated and treated during production and recovery of the fibrids.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to provide a new and improved process for the production of a sheet of synthetic polymer fibrous material wherein the waterlaid fleece or web of fibers is sufliciently strong so that it can be transferred from the screen of the paper-making machine and otherwise handled during subsequent treatment without being ruptured or pulled apart.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a commercially practical and economical process for the felting or waterlaying of synthetic polymer fibers in which it is possible to obtain the advantages of conventional filament spinning methods and paper-making processes.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a waterlaid or felted product consisting substantially or wholly of synthetic polymer fibers in the form of a strong, continuous water-containing web or fleece, and it is also an object of the invention to produce this product without employing special adhesives or thickening agents.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 represent a cross-section of intercontacting synthetic polymer fibers as employed for the purposes of this invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic representation of suitable papermaking apparatus for carrying out the process of this invention.
  • a sheet or paper-like structure can be readily produced from fibers of synthetic polymers, by forming a fibrous web on a supporting surface, such as the usual screen or sieve of a paper-making machine, the fibrous web being formed with individual fibers which consist predominantly of synthetic polymer strands having smooth and flat surfaces, whereby the individual fibers are in contact with each other along these flat surfaces.
  • a supporting surface such as the usual screen or sieve of a paper-making machine
  • the process steps correspond to the usual paper-making procedure in which the fibers are first trans ferred from an aqueous dispersion to a screen or similar supporting surface of a paper-making machine, water is then withdrawn from the waterlaid and interlaced fibers to form a fibrous web or fleece on the supporting surface, and the web is then removed from the supporting surface and finally formed into a solid sheet of bonded fibrous material by heating, applying pressure and/or applying various well-known sprays, plastic or resin dispersions, adhesives or the like.
  • the web containing a 30-85% residual moisture content can be more fully dried with removal of part or all of the remaining water just prior to solidification of the web, or the residual moisture can i also be removed during or after solidification or bonding of the fibers in the web.
  • a residual moisture content of 30-85% is essential in combination with the particular synthetic polymer strands of the invention in order to produce a waterlaid web or sheet on the papermaking machine with suflicient strength or cohesiveness for subsequent removal of the web from the supporting screen without tearing or otherwise substantially damaging the web.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 of the drawing illustrate two types of such synthetic polymer strands which meet the necessary conditions of the invention with respect to surface area and shape.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates fibers in the form of bands or tapes, having a substantially rectangular cross-section, and it is apparent how the fiat surfaces of these small bands contact each other in the waterlaid sheet. The same result is achieved with fibers as represented in cross-section in FIG. 2, wherein the strands have an approximately triangular cross-section.
  • fibrous synthetic polymer strands of other types are also suitable provided that they present essentially smooth and flat or planar surfaces, thereby providing a large area of contact between fiber surfaces.
  • the most favorable conditions will exist when the ratio of the cross-sectional circumference to the cross-sectional area is as great as possible.
  • all fiber-forming or film-forming synthetic polymers can be used in order to form the flat-surfaced strands required for the purposes of this invention.
  • such polymers include polyamides such as nylon and polycaprolactam, polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate, polyolefines such as polyethylene and polypropylene, and polymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride, vinylidine chloride and the like.
  • polyamides such as nylon and polycaprolactam
  • polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate
  • polyolefines such as polyethylene and polypropylene
  • polymers or copolymers of acrylonitrile, vinyl chloride, vinylidine chloride and the like the structure or shape of the synthetic polymer fibrous strand is the important consideration, and the chemical composition of the polymer is important only because synthetic polymer fibers as a class cannot be hydrated or subjected to fibrillation according to the usual paper-making procedure with natural or artificial cellulose fibers.
  • Synthetic polymer fibrous strands having the required shape or form can be obtained quite easily by spinning the molten polymer through a nozzle orifice or opening having the desired cross-sectional shape.
  • strands, having the shape shown in FIG. l can be obtained by extrusion through a nozzle with a substantially rectangular slit-shaped opening.
  • a triangular nozzle opening will produce the cross-section of the fibrous strand in FIG. 2, e.g., an isosceles triangle.
  • it is possible to obtain such fibrous strands by cutting up thin foils or films of the synthetic polymer.
  • the cross-sectional shape of the polymer strand need not be absolutely uniform or correspond to an exact geometric configuration, and slight variations are permitted within the scope of the invention, e.g., rounded edges or somewhat irregular surfaces.
  • the strands may have the form of flattened ovals or equilateral triangles or narrow trapezoids. The most favorable results are obtained when the polymer strand has two oppositely disposed flat faces or planar surfaces and relatively smaller or narrower edges separating the two faces.
  • the length of the cross-section should be relatively large by comparison to the width, and it is preferred to have a ratio of maximum length to maximum width of the cross-section of at least 3:1 or more. In general, this ratio of maximum length to maximum width should fall within a range of 3:1 to 10:1.
  • the denier of the fibers or strands according to the invention should be as low as possible and should amount to not more than about 3 denier, preferably about 0.8 to 2.0 denier.
  • the length of the individual strands is dependent upon the properties or characteristics desired in the finished sheet product. In general, however, the synthetic polymer strands should have a length of about 1 to 10 mm., preferably 2 to 6 mm.
  • the web or fleece which is waterlaid from an aqueous dispersion should consist predominantly of fibrous strands having the above-described shapes or configurations, and it will be obvious that one may use mixtures of difierently shaped fibers as well as mixtures of fibers prepared from different synthetic polymers.
  • the present invention is especially useful for producing waterlaid webs or fleeces which consist wholly of synthetic polymer fibers. In any case, the invention is directed especially to waterlaid webs containing at least 90% by weight and preferably 95% by weight of synthetic polymer fibers with respect to the total weight of fibers in the web.
  • the waterlaid web and the finished sheet product may alsocontain small amounts of other fibers or such materials as fillers, binders, pigments or the like.
  • such additives should ordinarily be. present in amounts of not more than and preferably not more than 5% by weight with reference to the dry web.
  • the actual manner in which the synthetic polymer strands are formed into a sheet structure according to the invention can be described as follows.
  • About 0.01 to 0.5 and preferably 0.05 to 0.1 parts by weight of the polymer strands are firstdispersed in 100 parts by weight of water, in a conventional mixing box or pulp tank 1.
  • the fibrous dispersion is preferably achieved by the addition of a small amount of any conventional dispersing agent together with intense mixing or rapid agitation of the pulp.
  • the alkane sulfonate type of dispersing agent can be readily employed, these agents being characterized by a sulfonate group attached to a long chain aliphatic radical as the hydrophobic group.
  • Such compounds are typical anionic surface active agents as .described, for example, in chapter 4 of Surface Active Agents, by Schwartz and Perry, Interscience Publishers, Inc. (1949).
  • the alkane sulfonates having an ester intermediate linkage are especially useful, for example in which a sulfonated lower alkanol is esterified with a long chain alphatic carboxylic acid such as oleic,
  • stearic and palmitic acids or other fatty acids and their closely related derivatives are obtained commercially in the form of their sodium salts of the formula RCOOC H SO Na in which R is the residue of a fatty acid such as oleic acid.
  • RCOOC H SO Na the residue of a fatty acid such as oleic acid.
  • Igepon A, AP andAP Extra are sold under the trade name Igepon A, AP andAP Extra.
  • Other suitable dispersing agents for the purposes of this invention are the nonionic compounds which .are obtained by the action of ethylene oxide on highmolecular alcohols (e.g., oleyl alcohol) and which have the. formula R(OC H ,OH
  • R is a long chain aliphatic residue and n is a number between 9 and 20.
  • Such compounds are wellknown under the trade names Emulphor O, Emullat, Cirrasol SF, and Peregal G, for example.
  • the aqueous dispersion or fiber pulp is discharged or poured from the mixing box 1 through a slit-shaped or elongated opening 2 onto the so-called wire or endless screen belt 3 of a conventional paper-making machine such as the Fourdrinier.
  • a Fourdrinier machine is preferred with its vibrating or shaking action which tends to orient the synthetic polymer strands so as to align and intercontact the flat surfaces thereof.
  • As the layer of fiber pulp is conveyed as a fleece or web F by the wire or endless screen or any similar perforated supporting surface, water is drained off by means of suitable suction boxes 4 and squeeze rollers 5. If desired, other rollers may also be provided to work the fibrous pulp into a relatively uniform waterlaid fleece or web.
  • Sufiicient water is removed from the fleece or web F so that by the time it leaves the endless screen 3, for example at point 6, it has a residual moisture content of 30 to 85% by weight, and preferably 60 to 75% by weight, with reference to the weight of the wet fleece. With this residual moisture content, the fleece is then transferred to a second conveyor belt in the form of a second enddoes not tear apart. .be solidified by bonding the individual polymer strands does it tear. of apparatus not represented in the drawing and conto each other by conventional means not shown in the drawing. This solidification can be easily accomplished by the application of pressure and/or heat with or without the application of various adhesive or bonding agents which are well-known in the art.
  • Fillers, pigments or the like may also be added at the same time that the waterlaid fibrous web is solidified.
  • solidification is employed herein with reference to the permanentbonding of the individual strands to each other as distinct from the solidification of a molten material or the adherence of the water-coated flat surfaces of the individual fibrous strands in the waterlaid web.
  • Example 1 Polycaprolactam is melted in the usual manner and is spun through a 36-hole nozzle with a rectangular crosssection of each hole or opening of x 600 my.
  • the drawing-off speed of the extruded strands is 1000 m./min.
  • After stretching in a ratio .of 1:3, the resulting strands have an individual fiber denier of 2 and a cross-section as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the strands are then freed from excess spinning preparation by washing with a soap solution and are cut to a length of 5 mm.
  • a 0.05% aqueous fiber dispersion is prepared by mixing the strands in water together with several cubic centimeters of a 10% aqueous solution of a sodium salt of a higher aliphatic sulfonic acid of the formula as a dispersing agent.
  • the dispersion is homogenized by intense agitation and is then processed with the apparatus shown schematically in FIG. 3.
  • the fiber dispersion is first discharged from mixing box 1, through slit-shaped opening 2 ontothe moving endless screen 3, on which the fiber pulp is worked into a fleece or web F.
  • the screen is equipped with'suction boxes 4 and squeeze rollers 5.
  • Example 2 Corresponding to the data of Example 1, polyethylene terephthalate is spun from the melt with the use of a 36-hole nozzle.
  • the rectangular cross-section of the nozzle openings is 60 x 800 my.
  • the drawing-01f speed amounts to 500 m./min. Stretching is carried out in a ratio of 1:4, and the resulting strands are obtained with an individual fiber denier of 1.2, the cross-section again appearing as in FIG. 1.
  • the strands are cut to a length of 6 mm.
  • a 0.05 aqueous fiber dispersion is prepared and is further processed on the paper-making machine according to the data of Example 1.
  • the fiber fleece leaving the Fourdrinier screen has a residual moisture content of 70% (with reference to the weight of the wet fleece).
  • the fleece is sprayed with a aqueous dispersion of polymethacrylic acid ester.
  • the fleece or web is finally dried without application of pressure at a temperature of about 110 C. so as to provide a soft liner material consisting of a bonded fibrous sheet.
  • Example 3 A polyamide of adipic acid and hexamethylene diamine (nylon) is spun from the melt and stretched under the same conditions described in Example 2.
  • the strands in this case likewise have an individual fiber denier of 1.2 and are cut to a length of 6 mm.
  • a 0.05% aqueous dispersion of these strands is prepared with the same dispersing agent mentioned in Example 1.
  • the residual moisture content of the waterlaid fleece is 75%.
  • the solidification of the fleece is accomplished by spraying With a 5% methanolic copolyamide solution (the copolyamide consisting of 60% hexamethylene diamine adipate and caprolactarn). Drying is then carried out at about 70 C., and the web is subsequently pressed at about 120 C. and a pressure of 5 kg./cm.
  • the final sheet product has a smooth paper-like structure.
  • Example 4 A melt of polypropylene is spun through a 36-hole nozzle with a rectangular cross-section of the nozzle openings of x 800 my. at a drawing-off speed of 500 m./rnin. Stretching is carried out in a ratio of 1:3, and the resulting strands have an individual fiber denier of 1.3 and are cut to a length of 5 mm.
  • Example 2 From these strands, there is prepared a 0.08% aqueous dispersion, making use of the dispersing agent described in Example 1.
  • the fibrous dispersion is then processed on the paper-making apparatus as in Example 1 to a residual moisture content of The fleece is finally sprayed with a 10% aqueous dispersion of :polyrnethacrylic acid ester, dried at about C. and thereupon pressed at C. and under a pressure of 5 kg./cm.
  • a smooth, soft, paper-like web is obtained in which the individual strands are bonded together.
  • the present invention permits a very economical production of sheet or paper-like structures of synthetic polymer fibrous materials while using conventional papermaking apparatus.
  • the intermediate waterlaid fibrous fleece or web is characterized by its unusual strength and resistance to deformation so that subsequent treatment steps such as drying and solidification by bonding can be carried out without any difficulties. Because of this ease in handling the waterlaid web, the final or finished product in the form of a solidified sheet or paper-like structure has a much more uniform quality and strength than could be achieved in prior processes.
  • the process of the invention thus provides a greater opportunity for making useful articles which consist wholly or at least predominantly of waterlaid and bonded synthetic polymer fibers.

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US240342A 1961-11-30 1962-11-27 Process for the production of a sheet of synthetic polymer fibrous material Expired - Lifetime US3223581A (en)

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DEV21700A DE1165400B (de) 1961-11-30 1961-11-30 Herstellung von flaechigen Gebilden aus faserigem Material aus synthetischen Polymeren

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BE (1) BE623867A (de)
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Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3271237A (en) * 1963-09-17 1966-09-06 Glanzstoff Ag Process for the production of a fibrous polyamide laminar structure
US3359155A (en) * 1963-10-28 1967-12-19 Kurashiki Rayon Co Process for preparing a viscose spinning solution, fibers formed therefrom and paper containing said fibers
US3436304A (en) * 1965-05-19 1969-04-01 Dow Chemical Co Method for manufacturing nonwoven fibrous products from gel fibers
US3509269A (en) * 1968-06-11 1970-04-28 Western Electric Co Thermal barriers for cables
US3669829A (en) * 1969-02-04 1972-06-13 Montedison Spa Paper and paper-like fibrous structures from mixtures of natural, artificial and synthetic fibers
US3884855A (en) * 1971-03-24 1975-05-20 Davy Ashmore Ag Process for the production of regenerate from polypropylene waste
US3904804A (en) * 1968-10-14 1975-09-09 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Polyolefin micro-flake aggregation useful for manufacturing synthetic papers and polyolefin synthetic papers obtainable therewith
US3936512A (en) * 1968-10-14 1976-02-03 Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Process for manufacturing a synthetic microflake aggregate
US4172057A (en) * 1977-05-06 1979-10-23 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Amino-resin compositions
US4392861A (en) * 1980-10-14 1983-07-12 Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company Two-ply fibrous facing material
US4425126A (en) 1979-12-28 1984-01-10 Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company Fibrous material and method of making the same using thermoplastic synthetic wood pulp fibers
EP0193798A1 (de) * 1985-02-26 1986-09-10 Teijin Limited Papierähnliches Polyesterfaserblatt
EP0198400A1 (de) * 1985-04-09 1986-10-22 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Wasserdispergierbare Synthesefaser
EP0211165A1 (de) * 1985-08-08 1987-02-25 Teijin Limited Basismaterial für eine Wabenkernstruktur und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
EP0235820A1 (de) * 1986-03-06 1987-09-09 Teijin Limited Papierähnliches Druckblatt aus Polyesterfasern
US4707407A (en) * 1985-04-09 1987-11-17 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Synthetic water-dispersible fiber
US5017268A (en) * 1986-09-09 1991-05-21 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Filler compositions and their use in papermaking
US5607491A (en) * 1994-05-04 1997-03-04 Jackson; Fred L. Air filtration media
WO1998050608A1 (en) * 1997-05-05 1998-11-12 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Polyester yarn
EP1211338A1 (de) * 2000-12-01 2002-06-05 Oji Paper Co., Ltd. Flache synthetische Faser, Herstellungsverfahren und daraus hergestellter Vliesstoff

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GB1064475A (en) * 1962-09-12 1967-04-05 Kurashiki Rayon Kk Paper
WO1994019531A1 (en) * 1993-02-25 1994-09-01 Fibresaver Pty. Ltd. Treatment of fibrous materials

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US2810646A (en) * 1953-09-17 1957-10-22 American Cyanamid Co Water-laid webs comprising water-fibrillated, wet-spun filaments of an acrylonitrile polymer and method of producing them
US2999788A (en) * 1958-12-09 1961-09-12 Du Pont Synthetic polymer fibrid paper
US3002880A (en) * 1957-11-20 1961-10-03 American Enka Corp Manufacture of paper
US3081519A (en) * 1962-01-31 1963-03-19 Fibrillated strand

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US2810646A (en) * 1953-09-17 1957-10-22 American Cyanamid Co Water-laid webs comprising water-fibrillated, wet-spun filaments of an acrylonitrile polymer and method of producing them
US3002880A (en) * 1957-11-20 1961-10-03 American Enka Corp Manufacture of paper
US2999788A (en) * 1958-12-09 1961-09-12 Du Pont Synthetic polymer fibrid paper
US3068527A (en) * 1958-12-09 1962-12-18 Du Pont Process for the production of a fibrid slurry
US3081519A (en) * 1962-01-31 1963-03-19 Fibrillated strand

Cited By (22)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3271237A (en) * 1963-09-17 1966-09-06 Glanzstoff Ag Process for the production of a fibrous polyamide laminar structure
US3359155A (en) * 1963-10-28 1967-12-19 Kurashiki Rayon Co Process for preparing a viscose spinning solution, fibers formed therefrom and paper containing said fibers
US3436304A (en) * 1965-05-19 1969-04-01 Dow Chemical Co Method for manufacturing nonwoven fibrous products from gel fibers
US3509269A (en) * 1968-06-11 1970-04-28 Western Electric Co Thermal barriers for cables
US3904804A (en) * 1968-10-14 1975-09-09 Mitsubishi Rayon Co Polyolefin micro-flake aggregation useful for manufacturing synthetic papers and polyolefin synthetic papers obtainable therewith
US3936512A (en) * 1968-10-14 1976-02-03 Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd. Process for manufacturing a synthetic microflake aggregate
US3669829A (en) * 1969-02-04 1972-06-13 Montedison Spa Paper and paper-like fibrous structures from mixtures of natural, artificial and synthetic fibers
US3884855A (en) * 1971-03-24 1975-05-20 Davy Ashmore Ag Process for the production of regenerate from polypropylene waste
US4172057A (en) * 1977-05-06 1979-10-23 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Amino-resin compositions
US4425126A (en) 1979-12-28 1984-01-10 Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company Fibrous material and method of making the same using thermoplastic synthetic wood pulp fibers
US4392861A (en) * 1980-10-14 1983-07-12 Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company Two-ply fibrous facing material
EP0193798A1 (de) * 1985-02-26 1986-09-10 Teijin Limited Papierähnliches Polyesterfaserblatt
EP0198400A1 (de) * 1985-04-09 1986-10-22 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Wasserdispergierbare Synthesefaser
US4707407A (en) * 1985-04-09 1987-11-17 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Synthetic water-dispersible fiber
EP0211165A1 (de) * 1985-08-08 1987-02-25 Teijin Limited Basismaterial für eine Wabenkernstruktur und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
US4710432A (en) * 1985-08-08 1987-12-01 Teijin Limited Base material for honeycomb core structure and process for producing the same
EP0235820A1 (de) * 1986-03-06 1987-09-09 Teijin Limited Papierähnliches Druckblatt aus Polyesterfasern
US5017268A (en) * 1986-09-09 1991-05-21 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Filler compositions and their use in papermaking
US5607491A (en) * 1994-05-04 1997-03-04 Jackson; Fred L. Air filtration media
WO1998050608A1 (en) * 1997-05-05 1998-11-12 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Polyester yarn
US6413631B1 (en) 1997-05-05 2002-07-02 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Process of open-end spinning of polyester staple fiber
EP1211338A1 (de) * 2000-12-01 2002-06-05 Oji Paper Co., Ltd. Flache synthetische Faser, Herstellungsverfahren und daraus hergestellter Vliesstoff

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CH396620A (de) 1965-07-31
NL285942A (de)
DE1165400B (de) 1964-03-12
GB991946A (en) 1965-05-12
BE623867A (de)

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