US3223058A - Method and installation for the production of steam, particularly through the combustion of refuse and other low quality fuels - Google Patents

Method and installation for the production of steam, particularly through the combustion of refuse and other low quality fuels Download PDF

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Publication number
US3223058A
US3223058A US31925863A US3223058A US 3223058 A US3223058 A US 3223058A US 31925863 A US31925863 A US 31925863A US 3223058 A US3223058 A US 3223058A
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Prior art keywords
combustion
space
combustion space
refuse
location
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
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Tanner Richard
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Von Roll AG
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Von Roll AG
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/50—Control or safety arrangements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B7/00—Blast furnaces
    • C21B7/002—Evacuating and treating of exhaust gases
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B7/00—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
    • F23G5/12—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating using gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
    • F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B2700/00—Combustion apparatus for solid fuel
    • F23B2700/023—Combustion apparatus for solid fuel with various arrangements not otherwise provided for
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/26—Measuring humidity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/20—Recycling

Definitions

  • a further important object of the present invention is the provision of an improved method of and installation for the production of steam, especially through the combustion of low quality fuels, such as domestic refuse and the like, and affording good utilization of the rated capacity of the steam boiler as well as uniform heat transfer to such steam boiler.
  • an improved method of producing steam comprising burning high-quality fuel in a first combustion space, burning low-quality fuel in a separate second combustion space shielded against heat radiation from said first combustion space, leading gases produced in said second space to a location spaced from the first and second spaces, leading hot gases produced in the first space to said location at which they are continuously mixed with said gases produced in said second space, leading the mixed gases from said location into contact with a heat-transfer surface of a steam boiler to produce steam, and controlling the combustion process in said first space to control thermal properties of said mixed gases and thus to obtain a desired thermal action at said heat-transfer surface.
  • an improved installation for producing Patented Dec. 14, 1965 steam comprising a first combustion space for receiving high quality fuel, a second combustion space for receiving low quality fuel, separating and shielding means between said first combustion space and said second combustion space for shielding the second space against heat radiation from the first space, duct means so arranged that when the installation is in use, gases produced in said second space and hot gases produced in said first space are led to a location, which is spaced from the first and second spaces and at which said gases produced in said second space are continuously mixed with said gases produced in said first space, at least one heat-transfer surface of a steam boiler which is disposed downstream of said location, another duct means serving to lead the mixed gases from said location into contact with said surface, and means serving to regulate the combustion process in said first space.
  • the first combustion space can advantageously be the interior of at least one mufiie, in other words, a relatively small combustion chamber.
  • FIGURE 1 is a vertical sectional view through an installation for producing steam
  • FIGURE 2 shows a cross-sectional view taken along lines II-II in FIGURE 1.
  • the inventive installation includes a steam boiler of which only the heating surfaces 1, 2 of the aforesaid boiler are illustrated in FIGURE 1.
  • the heating surface 1 operates as a radiant heating surface and is located downstream of a refuse combustion space 5 and apertures or openings 10.
  • the heat-ing surface 2 is arranged in a downward flue for the gases of combustion.
  • An outlet 3 for these gases leads into a suitable chimney not shown in the drawing.
  • Fly ash is removed continuously or periodically at location 4.
  • a preliminary drying or predrying grate 6 and a refuse combustion grate 7 are arranged. Between the two grates there is situated a steep descending wall 11.
  • a device 9 which may be of standard construction and hence is not illustrated in detail, supplies the drying and combustion air to the grates 6 and 7 in known manner.
  • a device 9 which may be of standard construction and hence is not illustrated in detail, supplies the drying and combustion air to the grates 6 and 7 in known manner.
  • Situated above the combustion grate 7 and in respective opposite side walls are apertures or openings 10 which establish communication between the interiors of mufiles or combustion compartments 14 and 15, on the one hand, and a mixing location 16, on the other hand.
  • the refuse for burning is poured into an inlet shaft 12.
  • the installation includes supporting brickwork or masonry 13, as shown in FIG- URE 1.
  • Such brickwork is advantageously arranged such as to provide duct means for conducting the gases from the combustion space 5 as well as from the combustion chambers or compartments 14, 15 to the location 16, and from there to the heating surfaces 1 and 2.
  • the two combustion chambers 14 and 15 are advantageously arranged above and laterally of the refuse combustion space 5.
  • the radiant heating surface 1 and its associated boiler pipes 17 are seen above the combustion chambers 14, 15 in FIGURE 2.
  • Suitable burners 141, 151, air feed means 142, 152 and water injection nozzles 143, 153 are arranged in the combustion chambers 14 and 15.
  • the fuel burners 141, 151 can be designed optionally for oil burning, for pulverized coal burning, or for gas burning. Since details of the aforesaid burners, air feed means and injection nozzles are unimportant for the understanding of the invention, and further, insofar as such units may be conventional and of any construction suitable for the purposes of the invention, the same have for simplicity in illustration only been schematically represented in the drawing.
  • combustion chambers 14, 15 a particular length in order to ensure that the flame burns completely within the corresponding combustion chamber and also to give them construct-ions leading to the apertures 10.
  • This constructional arrangement of the combustion chambers 14, 15 shields and separates the refuse combustion space 5 against heat radiation from the aforesaid combustion chambers.
  • the refuse From the refuse inlet shaft 12shown in FIGURE 1, the refuse reaches the preliminary drying grate 6 and is pre-dried by means of hot air supplied by the device 9. Re-cycled hot flue gases can also be used by the device 9 to pre-dry the refuse.
  • the dried refuse drops over the wall 11 onto the actual combustion grate 7.
  • the combustion air in introduced below the grate 7 by the device 9, it also being possible in known manner (not shown) to introduce secondary air at some suitable point in the refuse combustion space 5.
  • the course of the gases which are produced by the combustion process in the refuse combustion space 5 is indicated by the lowest arrow in FIGURE 2.
  • the hotter gases produced by the combustion process in the combustion chambers 14 and 15 pass through the openings as indicated by the curved arrows in FIGURE 2, the two gas-streams being thereupon mixed in a continuous and uniform manner at a space or location 16, which is spaced from the combustion chambers 14 and and the refuse combustion space 5, in the manner best shown in FIGURE 2.
  • control of the production of hot gases is effected by controlling the admission of fuel at the burners 141, 151, the admission of air at the means 142, 152, and the introduction of water at the water injection nozzles 143, 153.
  • Control is effected in dependence on the characteristics of the refuse combustion, e.g. on temperature, oxygen content, and moisture content. Due to this control and the mixing of the gases, a predetermined and uniform action of heat on the heating surfaces 1, 2 of the steam boiler is maintained.
  • control means and measuring means for this purpose are known to the art and are therefore only schematically shown in FIG- URES l and 2.
  • the temperature measured at the uppermost part of the upward flue which we shall refer to briefly as above the heating surface 1, and at the flue gas outlet 3, and the boiler pressure act as control variables on the rate of supply of fuel at the burners 141, 151.
  • the value of these variables is continuously monitored as T T and P by conventional temperature and pressure feelers or measuring means shown in the drawings as elements 25, 27 and 28 respectively. These values are fed into a pair of conventional control means 26 which operate to open or close the valves 29 in'the fuel injection nozzles 141, 151.
  • T i.e. a greater consumption of steam the rate of introduction of fuel is increased.
  • the rate of introduction of fuel is decreased when the pressure, P, exceeds a predetermined maximum value.
  • the oxygen content measured in a conventional manner above the combustion grate 7 for refuse by measuring means 30, above the heating surface 1 by measuring means 31 and in the combustion chambers 14 and 15 by measuring means 32, act as a control variable on the rate of air admission at air feed means 142, 152, the respective values 0 O and 0 being fed to oxygen control means 33 for actuating valves 34 in the air feed means 142, 152.
  • the introduction of air at air feed means 142 and 152 is reduced or increased, as the case may be.
  • Combustion in the combustion chambers 14 and 15 is adapted to the combustion in the refuse combustion space 5 by ascertaining the oxygen content differences between the measurement points above the heating surface 1, O and above the combustion grate 7, O and between the interior of the combustion chambers, 0 on the one hand, and above the grate, 0 on the other hand.
  • the introductions of air at air feed means 142, 152 is throttled or increased depending on the values of the differences obtained.
  • the rate of water injection at 143, 153 is regulated by the moisture content, W measured by conventional means 35 above the grate 7 and, W measured by conventional means 36 above the heating surface 1. When there is an increase in moisture content above the heating surface 1, the rate of injection of water is decreased.
  • a method of producing steam comprising the steps of: supplying high quality fuel, air and water into a first combustion space, burning said high quality fuel in said first combustion space, supplying low quality fuel and air into a separate second combustion space shielded against heat radiation from said first combustion space, burning said low quality fuel in said second combustion space, leading gases produced in said second combustion space to a location spaced from the first and second combustion spaces, leading hot gases produced in said first combustion space to said location at which they are continuously mixed with said gases produced in said second combustion space, leading the mixed gases from said location into contact with a heat-transfer surface of a steam boiler to produce steam, and controlling the combustion process in said first combustion space to control thermal properties of said mixed gases and thus to obtain a desired thermal action at said heat-transfer surface, the step of controlling the combustion process in said first combustion space being effected by adjusting the supply of said high quality fuel, air, and water, to said first combus tion space.
  • An installation for producing steam comprising means providing a first combustion space for receiving high quality fuel, means providing a second combustion space for receiving low quality fuel, separating and shielding means provided between said first combustion space and said second combustion space for shielding the second space against heat radiation from the first space, means so arranged that when the installation is in use, gases produced in said second space and hot gases produced in said first space are led to a location which is spaced from the first and second spaces and at which said gases produced in said second space are continuously mixed with said gases produced in said first space, at least one heat-transfer surface of a steam boiler disposed downstream of said location, means serving to lead the mixed gases from said location into contact with said heat-transfer surface, and means serving to regulate the combustion in said first space, said means providing said second space incorporating wall means, said means providing said first space defining at least one combustion chamber arranged laterally of said wall means and opening into a region disposed downstream of said second space.
  • An installation for producing steam, particularly by the combustion of inferior fuels such as domestic refuse and the like comprising means providing a first combustion space for receiving high quality fuel, means providing a second combustion space for receiving low quality fuel, separating and shielding means provided for shielding the second space against heat radiation from the first space, means providing a location spaced downstream from said second space and at which said gases produced in said second space are continuously mixed with said gases produced in said first space, means for conducting gases produced in said second space and hot gases produced in said first space to said location, said first combustion space being arranged downstream of said second combustion space with respect to the direction of gas flow of gases emanating from said second combustion space, and opening into said location, at least one heat-transfer surface of a steam boiler disposed down stream of said location and in the zone of movement of the mixed gases, and means serving to regulate the combustion process in said first space.
  • a method of producing steam comprising the steps of: burning high quality fuel in a first combustion space, burning low quality fuel in a separate second combustion space shielded against heat radiation from said first combustion space, leading gases produced in said second combustion space to a location spaced from the first and second combustion spaces, leading hot gases produced in the first combustion space to said location at which they are continuously mixed with said gases produced in said second combustion space, leading the mixed gases from said location into contact with a heat-transfer surface of a steam boiler to produce steam, measuring the temperature of said mixed gases at a location downstream of said heat-transfer surface, and controlling the combustion process in said first combustion space as a function of said measured temperature to control thermal properties of said mixed gases and thus to obtain a desired thermal action at said heat-transfer surface.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
US31925863 1962-10-31 1963-10-28 Method and installation for the production of steam, particularly through the combustion of refuse and other low quality fuels Expired - Lifetime US3223058A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH1275662A CH407391A (de) 1962-10-31 1962-10-31 Verfahren zum Verbrennen von minderwertigen Brennstoffen, insbesondere Müll, in Dampfkesselanlagen sowie Dampfkesselanlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

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US3223058A true US3223058A (en) 1965-12-14

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US31925863 Expired - Lifetime US3223058A (en) 1962-10-31 1963-10-28 Method and installation for the production of steam, particularly through the combustion of refuse and other low quality fuels

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US (1) US3223058A (en:Method)
AT (1) AT261785B (en:Method)
CH (1) CH407391A (en:Method)
DK (1) DK109460C (en:Method)
FI (1) FI43327B (en:Method)
GB (1) GB1046871A (en:Method)
LU (1) LU44692A1 (en:Method)
NL (1) NL299659A (en:Method)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3327660A (en) * 1964-06-01 1967-06-27 Babcock & Wilcox Co Apparatus for burning waste fuel
US3706288A (en) * 1970-06-22 1972-12-19 Garbalizer Corp Generating systems and methods
US3955512A (en) * 1973-11-30 1976-05-11 Josef Martin Feuerungsbau Gmbh Refuse incinerator
EP0012091A1 (fr) * 1978-12-04 1980-06-11 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procédé et installation de traitement de déchets industriels
FR2584480A1 (fr) * 1985-07-05 1987-01-09 Charbonnages De France Procede de regulation de la puissance thermique d'un incinerateur d'ordures menageres et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
EP0317731A1 (de) * 1987-10-24 1989-05-31 Kurt-Henry Dipl.-Ing. Mindermann Verfahren zum Steuern der Verbrennung von Brennstoff mit stark schwankendem Heizwert
US5730069A (en) * 1995-10-30 1998-03-24 Tek-Kol Lean fuel combustion control method
EP0823594A3 (en) * 1996-08-05 1998-12-02 Fusoh Co., Ltd. Waste treatment furnace
US20130247800A1 (en) * 2011-08-12 2013-09-26 Daniel R. Higgins Method and apparatus for drying solid fuels
US9964303B2 (en) 2014-01-08 2018-05-08 Eugene Sullivan Combustion boiler with pre-drying fuel chute

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1002575A (en) * 1909-02-19 1911-09-05 Max Bouchsein Furnace for burning refuse.
US2065850A (en) * 1935-03-07 1936-12-29 Gertrude M Black Heat exchange apparatus
GB727218A (en) * 1952-08-13 1955-03-30 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in slag-tap furnaces for tubulous vapour generators
US2860611A (en) * 1955-01-27 1958-11-18 Babcock & Wilcox Co Apparatus for burning residual liquor
US2875735A (en) * 1955-05-25 1959-03-03 Falla Fernando Combined combustion apparatus for bagasse and vapor generator
GB821423A (en) * 1954-09-09 1959-10-07 Thompson John Water Tube Boilers Ltd Improvements relating to steam generators

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1002575A (en) * 1909-02-19 1911-09-05 Max Bouchsein Furnace for burning refuse.
US2065850A (en) * 1935-03-07 1936-12-29 Gertrude M Black Heat exchange apparatus
GB727218A (en) * 1952-08-13 1955-03-30 Babcock & Wilcox Ltd Improvements in slag-tap furnaces for tubulous vapour generators
GB821423A (en) * 1954-09-09 1959-10-07 Thompson John Water Tube Boilers Ltd Improvements relating to steam generators
US2860611A (en) * 1955-01-27 1958-11-18 Babcock & Wilcox Co Apparatus for burning residual liquor
US2875735A (en) * 1955-05-25 1959-03-03 Falla Fernando Combined combustion apparatus for bagasse and vapor generator

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3327660A (en) * 1964-06-01 1967-06-27 Babcock & Wilcox Co Apparatus for burning waste fuel
US3706288A (en) * 1970-06-22 1972-12-19 Garbalizer Corp Generating systems and methods
US3955512A (en) * 1973-11-30 1976-05-11 Josef Martin Feuerungsbau Gmbh Refuse incinerator
EP0012091A1 (fr) * 1978-12-04 1980-06-11 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Procédé et installation de traitement de déchets industriels
FR2443645A1 (fr) * 1978-12-04 1980-07-04 Air Liquide Procede et installation de traitement de dechets industriels
US4279208A (en) * 1978-12-04 1981-07-21 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method and apparatus for heat treatment of industrial wastes
FR2584480A1 (fr) * 1985-07-05 1987-01-09 Charbonnages De France Procede de regulation de la puissance thermique d'un incinerateur d'ordures menageres et installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procede
EP0213980A3 (en) * 1985-07-05 1988-07-06 Charbonnages De France, Etablissement Public Dit: Method of controlling the thermal output of a domestic-refuse incinerator, and installation for carrying out this method
EP0317731A1 (de) * 1987-10-24 1989-05-31 Kurt-Henry Dipl.-Ing. Mindermann Verfahren zum Steuern der Verbrennung von Brennstoff mit stark schwankendem Heizwert
US4895082A (en) * 1987-10-24 1990-01-23 Mindermann Kurt Henry Technique for controlling the combustion of fuel having fluctuating thermal values
US4984524A (en) * 1987-10-24 1991-01-15 Mindermann Kurt Henry Technique for controlling the combustion of fuel having fluctuating thermal values
US5730069A (en) * 1995-10-30 1998-03-24 Tek-Kol Lean fuel combustion control method
EP0823594A3 (en) * 1996-08-05 1998-12-02 Fusoh Co., Ltd. Waste treatment furnace
US5924368A (en) * 1996-08-05 1999-07-20 Fusoh Co., Ltd. Waste treatment furnace
US20130247800A1 (en) * 2011-08-12 2013-09-26 Daniel R. Higgins Method and apparatus for drying solid fuels
US9964303B2 (en) 2014-01-08 2018-05-08 Eugene Sullivan Combustion boiler with pre-drying fuel chute

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
LU44692A1 (en:Method) 1963-12-24
DK109460C (da) 1968-04-29
GB1046871A (en) 1966-10-26
NL299659A (en:Method) 1965-08-25
FI43327B (en:Method) 1970-11-30
CH407391A (de) 1966-02-15
AT261785B (de) 1968-05-10

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