Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
  • C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
  • B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
  • B21B45/02—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for lubricating, cooling, or cleaning
  • B21B45/0239—Lubricating
  • B21B45/0242—Lubricants
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
  • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
  • B21C23/32—Lubrication of metal being extruded or of dies, or the like, e.g. physical state of lubricant, location where lubricant is applied
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
  • B21C9/00—Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
  • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES, PROFILES OR LIKE SEMI-MANUFACTURED PRODUCTS OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
  • B21C9/00—Cooling, heating or lubricating drawing material
  • B21C9/02—Selection of compositions therefor
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/104—Aromatic fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/106—Naphthenic fractions
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
  • C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
  • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
  • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
  • C10M2215/26—Amines
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
  • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
  • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
  • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
  • C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/22—Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/24—Metal working without essential removal of material, e.g. forming, gorging, drawing, pressing, stamping, rolling or extruding; Punching metal
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/241—Manufacturing joint-less pipes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/242—Hot working
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/243—Cold working
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/245—Soft metals, e.g. aluminum
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/246—Iron or steel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
  • C10N2040/20—Metal working
  • C10N2040/244—Metal working of specific metals
  • C10N2040/247—Stainless steel
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
  • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
  • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
  • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

• references to the working of metals is considered in a generic sense in the industry to describe various operations performed on metals including drawing, stamping, rolling, forging, heading, extruding, cupping, forming, bending, seaming, curling, sizing, swaging, embossing, coining, spinning, punching, piercing, parting, shearing, splitting, lancing, trimming, shaving, broaching, drinking, burring, cutting, machining, grinding, etc.
• the specific method of working will vary with the individual machine shop, press shop, foundry, fabricator, etc., to suit its particular apparatus and requirements. It is understood that this term is used in a like manner in the present specification and claims to include one or more of the above operations.
• novel drawing compound of the present invention is that it also protects the die against corrosion which Otherwise may occur, particularly while standing during shutdown.
• novel drawing compound offers other important advantages, as will be hereinafter set forth.
• novel drawing compound of the present invention is used in the working of any suitable metal or alloy, including both ferrous and non-ferrous.
• suitable metal or alloy including both ferrous and non-ferrous.
• Illustrative but not limiting examples include low-carbon steel, highcarbon steel, sheet steel, cast iron, aluminum, tungsten, magnesium, tin, copper, titanium, vanadium, nickel, platinum, silver, etc., and alloys including, for example, brass, bronze, etc.
• These may be formed into various parts including, for example, wire, tubing, automotive body parts such as doors, tops, cowls, frames, spring suspension parts, bumper brackets, bearings, wheels, brag: bands, clutch plates, electrical contacts, etc., parts for metal furniture, refrigerator parts, machine parts, typewriter parts, adding machine parts, railroad and aircraft parts, handles for doors and drawers, etc., internal equipment for reaction chambers, fractionating columns, heat exchangers, pumps, etc. It is understood that these are but a few of the many diversified metal parts that are formed by working in the manner hereinafter set forth,
• novel drawing compound of the present invention can be used in some instances in the hot working of metals, it is particularly useful in cold working processes. In the latter operation, it is important that the drawing compound serves effectively as a lubricant and also as a coolant to dissipate the heat of friction created upon contact of the metals. Also, it is of extreme importance that the metals be protected against corrosion.
• the novel drawing compound offers other important ad vantages to be described hereinafter.
• the present invention relates to the method of working a metal which comprises effecting said working in the presence of a drawing compound containing (1) salt of amine having at least 8 carbon atoms and carboxylic acid having at least 6 carbon atoms and (2) salt of amine having at least 8 carbon atoms and alkyl acid phosphate in which at least 1 alkyl group contains at least 3 carbon atoms.
• the novel drawing compound contains a mixture of two different amine salts.
• This mixture of amine salts is hydrocarbon soluble and preferably is formed as a solution in a suitable hydrocarbon oil in the manner to be hereinafter set forth.
• the mixture of salts may be incorporated as an additive in conventional drawing compounds and serves to impart therein the important advantages herein set forth.
• One component of the drawing compound of the present invention is an amine salt of a carboxylic acid.
• Any suitable amine may be employed and may comprise a primary mon-oamine, but preferably comprises a di-amine and, still more particularly, an N-alkyl-diaminoalkane.
• the amine contains at least 8 carbon atoms and, in general, will contain from about 12 to about 40 carbon atoms per molecule.
• Illustrative primary monoamines include octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, undecylamine, dodecylamine, tridecylamine, tetradecylamine, pentadecylamine, hexadecylamine, heptadecylamine, octadecylamine, nonadecylamine, eicosylamine, etc.
• the amine may be prepared from fatty acid derivatives and thus may comprise tallow amine, hydrogenated tallow amine, lauryl amine, coconut amine, soya amine, etc.
• N-alkyl-diaminoalkanes are preferred.
• a particularly preferred amine of this class comprises an N-alkyl-1,3-diaminopropane in which the alkyl group contains from about 8 to about 25 carbon atoms.
• a number of N-alkyl-1,3-diaminopropanes of this class are available commercially, such as Duomeen T and Diam 26 in which the alkyl group is derived from tallow and contains from about 12 to about 20 carbon atoms per group, and mostly 16 to 18 carbon atoms.
• N-alkyl-1,3-diaminopropanes may be prepared to contain any number of carbon atoms desired in the alkyl group and thus the alkyl group is selected from hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl, etc.
• N-alkyl-1,3-diaminopropanes are preferred, it is understood that other suitable N-alkyl-diaminoalkanes may be employed.
• Illustrative examples include N-alkyl-l,2 diaminoethane, Naalkyl-1,2-diaminopropane, N-alkyl-l,Z-diaminobutane, N-alkyl 1,3-diaminobutane, N-alkyl-1,4-diaminobutane, N-alkyl-1,2-diaminopentane, N-allcyl-1,3-diaminopentane, N-alkyll,4-diaminopentane, N-alkyl-1,5-diarninopentane, N-alkyl-l,2,-diaminohexane, N-alkyl 1,3-diaminohexane, N-alkyl
• the amine salt of a carboxylic acid is used as one component of the mixture.
• Any suitable carboxylic acid is used, preferably a polybasic carboxylic acid.
• the carboxylic a-cid preferably contains at least 6 and still more preferably at least 10 carbon atoms per molecule and, m-ore particularly, from about to about 50 carbon atoms per molecule.
• Illustrative polybasic carboxylic acids include adipic, pimelic, suberic, azelaic, sebacic, phthalic, etc., aconitic, citric, etc., hemimellitic, trimesic, prehnitic, mellophanic, pyromellitic, mellitic, etc., and higher molecular polybasic carboxylic acids. It is understood that a mixture of acids may be employed.
• a particularly preferred acid comprises a mixed byproduct acid being marketed commercially under the trade name of VR-l Acid.
• This acid is a mixture of polybasic acids, predominantly dibasic, and is a residue produced by distilling, at about 270 C. under about 4 mm. of mercury pressure, the by-product acids obtained in the preparation of sebacic acid by fusing castor oil with alkali. Production of this residue is described in more detail in US. Patent 2,267,269 to Cheetham et al. In the manufacture of sebacic acid from castor oil, the oil is heated with a caustic alkali.
• Another preferred acid comprises a mixed acid being marketed commercially under the trade name of Empol 1022.
• This dimer acid is a dilinoleic acid and is represented by the following general formula:
• This acid is a viscous liquid, having an apparent molecular weight of approximately 600. It has an acid value of 180-192, an iodine value of 80-95, a saponification value of 185-195, a neu-tralizaiton equivalent of 290-310, a refractive index at C. of 1.4919, a specific gravity at l5.5 C./ ⁇ 15.5 C. of 0.95, a flash point of 530 F., a fire point of 600 F., and a viscosity at 100 C. of 100 centistokes.
• polycarboxylic acids generally are preferred, in another embodiment of the invention a monocarboxylic acid may be used or a mixture of a monocarboxylic acid and the polycarboxylic acid hereinbefor'e set forth.
• the carboxylic acid contains at least 6 atoms per molecule and may range up to carbon atoms per molecule.
• Illustrative monocarboxylic acids include caproic, heptylic, caprylic, pelargonic, capric, lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic, arachidic, behenic, lignoceric, cerotic, etc., decalenic, dodecalenic, pahnitoleic, oleic, ricinoleic, petroselinic, vaccenic, linoleic, linolenic, eleostearic, licanic, parinaric, gadoleic, arac-hidonic, cetoleic, erucic, selacholei-c, etc.
• a particularly preferred mixture is tall oil acid which comprises a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids and rosin acids and is obtained by acidifying the black liquor skimmings obtained in the pulping of wood.
• the manufacture of tall oil acid is described in the Encyclopdeia of Chemical Technology, volume 13, pages 572-577. A number of typical American tall oil acids are shown on page 575 of this encyclopedia, along with typical properties thereof.
• tall oil acid may be used in accordance with the present invention, it is preferable to use a purified tall oil acid.
• a particularly satisfactory tall oil acid is available commercially under the trade name of Indusoil L-S. properties:
• This acid has the following typical Specifications Minimum Maximum Color, Gardner Acid N o Saponifieation No Fatty acids, perce Rosin acids, percent- Unsaponifiahles, percent Specific gravity, F/60F Pour Point, F Flash Point, Open Cup. Fire Point, Open Cup, F
• the amine salt of carboxylic acid is prepared in any suitable manner.
• the salt is readily prepared by admixing the amine and carboxylic acid at ambient temperature, preferably with vigorous stirring. Elevated temperature may be employed, but generally will not exceed about 250 F.
• the salt may be prepared in the presence of a solvent for ease in handling, either of the amine and/ or acid of the final mixture.
• Any suitable solvent may be employed and may comprise an aromatic hydrocarbon such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, etc., or a mixture such as naphtha, which may be straight run, catalytically cracked, thermally reformed, catalytically reformed, preferably in the presence of hydrogen or mixtures thereof, kerosene, lubricating oil, etc.
• the lower boiling solvent may be removed by fractionation or it may be allowed to remain in the mixture.
• the mixture will be marketed as a solution in a suitable solvent and the same solvent used in the final mixture also may be used during the preparation of the amine-carboxylic acid salt.
• the neutral salt of the amine and carboxylic acid is preferred.
• the neutral salt is prepared by utilizing stoichiometric amounts of the carboxylic acid and amine.
• the concentrations of the car- 3 boxylic acid and amine are selected so that there is an equivalent number of carboxylic acid groups to amine groups.
• the salt may be a basic salt, which is prepared by utilizing a deficiency of carboxylic acid groups in relation to the amino group as, for example, by utilizing one equivalent of carboxylic acid per two equivalents of amine.
• an acid salt may be employed, which may be prepared by using an excess of acid with relation to the amine as, for example, two equivalents of acid per one equivalent of amine. Accordingly, the ratio of amine to carboxylic acid may range from 0.2:1 to :1. It is understood that these different salts are not necessarily equivalent.
• another component of the drawing compound of the present invention is an amine salt of an alkyl acid phosphate.
• the amine preferably is selected from the amines hereinbefore specifically set forth in the description of the amine salt of carboxylic acid. In the interest of simplicity, these amines are not repeated here, but it is understood that the amine is selected from those hereinbefore specifically set forth.
• the amine used in the preparation of the salt of the alkyl acid phosphate is the same amine as used in the preparation or" the amine salt of the carboxylic acid.
• a different amine is used in the preparation of each of these salts, but the amines preferably are selected from those hereinbefore specifically set forth.
• alkyl acid phosphate includes both the alkyl acid orthophosphates and the alkyl acid pyrophosphates.
• the alkyl acid orthophosphates the monoalkyl ester, dialkyl ester or a mixture thereof may be employed.
• the alkyl acid pyrophosphate the monoalkyl ester, dialkyl ester, trialkyl ester or a mixture thereof may be employed, the dialkyl ester being preferred and the ester groups being attached to the same or different phosphorus atom.
• this compound will be symmetrical and, thus, the alkyl ester groups will be attached to different phosphorus atoms.
• At least one of the alkyl groups constituting the ester portion of the alkyl acid phosphate contains at least 3 and preferably at least 5 carbon atoms and may contain up to and preferably up to 12 carbon atoms.
• Illustrative examples of preferred alkyl acid orthophosphates include monoamyl acid orthophosphate, diamyl acid orthophosphate, monohexyl acid orthophosphate, dihexyl acid orthophosphate, monoheptyl acid orthophosphate, diheptyl acid orthophosphate, monooctyl acid orthophosphate, dioctyl acid orthophosphate, monononyl acid orthophosphate, dinonyl acid orthophosphate, monodecyl acid orthophosphate, didecyl acid orthophosphate, monoundecyl acid orthophosphate, diundecyl acid orthophosphate, monododecyl acid orthophosphate, didodecyl acid orthophosphate, etc. As hereinbefore set forth, these are the preferred alkyl acid
• Preferred alkyl acid pyrophosphates include monoamyl acid pyrophosphate, diamyl acid pyrophosphate, monohexyl acid pyrophosphate, dihexyl acid pyrophosphate, monoheptyl acid pyrophosphate, diheptyl acid pyrophosphate, monooctyl acid pyrophosphate, dioctyl acid pyrophosphate, monononyl acid pyrophosphate, dinonyl acid pyrophosphate, monodecyl acid pyrophosphate, didecyl acid pyrophosphate, monoundecyl acid pyrophosphate, diundecyl acid pyrophosphate, monododecyl acid pyrophosphate, didodecyl acid pyrophosphate, etc.
• the alkyl pyrophosphates may contain from about 3 to about 20 carbon atoms in the alkyl group or groups.
• Alkyl acid phosphates are manufactured commercially as a mixture of the monoand di-alkyl acid phosphates and such mixtures generally are available at a lower cost. As another advantage of the present invention, such lower cost mixtures may be used in preparing the drawing compound of the present invention.
• Particularly preferred mixed alkyl acid phosphates comprise a mixture of monoand di-isoamyl acid orthophosphate, a mixture of monoand di-isooctyl acid orthophosphate and the corresponding mixed alkyl acid pyrophosphates.
• the amine-alkyl acid phosphate salt is prepared in any suitable manner. In general, this salt is prepared in substantially the same manner as the amine-carboxylic acid salt as hereinbefore described.
• the amine and alkyl acid phosphate are commingled, either at ambient temperature or slightly elevated temperature, with vigorous stirring. When an elevated temperature is employed, it generally will not exceed about 250 F.
• a solvent may be used for ease in handling, the solvent preferably being selected from those hereinbefore specifically set forth.
• the neutral salt of the alkyl acid phosphate and amine is preferred.
• the neutral salt is prepared by utilizing stoichiometric amounts of the alkyl acid phosphate and the amine.
• concentration of alkyl acid phosphate and amine will be selected so that there will be an equivalent number of acid groups to amino groups.
• the specific concentrations will depend upon whether the orthophosphate or pyrophosphate salt is prepared and whether a monoamine or polyamine is used.
• the salt is a basic salt, which is prepared by utilizing a deficiency of acid groups in relation to the amino group as, for example, by utilizing one equivalent of acid per two equivalents of amine.
• an acid salt is employed, which is prepared by using an excess of acid with relation to the amine as, for example, two equivalents of acid per one equivalent of amine. Accordingly, the ratio of amine to alkyl acid phosphate may range from 0.2:1 to 5:1. It is understood that these different salts are not necessarily equivalent.
• the amine salt of the carboxylic acid and the amine salt of the alkyl acid phosphate are separately formed and then are commingled in the desired proportions.
• the amine salts may be prepared in a single step.
• the carboxylic acid and the alkyl acid phosphate are comrningled, preferably with vigorous stirring, and then the amine or amines are added thereto with vigorous stirring.
• the reaction is effected at ambient temperature, or an elevated temperature which generally will not exceed about 250 F. may be employed.
• the amine may be heated up to about 250 F. in order to melt the same and the melted amine then is added to the acids as aforesaid.
• the salt of carboxylic acid and the amine salt of alkyl acid phosphate are viscous liquids when prepared in the absence of solvents. Accordingly, for convenience in handling and also for economic reasons, it is preferred that the active ingredients be used in the form of a solution in a suitable solvent and particularly mineral oil.
• a solvent preferably the solvent is retained in the composition and, when desired, additional solvent is added to form a composition of the desired consistency.
• a low boiling, intermediate boiling or high boiling solvent may be used, depending upon the particular working operation.
• a high boiling solvent preferably is employed in order to avoid vaporization of the solvent and possible fire hazard.
• the con sistency of the drawing composition will vary with each particular machine shop, press shop, foundry, fabricator, etc., to suit its particular requirements.
• the amine salt of carboxylic acid and the amine salt of alkyl acid phosphate generally are used in substantially equal concentrations, but may be employed in proportions ranging from 0.1 to 10 and particularly from 0.5 to 2 parts by weight of one salt per 1 part by weight of the other salt.
• concentration of total active ingredient (total of amine salt of carboxylic acid and of amine salt of alkyl acid phosphate) in the final drawing composition may vary considerably. In general, this concentration will be in the range of from about 0.1% to about 50% and preferably from about 0.5% to about by weight of the final composition.
• the amine salts are prepared as a concentrate of active ingredients and will be dissolved in a solvent in the desired proportions.
• the amine salts are prepared as a concentrated solution in a solvent, and then are diluted further with additional solvent to the desired concentration.
• the consistency of the final drawing composition will vary with the particular user to suit his peculiar requirements.
• the concentrated active ingredients or a concentrated solution thereof may be added to a conventional drawing compound.
• a large number of conventional drawing compounds were investigated by the present applicants and found to impart little or no protection from corrosion.
• the final drawing compound will afford protection against corrosion and also will offer the additional advantages hereinafter set forth.
• the drawing compound should contain the active ingredients of the present invention in a total concentration of from about 0.5 to about 20% by weight of the final composition.
• the drawing compound of the present invention is used in any suitable manner and generally as conventionally used in the shops. This may comprise passing the metal to be worked through a layer of the drawing compound, thereby forming a film of drawing compound on the metal, and then passing the metal into the working operation. In another embodiment a flowing stream of the drawing composition may be passed over the metal and/ or die before or during the working operation. No novelty is claimed herein for any particular method of using the drawing compound and, as hereinbefore set forth, any suitable method may be employed.
• the novel composition of the present invention offers important advantages in the working operation.
• this composition is an effective lubricant and also an effective coolant.
• the novel drawing compound of the present invention serves to impart corrosion protection to both the metal being worked and the die used in the operation.
• imparting protection from corrosion to the metal is important in the further use or working thereof.
• the drawing compound protects the die from corrosion, either during use or during periods of shutdown. It is a considerable contribution to the field of drawing compounds that all three of these important requirements are obtained through the use of a single composition. This avoids the additional time and expense heretofore required in utilizing two different compositions and two different treatments to obtain these results.
• blow back apparently is caused by deposits on objects which are being subjected to casting.
• metal parts formed in the presence of the drawing compound of the present invention apparently contain very little or no deposits because blow back is no problem during subsequent casting operations. Therefore, when the metal part formed in the presence of the drawing compound of the present invention is joined to another part in a casting operation, the reduction or elimination of blow back during the casting operation is another important advantage.
• the novel drawing compound of the present invention offers many advantages over the drawing compounds presently being used. Of utmost importance is the fact that lubrication, cooling and corrosion prevention are obtained in a single operation, thereby avoiding the heretofore necessity of requiring two separate operations to accomplish this. In addition, other important advantages are obtained including protecting the die from corrosion, avoiding blow back, eliminating periodic dressing of the dies, eliminating cleaning of the formed articles, etc.
• Example I The active ingredients of the drawing compound of this example comprised by weight of the neutral salt of Duomeen T and DSOME Acid and 50% by weight of the neutral salt of Duomeen T and mixed monoand diisooctyl acid orthophosphates.
• Duomeen T is N-tallow-1,3-diaminopropane and contains predominantly 16 to 18 carbon atoms in the tallow group.
• DSOME Acid is of substantially the same composition as VR1 Acid.
• the mixed monoand diisooctyl acid orthophosphates are available commercially.
• the preparation was made in admixture with a commercial paraffinic oil having an API gravity at F. of about 28 and a viscosity at F. of about 108 SUS.
• the neutral salts were prepared in a single step operation by dissolving 360 pounds (1 equivalent weight) of DSOME Acid in 500 pounds of the paraffinic oil and vigorously mixing at ambient temperature. 250 pounds (1 equivalent weight) of the mixed monoand diisooctyl orthophosphates then were added with continued mixing. Finally, 346 pounds (2 equivalent weights) of Duomeen T were added and the vigorous mixing continued until a homogeneous solution was formed.
• the concentrate prepared in the above manner then was diluted with additional pa-raflinic oil to form a solution containing the active ingredients in a total concentration of 40% by weight.
• the concentrated solution described above was diluted further in a proportion of 1 volume of the concentrated solution and 5 volumes of commercial paint thinner.
• the final solution was used as a drawing compound for the drawing of cold roller steel to form a hub seal. This operation is drawn to a close tolerance and therefore requires a very effective drawing compound.
• a steel disc of 7" diameter was stamped to form a hub seal of 5"
• the metal disc was dipped into a solution of the drawing compound described above prior to the stamping operation.
• the drawing compound of the present invention protected the die from corrosion during shutdown. Heretofore, it had been necessary to periodically dress the surface of the die. This dressing operation consisted of using an emery cloth and rubbing out rough spots and scratches. When using the drawing compound of the present invention, the dressing operation was unnecessary and, in fact, the die seemed to gain in polish.
• Example II The drawing compound of this example was prepared in the manner described in Example I except using a 1:1 volume dilution with commercial paint thinner. This drawing compound was used in the cold forming of a part to be integrated with a cast part. As hereinbefore set forth, during the casting a serious problem is the blow back apparently caused by deposits on the object being cast. Surprisingly, it was .found that blow back was practically eliminated when using the part formed by cold rolling in the presence of the drawing compound of the present invention.
• Example III The concentrated solution, prepared as described in Example I, also was added to a commercial drawing compound.
• the concentrated solution was added in a proportion of 1 volume of concentrated solution per 5 volumes of the commercial drawing compound.
• Example IV The drawing compound of this example comprises 5% by Weight of the neutral salt of tallow amine and tall oil acid, 5% by weight of the neutral salt of tallow amine and mixed monoand di-isoamyl acid orthophosphates, and 90% by weight of a commercial paraflinic oil.
• the salt of tallow amine and tall oil is prepared by mixing these materials at room temperature with vigorous stirring.
• the salt of tallow amine and mixed monoand diisoamyl acid orthophosphates is separately prepared by mixing these materials at room temperature with vigorous stirring. The salts then are commingled with the paraflinic oil in the proportions described above.
• the solution described above is used as a drawing compound to form small motor cases from cold rolled coil 10 stock.
• the drawing compound is roller-coat applied to the metal prior to forming. Following the forming operation, it is found that the parts do not need to be cleaned and that they will remain free from corrosion when stored outside prior to further processing.
• the method of working a metal which comprises effecting said working in contact with a drawing composition consisting essentially of from about 0.1% to about 50% by weight of a mixture of (l) a salt of an amine having at least 8 carbon atoms and a carboxylic acid having at least 6 carbon atoms and (2) a salt of an amine having at least 8 carbon atoms and an alkyl acid phosphate in which at least 1 alkyl group contains at least 3 carbon atoms, said salts being free of metal and being in the proportion of from about 0.1 to 10 parts by weight of one of the salts per 1 part by weight of the other salt.
• said salts are (1) a salt of a diamine having from 8 to about 40 carbon atoms per molecule and a carboxylic acid having from 6 to about 50 carbon atoms per molecule and (2) a salt of a diamine having from 8 to about 40 carbon atoms per molecule and an alkyl acid phosphate in which at least 1 alkyl group contains from about 3 to about 20 carbon atoms.
• said salts are 1) a salt of N-alkyl-1,3-diaminoalkane in which said alkyl contains at least 8 carbon atoms and a dicarboxylic acid having at least 6 carbon atoms and (2) a salt of N-alkyl- 1,3-diaminoalkane in which said alkyl contains at least 8 carbon atoms and an alkyl acid phosphate in which at least 1 alkyl group contains at least 3 carbon atoms.
• salts are (1) a salt of N-tallow-1,3-diaminopropane and a dicarboxylic acid having from about 10 to about 50 carbon atoms and (2) a salt of N-talloW-1,3-diaminopropane and mixed monoand di-alkyl acid orthophosphates.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Lubricants (AREA)
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Citations (7)

• 0
  • GB GB1053616D patent/GB1053616A/en active Active
• 1963
  • 1963-03-06 US US263119A patent/US3220233A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
• 1964
  • 1964-03-06 NL NL6402344A patent/NL6402344A/xx unknown

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