US3220177A - Thermodynamic reciprocating machine of the displacer-piston type - Google Patents

Thermodynamic reciprocating machine of the displacer-piston type Download PDF

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Publication number
US3220177A
US3220177A US237497A US23749762A US3220177A US 3220177 A US3220177 A US 3220177A US 237497 A US237497 A US 237497A US 23749762 A US23749762 A US 23749762A US 3220177 A US3220177 A US 3220177A
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Prior art keywords
crankshafts
piston
displacer
connecting rods
crank
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Expired - Lifetime
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US237497A
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English (en)
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Kohler Jacob Willem Laurens
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US Philips Corp
North American Philips Co Inc
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US Philips Corp
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/044—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines having at least two working members, e.g. pistons, delivering power output
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/053—Component parts or details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2243/00—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes
    • F02G2243/02—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having pistons and displacers in the same cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2243/00—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes
    • F02G2243/02—Stirling type engines having closed regenerative thermodynamic cycles with flow controlled by volume changes having pistons and displacers in the same cylinder
    • F02G2243/04—Crank-connecting-rod drives
    • F02G2243/08—External regenerators, e.g. "Rankine Napier" engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2270/00—Constructional features
    • F02G2270/42—Displacer drives
    • F02G2270/425—Displacer drives the displacer being driven by a four-bar mechanism, e.g. a rhombic mechanism
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G2270/00—Constructional features
    • F02G2270/85—Crankshafts

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a thermodynamic reciprocating machine of the displacer-piston type, comprising two identical, parallel crank shafts, which are coupled with each other and are adapted to rotate in synchronism in opposite directions with the same angular speed, these crank shafts being located symmetrically to a plane parallel to the centre lines of the crank shafts and going through the centre line of the machine, said crank shafts co-operating via cranks and crank journals with at least one pair of connecting rod mechanisms, in which the ends of the connections of one mechanism remote from the crank shafts are intercoupled and are located on one side of the plane going through the centre lines of the crank shafts, whereas the corresponding ends of the connecting rods of the other mechanism are also intercoupled and are located on the other side of the plane going through the centre lines of the crank shafts, each of the two connecting rod mechanisms being connected,
  • thermodynamic reciprocating machine has the feature that the crank journals of each of the crank shafts establishing the connection between said crank shafts and the connecting rods of one mechanism and the crank journals establish ing the connection between said crank shafts and the connecting rods of the other mechanism are spaced apart from the centre line of the crank shaft concerned by such different distances and that the connecting rods have such lengths that the piston-like bodies connected with one connecting-rod mechanism and with the other connecting-rod mechanism perform unequal strokes.
  • the piston-like body connected by the connecting-rod mechanism concerned with the crank journals farthest remote from the centre lines of the crank shafts will perform the larger stroke.
  • the connecting rods connected with the same piston-like body must have the same length.
  • the connecting rods of one pair of one mechanism and the connecting rods of the other pair of the same mechanism may have different lengths.
  • the crank journals, spaced apart, as stated above, by different distances from the centre line of the crank shaft concerned, may be located in planes going through the centre line of said crank shaft and being at an angle to each other.
  • a further great advantage of this driving gear resides in that unequal strokes of the piston and of the displacer can be obtained, while nevertheless a satisfactory and simple seal between the crank case and the cylinder can be "ice obtained, so that the pressure in the crank case may be equal to the ambient pressure.
  • the driving gear according to the invention can, in general, not be balanced completely. Particularly in the case of multicylinder machines an accurate balancing of the driving gear may sometimes be of minor importance. With onecylinder machines and also with multi-cylinder machines employed in places where vibrations are highly undesirable the balancing problem plays a very important part.
  • crank journals of each of the crank shafts, establishing the connection between these crank shafts and the two connecting rod mechanisms are located substantially in one plane going through the centre line of the crank shaft concerned, while the dimensions of the machine fulfill otherwise substantially the following equation:
  • r, and r designate the distances of the crank journals connecting the connecting rods of the first and of the second mechanism respectively with the crank shafts from the centre line of the chank shaft concerned respectively
  • l and I denote the lengths of the connecting rods of the first and of the second mechanism respectively
  • c and e are the distances of the projections of the ends of the connecting rods of the first and of the second mechanism respectively remote from the crank shafts on the plane going through the centre lines of the crank shafts from the centre line of the crank shaft concerned
  • m and m are the masses of the parts reciprocating in the direction of the centre line of the mach-inc, which parts are connected with the connecting rods of the first and of the second mechanism concerned, each mass having added to it that part of the connecting rod mass which is to be added, for balancing purposes, to the ends of the connecting rods concerned remote from the crank shafts.
  • thermodynamic reciprocating machine according to the invention may be employed with particular success as a cold-gas refrigerator.
  • thermodynamic reciprocating machine intended for use as a cold-gas refrigerator and comprising one or more cylinders in which a piston and a displacer are adapted to reciprocate with a relative phase difference, is characterized in that each of the pistons is connected with that connecting rod mechanism which has its connecting rods connected with the crank shafts by the crank journals farthest remote from the centre line of the crankshaft concerned, whereas each of the displacers is connected with the connecting rods of the other mechanism and in that the connecting rods have a length such that each of the pistons performs a larger stroke than the co-operating displacer.
  • thermodynamic reciprocating machine according to the invention intended for use as a cold-gas refrigerator is characterized in that, in operation, the absolute temperature in the space of each cycle of the higher temperature is at least 3 six times higher than absolute temperature in the space of the same cycle having the lower temperature.
  • thermodynamic reciprocating machine according to the invention is characterized in that, in operation, the absolute temperature of the space of each cycle having the lower temperature is at the most 40 Kelvin.
  • FIG. 1 shows a thermodynamic reciprocating machine of the displacer-piston type in a sectional view.
  • FIGS. 2 and 2a illustrate a few embodiments of crank shafts suitable for use in the thermodynamic reciprocating machine of FIG. 1.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show a few further embodiments of the driving gear used in the thermodynamic reciprocating machine of FIG. 1 in a diagrammatic view.
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view of a thermodynamic reciprocating machine, in which a plurality of relatively co-opcrating pistons and displacers arranged on yokes and performing unequal strokes.
  • reference numeral 1 designates a cylintier of a thermodynamic reciprocating machine, in which a displacer 2 and a piston 3 are adapted to reciprocate with a phase difference.
  • the upper end of the cylinder is formed by a cylinder head 4, provided on its inner side with vanes 5, and on the outer side with vanes 6.
  • a lining 7 constitutes the partition between the vanes 5 and a regenerator 8 and the interior of the cylinder.
  • the cylinder is furthermore provided with holes 9 communicating with a space comprising vanes 10, secured to a body 11, which is provided on its outer sides with ribs 12, said vanes and ribs forming a cooling system.
  • the body 11 may be provided with cooling-water ducts.
  • the cylinder head 4 is surrounded by a body 13 comprising a burner 14 (shown diagrammatically).
  • the combustion bases brush along the vanes 6 and leave the body 13, after having given off their heat, through an outlet duct 15.
  • the cylinder head 4 is secured by bolts 16 to the body 11, which is connected by bolts 17 with a crankcase 18. These bolts 17 furthermore secure.
  • the cylinder 1 rigidly to the crankcase 18.
  • the piston 3 is provided with a hollow piston rod 19.
  • the heads 21 of two connecting rods 22 are adapted to rotate about a shaft 20, which is rigidly secured to the piston rod 19 and a displacer rod 23, secured to the displacer 2, is taken through the piston rod 19 and the shaft 20.
  • the connecting rods 22 have furthermore heads 24, whichare adapted to rotate about crank journals 25.
  • crank journals 25 are secured to cranks 26, which are connected with crank shafts 27.
  • the cranks 26 are furthermore provided with crank journals 28, about which the. heads 29 of the connecting rods 30 are arranged.
  • the connecting rods 30 are provided at the other end with heads 31, which are rotatably fastened to shafts 32, journalled in a yoke 33, to which the displacer rod 23 is secured.
  • the crank shafts 27 are intercoupled by. interengaging gear wheels 34, fastened rigidly to said shafts.
  • the crank shafts 27 may have the constructions shown in FIGS. 2 and 2a. To" the crank shafts 27 isv furthermore secured a counterweight 35.
  • the crank: casev 18 of this embodiment of the thermodynamic reciprocating machine is provided with a partition. 37 separating a space 38 from the space accommodating the driving gear.
  • the space 38 communicates through openingsv 39 freely with the space below the piston and is filled with the working medium.
  • the piston rod 19 and the displacer rod 23 are connected through an opening 40 in the partition with the driving gear.
  • the opening 40 the piston rod 19 is surrounded by a gas-tight seal 41 and between the piston rod 19 and the displacer rod 23 there is also provided a gas-tight seal. It will be obvious that the space accommodating the driving gear need not be gas-tight, so that a pressure corresponding with the atmospheric pressure may prevail therein.
  • the crank journals 25 and 28 are located at distances r and r respectively from the centre lines of the crank shafts concerned.
  • the connecting rods 22 and 30 have lengths l and 1 respectively.
  • the eccent-ricities of the heads of the connecting rods 21 and 31 are designated in the figure by 2 and e respectively.
  • the dimensions of the driving gear are chosen so that they fulfill the fol lowing equation:
  • the driving gear is completely symmetrical to the centre line of the machine, so that in a direction at right angles to the centre line of the machine the forces occurring in the two halves of the driving gear compensate each other completely. In balancing only the forces occurring in the direction of the centre line of the machine need be considered. Since, as stated above, the two machine halves are identical, it will suflioe to consider one of them. The masses of the moving parts are considered concentrated at the following points.
  • the mass m at point 32 which mass corresponds With half the mass of the displacer 2, the displacer rod 23 and the yoke 33, plus that part of the mass of the connecting rod 30 which may be considered concentrated at point 32 in accordance with the lever principle.
  • the mass m is the mass of the counterweight arranged at a point at a distance r from the centre line of the crank shaft.
  • angles 6 and are equal to each other and depend in the same manner upon the angle I Cos 0 and cos 6 may therefore be written as a progression development of the angle I', i.e.:
  • the value of the mass m and the angle 'y of the counterweight can be determined.
  • FIG. 3 shows diagrammatically a slightly modified form of a driving gear suitable for use in a thermodynamic reciprocating machine according to the invention.
  • the connecting rods 122 are, however, also connected with a yoke, to which the connecting rod 119 of the piston 103 is secured.
  • the displacer 102 coupled with said displacer rod 123, is constructed as a so-called step displacer.
  • a displacer is particularly suitable with the production of low temperatures.
  • the volume variation of the space is substantially in equal phase with that of the space 151, so that in the space 150 mainly expansion will occur, whilst cold is supplied at a higher temperature level than with the expansion in the space 151.
  • the displacer may, however, also be constructed so that the volume variations of said spaces are in opposite phase, so that in the intermediate space 150 mainly compression occurs.
  • the yokes are provided with only one set of cooperating pistons and displacers, one yoke may, if desired, cooperate with a plurality of pistons and the other yoke with a corresponding number of displacers. It is even possible, to connect, apart from the piston rod or the displacer rod, one or both yokes with the connecting rod of a further piston-like body, for example the piston of the compressor.
  • FIG. 4 shows diagrammatically a driving gear which may also be employed in a thermodynamic reciprocating machine in which the piston and the displacer perform unequal strokes.
  • the connecting rods 222 and 230 are coupled with crank journals, which are connected with cranks which are at an angle go to each other.
  • the driving gear shown in this figure does no longer fulfil the conditions for a complete balancing. With this driving gear, however, the piston and the displacer can perform unequal strokes.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further embodiment of a driving gear which can be completely balanced.
  • the ends of the connecting rods 322 are interconnected by a yoke 321 and the ends of the connecting rods 330 are interconnected by a yoke 333.
  • the directions of the connecting rods 322 and 330 differ from those of the embodiments in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4, since the ends of said connecting rods are remote from the centre line of the machine.
  • thermodynamic reciprocating machine comprising a cylinder, a piston and a displacer constituting pistonlike elements, two crankshafts arranged in a substantially parallel relationship, means intercoupling said crankshafts to rotate the same in synchronism in opposite directions with equal angular velocities, said crankshafts being located symmetrically to a plane parallel to the center lines of the crankshafts and going through the longitudinal axis of the machine, a piston rod for each piston-like element, a multiplicity of connecting rod mechanisms, a plurality of cranks and crank journals for operatively connecting to at least a pair of said connecting rods, the ends of the connecting rods of one of the connecting rod mechanisms remote from said crankshafts being intercoupled and located on one side of theplane going through the center lines of said crankshafts, and the corresponding ends of other connecting rods of another of the connecting rod mechanisms being intercoupled and located on the other side of said plane going through the center lines of said crankshafts, said crank journals of each of the cranks,
  • 1' and r are the distances of the crank journals from the center lines of the crankshafts, which crank journals connect the connecting rods of the first and second mechanism with the crankshafts respectively,
  • e and e are the distances of the projections of the ends of the connectingrodstof the first and second mechanism respectively into the plane going through the center lines of said crankshafts from the center line of said shaft, concerned and m andm are the masses of theparts reciprocating in the direction of the center lineof saidmachine, which. parts are connected with the connecting rods of the.
  • first and second mechanism respectively. plus that part of the mass of the connecting rod to be added to the ends of the connecting rods remotes-from the crankshaft.
  • thermodynamic reciprocating machine comprising a cylinder, a piston and adisplacer. constitutingpistom like elements, two crankshafts arranged in a substantially parallel relationship, means, intercoupling said crank,-
  • crankshafts to rotate the same in synchronism in opposite directions with equal angular velocities
  • said crankshafts being located symmetrically to a plane parallel to the center lines of the crankshafts and going through the longitudinal axis of the machine, a piston rod for each piston- 1ike element, a multiplicity of connecting rod mechanisms, a plurality of cranks and crank journals for operatively connecting to at least a pair of said connecting rods, the ends of the connecting rods of one of the con- :necting rod mechanisms remote from said crankshafts Tbeing intercoupled and located on one side of the plane going through the center lines of said crankshafts and the corresponding ends of other connecting rods of another of the connecting rod mechanisms being intercoupled and located on the other side of said plane going through the center lines of said crankshafts, said crank journals of each of the crankshafts connecting the crankshafts and the corresponding connecting Tods of said one and said other connecting rod mechanisms and being spaced apart from said center lines, said connecting rods having such

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
US237497A 1961-11-16 1962-11-14 Thermodynamic reciprocating machine of the displacer-piston type Expired - Lifetime US3220177A (en)

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NL271492 1961-11-16

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US (1) US3220177A (de)
AT (1) AT239005B (de)
CH (1) CH417222A (de)
FR (1) FR1339226A (de)
GB (1) GB1024274A (de)
NL (2) NL131648C (de)
OA (1) OA00725A (de)

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3318089A (en) * 1964-09-10 1967-05-09 Philips Corp Hot-gas piston engines
US3431788A (en) * 1967-03-01 1969-03-11 Philips Corp Piston rod guide for rhombic drive stirling cycle apparatus
US3803857A (en) * 1971-05-28 1974-04-16 Y Ishizaki Refrigeration system
WO1994001670A1 (de) * 1992-07-09 1994-01-20 Ecker Maschinenbau Gmbh & Co Kg Energiewandler nach dem prinzip des heissluftmotors
US5644917A (en) * 1996-05-13 1997-07-08 Mcwaters; Thomas David Kinematic stirling engine
CN102251877A (zh) * 2011-06-10 2011-11-23 杨永顺 外燃机及其传动机构
CN102787942A (zh) * 2012-08-31 2012-11-21 杨永顺 外燃机及其传动机构
RU2812540C1 (ru) * 2023-05-28 2024-01-30 Инал Заурович Катаев Многопоршневой двигатель

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1245217B (de) * 1964-09-10 1967-07-20 Philips Nv Heissgaskolbenmaschine
NL161233C (nl) * 1971-05-04 1980-01-15 Philips Nv Heetgaszuigermachine voorzien van een compressor.
EP0188742A3 (de) * 1985-01-25 1988-08-03 Bomin Solar GmbH & Co KG Wärmekraftmaschine
GB2257753A (en) * 1991-07-13 1993-01-20 T & N Technology Ltd Single cylinder engine balancing.

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2616248A (en) * 1949-01-27 1952-11-04 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Hot-gas reciprocating engine
US2963854A (en) * 1958-03-28 1960-12-13 Philips Corp Hot-gas reciprocating engine
US3074229A (en) * 1960-06-22 1963-01-22 Philips Corp Hot-gas reciprocating machine and system composed of a plurality of these machines

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2616248A (en) * 1949-01-27 1952-11-04 Hartford Nat Bank & Trust Co Hot-gas reciprocating engine
US2963854A (en) * 1958-03-28 1960-12-13 Philips Corp Hot-gas reciprocating engine
US3074229A (en) * 1960-06-22 1963-01-22 Philips Corp Hot-gas reciprocating machine and system composed of a plurality of these machines

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3318089A (en) * 1964-09-10 1967-05-09 Philips Corp Hot-gas piston engines
US3431788A (en) * 1967-03-01 1969-03-11 Philips Corp Piston rod guide for rhombic drive stirling cycle apparatus
US3803857A (en) * 1971-05-28 1974-04-16 Y Ishizaki Refrigeration system
WO1994001670A1 (de) * 1992-07-09 1994-01-20 Ecker Maschinenbau Gmbh & Co Kg Energiewandler nach dem prinzip des heissluftmotors
US5983636A (en) * 1992-07-09 1999-11-16 Ecker Maschinenbau Gmbh Power converter according to the principle of the hot-air engine
US5644917A (en) * 1996-05-13 1997-07-08 Mcwaters; Thomas David Kinematic stirling engine
CN102251877A (zh) * 2011-06-10 2011-11-23 杨永顺 外燃机及其传动机构
CN102251877B (zh) * 2011-06-10 2014-07-30 杨永顺 外燃机及其传动机构
CN102787942A (zh) * 2012-08-31 2012-11-21 杨永顺 外燃机及其传动机构
CN102787942B (zh) * 2012-08-31 2015-04-22 杨永顺 外燃机及其传动机构
RU2812540C1 (ru) * 2023-05-28 2024-01-30 Инал Заурович Катаев Многопоршневой двигатель
RU2819964C1 (ru) * 2023-06-15 2024-05-29 Геннадий Алексеевич Тимофеев Способ и механическое устройство совместного движения поршней в двухпоршневом двигателе

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL271492A (de)
OA00725A (fr) 1967-07-15
AT239005B (de) 1965-03-10
CH417222A (de) 1966-07-15
NL131648C (de)
GB1024274A (en) 1966-03-30
FR1339226A (fr) 1963-10-04

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