US3214015A

US3214015A - Method and apparatus for packaging rolls

Info

Publication number: US3214015A
Application number: US175646A
Authority: US
Inventors: Larry J Budd
Original assignee: Pallet Devices Inc
Current assignee: Pallet Devices Inc
Priority date: 1962-02-26
Filing date: 1962-02-26
Publication date: 1965-10-26
Anticipated expiration: 1982-10-26

Description

Oct. 26, 1965 L. J. BUDD METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PACKAGING ROLLS Filed Feb. 26, 1962 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. 422% J 5000 BY Za A4V% A RNEYS Oct. 26, 1965 J. BUDD 3,214,015

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PACKAGING ROLLS Filed Feb. 26, 1962 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR. 4422/ d 5000 A TTO NE YS Oct. 26, 1965 L. J. BUDD METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PACKAGING ROLLS Filed Feb. 26, 1962 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 5.

INVENTOR. d/wer A T ORNE YS Oct. 26, 1965 L. J. BUDD 3,214,015

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PACKAGING ROLLS Filed Feb. 26, 1962 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 fIE-/ 5.25.16

INVENTOR 4APF 4/ 5&00

A TTORNE YS United States Patent 3,214,015 METHOD AND APPARA'IJISJS FOR PACKAGING ROL Larry J. Budd, Elmhurst, 111., assignor to Pallet Devices, Inc., Des Plaines, Ill., a corporation of Illinois Filed Feb. 26, 1962, Ser. No. 175,646 21 Claims. (Cl. 206'-65) The present invention relates generally to packaging structures and methods of making the same. More particularly, the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for packaging rolls.

In the packaging industry, considerable difliculty has been experienced by packagers in the packaging of long relatively heavy rolls of material such as foil, cellophane, polyethylene sheets, and the like, and which weigh about 150 pounds each depending on the material wound on the roll. It has been found that it has not been desirable to ship rolls of this type while lying fiat on a surface because the rolls tend to assume an egg or oval shape which interferes with the removal and use of the material wound on the rolls and which may also result in damaging the material.

According to the present invention, a new apparatus has been developed for suspending rolls of the type described in a carton in order to overcome the difiiculties noted above. Some rolls have the material wound on them out to the opposite ends of each of the rolls while other rolls have the material wound on them and spaced from the opposite ends. The apparatus of the present invention is versatile in that it may be easily modified to accommodate rolls of either type. Where the material mound on the roll extends to the opposite ends of the roll, the cradle pads may be mounted on the outside of the carton. The cradle pads will be mounted on the inside of the carton where the material wound on the roll does not extend out to the opposite ends of the roll.

According to further features of the presentinvention, a new and improved roll holder has been developed for quick assembly with a side wall of a carton and cooperable with another roll holder on an opposite side wall to suspend a roll between the side walls of the carton.

An important object of the prevent invention is to provide a roll shipping carton and method of manufacturing the same which may be readily adapted for suspending a roll having material wound thereon with the material extending to the opposite ends of the rolls or with the material being spaced from the opposite ends of the roll.

Still another important object of this invention is to provide new and improved roll supportpads and methods of manufacturing the same.

Yet another important object of this invention is to provide a new method of packaging rolls of material.

According to certain of the features of the present invention, there is provided a paperboard carton for rolls comprising a palletized base with spaces between its legs for receipt of a lift fork, a side wall structure having opposing side walls each with vertically spaced rows of wall openings, a cover mounted on top of said side wall struc ture, cradle pads attached to each of said opposing side walls about said openings having a cradle edge associated with each of said side wall openings having the same shape as a lower edge of the opening and in alignment therewith, tubular rolls disposed between and in horizontal alignment with a pair of the wall openings on said opposing side walls, and roll holders for supporting said rolls on said opposing side walls each having a tubular portion telescoped through one of said wall openings and supported on said cradle pad and wall opening edges and in telescoped engagement with one of said tubular rolls.

According to still other features of the present inr 4 3,214,015 Ice Patented Oct. 26, 1965 vention, there is provided a method of packaging rolls of material which method includes the steps of forming a base with a vertical wall structure, notching the wall structure to provide wall openings in opposing walls, aligning tubular rolls between the opposing walls with the wall openings, forming roll holders each by punching a series of annularly disposed fingers from a sheet of material and turning the fingers laterally from the sheet and engaging rings against inner and outer faces of the fingers forming a tubular end on the roll holders, and telescoping the thus formed tubular ends through the wall openings into the interior of the tubular rolls suspending the tubular rolls in spaced relation from said opposing walls and engaging a flanged end of each of said holders against the outside face of the associated opposing wall.

Still another important feature of the present invention relates to the manufacturing of a new and improved roll shipping carton.

Other objects and features of the present invention will more fully become apparent in viewof the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings illustrating several embodiments and in which:

FIGURE 1 is a perspective view of a roll shipping carton;

FIGURE 2 is an enlarged exploded view of the-shipping carton shown in FIGURE 1 with certain components shown in section, which section is taken substantially on the line II-II looking in the direction indicated by the arrows, as seen in FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 3 is an enlarged vertical section taken substantially on the line IH-III looking in the direction indicated by the arrows, as shown in FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 4 is a layout view of a blank for forming the wall structure of the carton shown in FIGURE 1;

FIGURE 5 is a layout view of the blank for forming one of the cushioning pads employed on the carton shown in FIGURE 3;

FIGURE 6 is an end elevation of the blank shown in FIGURE 5 only illustrating the manner in which the foldable pad sections are folded for forming the cushioning pad;

FIGURE 7 is a top plan view of a cushioning pad formed from the blank illustrated in FIGURES 5 and 6;

FIGURE 8 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line VIIIVIII looking in the direction indicated by the arrows, as shown in FIGURE 7;

FIGURE 9 is a top plan view of a blank for forming another cushioning pad also employed on the carton shown in FIGURE 3;

FIGURE 10 is a top plan view of a modified cushioning pad formed from the blank shown in FIGURE 9;

FIGURE 11 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line XI-XI lookingin the direction indicating by the arrows, as shown in FIGURE 10;

FIGURE 12 is a top plan view of a blank for forming a roll holder or cushioning pad;

FIGURE 13 is a cross-sectional view taken substantially on the line XIIIXIII looking in the direction indicated by the arrows, as shown in FIGURE 12;

FIGURE 14 is an enlarged vertical section similar to FIGURE 3 only illustrating the carton having a modified type of cushioning pad mounted on the exterior of the carton;

FIGURE 15 is a top plan view of the cushioning pad shown in FIGURE 14;

FIGURE 16 is a perspective view of still another modified type of carton;

FIGURE 17 is a layout of a blank used in the formation of one of the bottom sections of the carton shown in FIGURE 16; and

FIGURE 18 is an enlarged fragmentary cross-section- 3 al view taken substantially on the line XVIII-XVIII looking in the direction indicated by the arrows, as shown in FIGURE 16. 1

As shown on the drawings:

The reference numeral indicates generally a roll shipping carton. The carton 10 includes a base 11 having legs 12 secured to its underside which legs are preferably of the type shown in the Larry J. Budd et al. Patent 2,507,588. The carton 10 further includes a wall struc- :ture 13 and a cover 14 is mounted on top of the wall structure providing an end closure for the carton 10. Extending between the legs 12 of the car-ton and around the walls of the carton are a series of metal straps 15 for holding .the components of the carton in assembly together.

Mounted within the carton 10 are a series of rolls 16 having material 16a wound thereon. The material may comprise foil, polyethylene, cellophane, and the like. The rolls may be between 42. inches to 60 inches long and may weight about 150 pounds apiece depending upon the material carried on the roll.

In accordance with important features of this invention, it will be noted that a series of roll holders 17 are extended through wall openings in the wall structure 13 which wall openings are illustrated as defined by circular -wall edges 18. Mounted on the wall structure 13 about the openings area series of roll supporting pads or

cushioning pads

19 and 20. In order to mount the tubular roll 16 on the wall structure 13, the rolls 16 are inserted into the carton and the ends of the rolls are aligned with opposed wall openings 18 and the roll holders 17 are guided through the wall openings 18 to suspend the rolls on the wall structure 13. The rolls are engaged with the

roll supporting pads

19 and 20 to provide a rigidified reinforced roll supporting carton.

In the first form of the invention, the base 11 and the cover 14 areof an identical construction except that the legs 12 are formed on the base 11 preferably as shown in FIGURES 6-9 in the Budd et al. Patent 2,507,588. A

is scored at score lines 22-27 to form side walls 28-31,

attachment flap 32, upper closure flaps 33-36 and lower closure flaps 37-40. The blank at 21 is punched to provide the openings 18 and the flap 33 is stapled at S to the flap 30 in order to secure the side walls in a rectangular form. In general, the wall structure 13 as well as the base 11 and the cover 14 may 'be each formed from a single blank of relatively rigid form-sustaining sheet material and preferably of an inexpensive expendable material such as paperboard, fiberboard or the like. These structures are formed by making bends at score lines which may be scored by marking the blank or preferably by actual indentations of the blank, especially when the blank is of paperboard or a like material, but it will be appreciated that marking or indentation is not necessarily required'and that the terms scoring and score line are therefore used in a figurative sense to indicate the position of the bends.

The pad 20 is formed from a blank 41 which is punched providing rows of circular edges 42 defining the blank openings. The blank is scored and partially slit along score lines 4343 forming a main pad section 44 and foldable pad sections 4545. The sections 45-45 are each joined with section 44 by a layer of paper com prising a joint 46. When the sections 45 are folded, the circular edges 42 are converted into semicircular roll engaging edges 47. The sections 45-45 are glued at 48 to section 44 in order to complete the formation of the pad 20 (FIGURE 8).

The pad 19 is formed from a blank 50 ('FIGURE 9) and is scored and partially slit along score line 51 dividing the blank into pad sections 5252. The blank 50 is further provided with circular edges or openings 53.

The pad 50 is folded with paper layer 54 providing a folded joint-between the pad sections 5252 and the sections are then glued or otherwise suitably secured as indicated at 55. The circular edges of the blank 50 are converted into semi-circular roll engaging edges 56-56 after the blank 50 is folded in half.

The roll holders 17 are each formed from a blank 60 (FIGURE 12) which is punched to cut out a center opening defined by the edge 61 and slit along line 62 forming slit sections 63. Fingers or projections 64 are formed by the slitting operation upon turning the slit section 63 away from the collar flange 65. Inner and outer rings or

tubes

66 and 67 are glued at 68 joining the rings or tubes with the fingers 64 to form a roll supporting tubular portion 69 on the roll holder 17.

The components of the carton 10 may be assembled in a number of ways. One manner of assembling the components is by initially folding the flaps 37-40 underneath the wall structure 13 and telescoping the wall structure in assembly with the dished base 11. The rolls are then disposed one by one within the confines of the wall struc ture and aligned with the wall openings 18 whereupon the roll holders 17 are telescoped through the wall openings and into the interior of the tubular rolls 16 to fix the roll in assembly with the wall structure. In order to lock the lower roll holders 17 with the wall structure, the wall structure 13 may be elevated slightly to permit the collar end of the roll holder to be engaged flush against the carton wall structure 13. The wall structure is then released so that the vertical side wall 11a of the base is engaged with the flanged end 65 of the roll holder to lock it in assembly with the Wall structure 13 and with the associated roll 16. The other rolls 16 are assembled with the wall structure and then the cover 14 is engag-ed on top of the wall structure and its vertical side wall 14a is lapped over the flanged end 65 of the roll holder in the same manner as previously described to lock the roll holder 17 with the wall structure 13 and with the associated roll 16. Thereafter, the bands 15 may be attached to the carton to secure the components in unitary assembly.

During the attachment of the rolls with the side walls by means of the holders 17, the

cushioning pads

19 and 20 are placed in position within the carton. To this end, a pair of cushioning pads 19 is initially placed and supported on the flaps 37-40 in such a way that the notches 56 extend vertically upwardly. After the lower rolls are engaged in the notches 56, the second set of cushioning pads are then locked in the carton with the notches 47 engaging the lower rolls and are supported thereon. The upper set of rolls is then disposed within the carton and supported on the cushioning pad edges 47. The uppermost or third set of pads is then mounted on the carton in such a way that its edges 56 are engaged within the rolls. The flaps 33-36 of the wall structure 13 are then folded over the cover 14 in assembly with the wall structure 13 in the manner previously described.

' In FIGURES 14 and 15 is shown a modified carton 10". The carton 10" is especially adapted for carrying rolls 16" having material 16a" wound thereon which material extends to the opposite ends of the roll 16". Primed reference numerals have been used to identify the various components of the carton 10" which correspond to and are substantially identical to the components of the previously described carton 10.

Since the rolls 16" cannot readily be supported on cushioning pads from within the carton without damaging the material 16a" on the rolls, cushioning pads 78 are secured to opposing Walls of the wall structure 13". The cushioning pads 78 may comprise a double thickness of paperboard and may be stapled or glued or otherwise suitably secured to the wall structure 13" of the carton 10". Each of the cushioning pads 78 is provided with a series of circular edges defining openings 79. Tubular ends of the roll holders 17" are extended through the modified roll supporting carton 10.

pad openings into the interior of the rolls 16" whereby the rolls 16" are supported by the wall structure edges aligned with the wall openings 18". The rolls are then secured to the side walls of the wall structure by means of the holder 17" in the same manner as already de scribed.

In FIGURES 16-18, inclusive, is illustrated still another Primed reference numerals have been employed for the purposes of identifying parts which are similar or identical to corresponding parts already described on the carton 10.

The carton is substantially identical to the carton 10 only the wall structure 13' is not formed as a separate element or unit as in the first form, but ratheris formed integral in one piece with the base 11' itself. Also, a

series of covers 14 are employed, one for each base 11'. Throughout the specification and claims, it will be appreciated that the term wall structure has been used in ,a generic sense in that it may be formed either integral with the base, as shown in FIGURE 16, or it may comprise a separate structure as indicated at 13 in FIGURE 1, and as formed from the blank 21 illustrated in FIG- URE 4.

Eachof the bases 11 shown in FIGURE 16 may be formed from a blank 80 as shown in FIGURE 17. The lowermost base differs from the upper ones in that it is not provided with leg openings such as is illustrated in FIGURE 3 and from which the holder fingers 64 are turned.

The blank 80' is provided with criss-crossed score lines 90-93 providing a main base section 81, side Walls or sections 82-85 as well as corner flaps 86-89. After the blank has been scored as described, and after the corner flaps have been partially slit, the side walls are turned away from the base section, and the corner flaps are folded as shown in FIGURE 17 and stapled at S to an l adjoining side wall to complete the formation of each of the

base sections

11, 11' and 11". The

covers

14, 14 and 14" may be formed in an identical manner except that ,the side walls 82-84 (the side Walls all being indicated at 14a) of the cover are not cut to provide the openings 18. v

The components-of the carton 10' may be assembled in much the same manner as already described. Initially the components including the base 11' and the cover 14' are .formedto shape with the base 11' being provided with legs 12. Cushioning pads 19' are then inserted into the base and rolls 16 are'supported upon the cushioning pads 19 and secured with the wall structure 13' by means of the roll holders 17f. The cover 14' is then secured with the base 11 in such a Way that vertical side walls 140' are disposed in lapped engagement over the flanged end of the roll holder 17 to secure the roll holders 17' in unitary assembly with the wall structure Additional units identical to the one just described only without the legs 12 are assembled and stacked on top of the lowermost unit and the units are all secured in unitary assembly by means of the straps In view of the foregoing description, it will now be seen how rools may be securely attached in suspension with the side walls of a carton so that the rolls will not I be damaged during shipment. The roll holders are of a can be readily supported by a lift truck or the like to a truck or railroad car and conveniently shipped to the purchaser. The carton itself can be economically manufactured and can be'disposed of or reused as desired. Another advantage of a carton of this type is that its component parts can be shipped to a purchaser such as a roll manufacturer in knock-down form at a minimum of shipping expense. The components of the carton may be very suitably manufactured from a corrugated type of paperboard of any suitable type.

It will be understood that modifications and variations may be effected without departing from the scope of the novel concepts of the present invention.

I claim as my invention:

1. A roll shipping carton comprising a base having a multi-sided side wall structure,

a pair of opposing side walls of the wall structure having pairs of opposing side wall openings,

roll carriage pads engaged with the side walls and having roll supporting edges axially aligned with the side wall openings,

tubular rolls each coaxially aligned with one of the pairs of said opposing side wall openings, and roll holders for securing opposite ends of the rolls in removable assembly with the side walls each having a flanged end and a tubular portion, the tubular portion being telescoped through said one of said side wall openings and disposed internally of an end of the associated tubular roll in supporting engagement therewith with the load of the roll being supported at opposite ends by said pads.

2. The carton of claim 1 further characterized by said carriage pads being mounted on outside surfaces of the opposing walls of the wall structure.

3. The carton of claim 1 further characterized by said carriage pads being engaged with inside surfaces of the opposing -walls of the wall structure.

4. The carton of claim 1 further characterized by said pads being comprised of pad sections having a folded joint along one margin,

sets of semi-circularedges spaced along said one margin with each pad section having one of said edges in each set, and

means securing said pad sections together.

5. The carton of claim 1 further characterized by said pads being comprised of a corrugated paperboard material,

pad sections having a folded joint along one margin,

sets of semi-circular edges spaced along said one margin with each pad section having one of said edges in each set, and

means securing said pad section together, said joint comprising a single folded layer of paper.

6. The carton of claim 1 further characterized by said pads being comprised of f pad sections having a folded joint along one margin,

sets of semi-circular edges spaced along said one margin with each pad section having one of said edges in each set, and means securing said pad section together, said pad having semi-circular edges formed on its opposite margins.

7. The carton of claim 1 further characterized by said pads being comprised of pad sections having a folded joint along each margin of the pad,

sets of semi-circular edges spaced along said each margin with each pad section having one of said edges in eachset, and

means securing said pad section together.

8. The carton of claim 1 further characterized by each opposing wall having its wall openings vertically spaced and each wall provided with three pads with one pad disposed below and supporting the lowermost rolls, a

ly engaged with the uppermost rolls holding the rolls in position in the carton.

9. The carton of claim 8 further characterized by said second pad comprising pad sections having a folded joint along one margin,

means securing said pad section together, said pad having semi-circular edges formed on its opposite margins.

10. The carton of claim 8 further characterized by said one and third pads comprising pad sections having a .folded joint along one margin,

means securing said pad sections together.

11. The carton of claim 1 further characterized by said carriage pads each heingmounted on an outside surface of one of the opposing walls of the wall structure and having parallel sides and circular pad openings therethrough.

12. The carton of claim 1 further characterized by each of said holders comprising a holder member having annularly arranged turned fingers, and

rings secured with said fingers on radially inner and outer sides of the fingers.

13. The carton of claim 1 further characterized by a cover being mounted thereon and having a side wall lapped over the flanged end of said roll holders securing the flanged end in assembly with the carton between the wall structure and the cover side wall.

14. The carton of claim 1 further characterized'by the base and the multi-sided side wall structure comprising separate units.

15. The carton of claim 1 further characterized by said multi-sided side wall structure being integral with and part of said base.

16. The carton of claim 1 further characterized by the base and the multi-sided side wall structure comprising separate units,

said base having an integral vertical side wall lapped over said multi-sided side wall structure with said multi-sided side Wall structure resting on said base,

said vertical side wall providing means for locking said flanged ends of said roll holders in assembly with said multi-sided side wall structure.

17. A paperboard carton for rolls comprising a palletized base with spaces between its legs for receipt of a lift fork,

a side wall structure having opposing side walls each with vertically spaced rows of wall openings,

a cover mounted on top of said side wall structure,

a cradle attached to each of said opposing side walls about said openings having a cradle edge associated with each of said side wall openings having the same shape as a lower edge of the opening and in alignment therewith,

tubular rolls disposed'between and in horizontal alignment with a pair of the wall openings on said opposing side walls, and

roll holders for supporting said rolls on said opposing side walls each having a tubular portion telescoped through one of said wall openings on said cradle and wall opening edges and in telescoped engagement with one of said tubular rolls.

18. A paperboard carton for rolls comprising a palletized base with spaces'betweenits legs for receipt of a lift fork,

a cover mounted on top fsaid side wall structure,

a cradle attached to each of said opposing side walls about said openings having a cradle edge associated with each of said side wall openings having thesame shape as a lower edge of the opening and in alignment therewith,

tubular rolls disposed between and in horizontal alignment with a pair of the wall openings on said opposing side walls, and

roll holders for supporting said rolls on said opposing side walls each having a tubular portion telescoped through one of said wall openings on said cradle and wall opening edges and in telescoped engagement with one of said tubular rolls,

the roll holders each having a flanged holder end engaged against the side wall providing stop means to prevent the tubular end from becoming disengaged from said cradle and wall opening edges.

19. A paperboard carton for rolls comprising a palletized base with spaces between its legs for receipt of a lift fork,

a cover mounted on top of said side wall structure,

the roll holders each having a flanged holder end engaged against the side wall providing stop means to prevent the tubular end from becoming disengaged from said cradle and wall opening edges,

said base and cover each having a vertical side wall extending about the sides of said side Wall structure with the vertical side wall of the cover engaged with the flanged holder ends of the uppermost roll holders and with the vertical side wall of the base engaged with the flanged holder ends of the lowermost roll holders,

whereby the roll holders are securely held in supporting engagement with said rolls.

20. A paperboard carton for rolls comprising a palletized base with spaces between its legs for receipt of a lift fork,

a cover mounted on top of said side wall structure,

tubular rolls disposed between and in horizontal alignment with a pair of the wall openings on said opposing side walls,

said cradle being comprised of three vertically stacked sections on each side wall,

the lowermost sections disposed below the lowermost row of openings on said opposing side walls,

the middle section disposed over the lowermost row of openings and beneath the uppermost row of openings, and

the uppermost sections disposed over the uppermost row of openings,

said sections all having edges engaged with said rolls for supporting the rolls on the side walls.

21. A roll shipping carton comprising a multi-sided side wall structure,

tubular rolls each coaxially aligned with one of the pairs of said opposing side wall openings, and roll holders for securing opposite ends of the rolls in removable assembly with the side walls each having a flanged end and a tubular portion joined at one end with the flanged end,

the tubular portion being telescoped through said one of said side wall openings and disposed internally of an end of the associated tubular roll in supporting engagement therewith with the load of the roll being supported at opposite ends by the associated pads,

each of the flanged ends being disposed on one side of the associated cradle pad and an opposite end of said tubular portion being disposed on an opposite side of the same associated cradle pad for locking the side wall and the pad in unitary relation with 5 said roll.

References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,314,491 3/43 Greenberg 206-46 10 2,494,730 1/50 Thursby 229-6 2,628,715 2/53 Budd 206--65 2,699,866 1/55 Russell 206-65 2,794,546 6/57 Miller 206-59 1 2,990,951 7/61 Fallert 20665 5 2,994,252 8/61 Lilick 93 1 3,071,045 1/63 Budd 931 FRANKLIN T. GARRETT, Primary Examiner.

20 EARLE J. DRUMMOND, WESLEY S. COLE,

GEORGE O. RALSTON, Examiners.

Claims

1. A ROLL SHIPPING CARTON COMPRISING A BASE HAVING A MULTI-SIDED SIDE WALL STRUCTURE, A PAIR OF OPPOSING SIDE WALLS OF THE WALL STRUCTURE HAVING HAIRS OF OPPOSING SIDE WALL OPENINGS, ROLL CARRIAGE PADS ENGAGED WITH THE SIDE WALLS AND HAVING ROLL SUPPORTING EDGES AXIALLY ALIGNED WITH THE SIDE WALL OPENINGS, TUBULAR ROLLS EACH COAXIALLY ALIGNED WITH ONE OF THE PAIRS OF SAID OPPOSING SIDE WALL OPENINGS, AND ROLL HOLDERS FOR SECURING OPPOSITE ENDS OF THE ROLLS IN REMOVABLY ASSEMBLY WITH THE SIDE WALL EACH HAVING A FLANGED END AND A TUBULAR PORTION, THE TUBULAR PORTION BEING TELESCOPED THROUGH SAID ONE OF SAID SIDE WALL OPENING AND DISPOSED INTERNALLY OF AN END OF THE ASSOCIATED TUBULAR ROLL IN SUPPORTINH ENGAGEMENT THEREWITH WITH THE LOAD OF THE ROLL BEING SUPPORTED AT OPPOSITE ENDS BY SAID PADS.