US3212913A - Adhesive transfers - Google Patents

Adhesive transfers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3212913A
US3212913A US444321A US44432165A US3212913A US 3212913 A US3212913 A US 3212913A US 444321 A US444321 A US 444321A US 44432165 A US44432165 A US 44432165A US 3212913 A US3212913 A US 3212913A
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United States
Prior art keywords
adhesive
indicia
carrier sheet
image
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US444321A
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English (en)
Inventor
Frederick W Mackenzie
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Esselte Pendaflex Corp
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Letraset International Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE619000D priority Critical patent/BE619000A/xx
Priority to NL280068D priority patent/NL280068A/xx
Priority to FR901620A priority patent/FR1326150A/fr
Application filed by Letraset International Ltd filed Critical Letraset International Ltd
Priority to US444321A priority patent/US3212913A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3212913A publication Critical patent/US3212913A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to ESSELTE PENDAFLEX CORPORATION reassignment ESSELTE PENDAFLEX CORPORATION MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). MARCH 30, 1983 Assignors: LETRASET USA INC. (INTO)
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J129/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Adhesives based on hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J129/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated ethers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44C—PRODUCING DECORATIVE EFFECTS; MOSAICS; TARSIA WORK; PAPERHANGING
    • B44C1/00—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects
    • B44C1/16—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like
    • B44C1/165—Processes, not specifically provided for elsewhere, for producing decorative surface effects for applying transfer pictures or the like for decalcomanias; sheet material therefor
    • B44C1/17—Dry transfer
    • B44C1/1733—Decalcomanias applied under pressure only, e.g. provided with a pressure sensitive adhesive
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J123/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J123/02—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C09J123/18—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms
    • C09J123/20—Homopolymers or copolymers of hydrocarbons having four or more carbon atoms having four to nine carbon atoms
    • C09J123/22—Copolymers of isobutene; Butyl rubber ; Homo- or copolymers of other iso-olefines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J133/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides, or nitriles thereof; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09J133/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
    • C09J133/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing only carbon, hydrogen and oxygen, the oxygen atom being present only as part of the carboxyl radical
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
    • C09J7/38—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA]
    • C09J7/381—Pressure-sensitive adhesives [PSA] based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
    • C08L2666/02—Organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials
    • C08L2666/04—Macromolecular compounds according to groups C08L7/00 - C08L49/00, or C08L55/00 - C08L57/00; Derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2666/00—Composition of polymers characterized by a further compound in the blend, being organic macromolecular compounds, natural resins, waxes or and bituminous materials, non-macromolecular organic substances, inorganic substances or characterized by their function in the composition
    • C08L2666/28—Non-macromolecular organic substances
    • C08L2666/34—Oxygen-containing compounds, including ammonium and metal salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J2301/30—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier
    • C09J2301/302—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the chemical, physicochemical or physical properties of the adhesive or the carrier the adhesive being pressure-sensitive, i.e. tacky at temperatures inferior to 30°C
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S206/00—Special receptacle or package
    • Y10S206/813—Adhesive
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/914—Transfer or decalcomania
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24893—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including particulate material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
    • Y10T428/2852—Adhesive compositions
    • Y10T428/2857—Adhesive compositions including metal or compound thereof or natural rubber
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
    • Y10T428/2852—Adhesive compositions
    • Y10T428/2878—Adhesive compositions including addition polymer from unsaturated monomer
    • Y10T428/2883—Adhesive compositions including addition polymer from unsaturated monomer including addition polymer of diene monomer [e.g., SBR, SIS, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/28—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component and having an adhesive outermost layer
    • Y10T428/2852—Adhesive compositions
    • Y10T428/2878—Adhesive compositions including addition polymer from unsaturated monomer
    • Y10T428/2891—Adhesive compositions including addition polymer from unsaturated monomer including addition polymer from alpha-beta unsaturated carboxylic acid [e.g., acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, etc.] Or derivative thereof

Definitions

  • This invention relates to adhesive transfers (decalcomanias) and more particularly to a form of transfer material in which an image, design or printed matter (hereinafter generally referred to as indicia) may be transferred from a carrier sheet to a further support.
  • the invention includes transfer materials, their production and the processes of their use.
  • Transfer materials consisting of a carrier sheet carrying an indicia which can be transferred bodily from the carrier sheet to a further support are very well known indeed and a great deal of effort has been directed to the production of such materials which will permit transfer, in close register, of any indicia with ease, speed and reliability and which will give consistently good results.
  • Absolute accuracy of register is difficult to achieve so that such methods have usually only been employed where the indicia are -of very simple form, e.g. straightforward geometrical designs.
  • dry transfer materials of the type just discussed have usually used a paper carrier support, sometimes a laminar product of a fair degree of complication, which has had a very limited transparency or translucency (if indeed it was not opaque) so that accurate positioning of the transfer material, when the transfer is being effected, is the more difficult.
  • carrier sheets based on paper have often suffered from the disadvantage of dimensional variation with atmospheric conditions, and have often had a serious tendency to curl.
  • a transfer material comprising a light transmitting extensible base sheet printed with indicia on one face and said indicia super-coated with an adhesive, the adhesive being of a character which will not adhere to another surface under light finger pressure but which will adhere to another surface when a substantial pressure is applied to the reverse side of the base sheet, whereby when the base sheet is subsequently lifted away the indicia remains, stuck by the adhesive, on said other surface.
  • a transfer material comprising a carrier sheet consisting -of a sheet of transparent or translucent lm of high dimensional stability under normally varying conditions of temperature and humidity but which is readily capable of stretching on application of tension thereto, indicia in printing ink carried by said carrier sheet, said printing ink being based essentially on a polymeric material and containing a plasticiser therefore, and a thin layer of -a pressure sensitive adhesive extending over the whole of the printed area of the carrier sheet on the printed side, the adhesion between the said indicia and the carrier sheet being reducible by local stretching of the carrier sheet in the region thereof, and the pressure sensitive adhesive being substantially non-bonding at pressures less than 50 lbs. per square inch.
  • Transfer materials according to the present invention are easy to handle 4since the pressure sensitive adhesive will not bond to .anything with which it cornes into contact unless a substantial pressure is applied. It is accordingly not necessary to provide a protective sheet semipermanently stuck to the adhesive surface. It is desirable in practice to interleave the transfer materials with, Ifor example, silicone-treated interleaving paper but this paper does not stick tightly to the Iadhesive layer and will usually separate under its own weight.
  • the transparency or translucency of the support -sheet enables the transfer material to be accurately positioned rfor use since the indicia can be seen through the back of the sheet.
  • the whole product is stable under normal storage conditions and when required for use it is only necessary to apply it to the surface on t-o which the transfer is to be made, and -apply a pressure in excess of 50 lbs. per square inch to the back of the carrier.
  • the indicia then release from the support sheet and become adherent to the said surface.
  • the adhesive is applied as a thin layer over the whole surface of the printed side of the carrier and it is found that, provided it has a lower tensile strength than that of the printing ink and good adhesion to the non-printed areas of the carrier, it Will shea-r round the elements of the printed indicia so that only the adhesive coated n the printed indicia will transfer.
  • the preferred material for use is polyethylene ilm made of polyethylene of density 0.96 g./.m.'l., melt index 0.2 (method of BS 1972); softening point 122 C. for 30 deflection (BS 1493); tensile strength 4200 p.s.i. (BS 2571); elongation at break 100-500%; Young Modulus 2.0 105 p.s.i.; and Water absorption less than .01% vafter 30 days immersion.
  • the above polymer has a different molecular structure to conventional polyethylene, having linear and more regular polymer chains with very little side chain branching, which impart a high degree of crystal'linity of about 93%. This structure provides the physical and chemical properties required for use in the present invention namely, stiffness, strength and elongation in very thin lm form, and resistance to temperature, water and solvents.
  • the lm support may be, for example of thickness 0.001 to 0.008 inch and may have a glossy, matt or -semimatt surface and the transferred indicia will have a Icorresponding surface.
  • a matt surface to the transferred indicia is sometimes of value where the transferred image is to be used ⁇ for photographic reproduction.
  • the indicia are applied to the carrier support sheet by a printing operation.
  • the formulation of the ink is yof importance in order that it should meet the requirements set lforth above, i.e. that it should adhere sufficiently ⁇ to the -support and yet be freed from the support by localised stretching of the support.
  • the ink consists essentially of a high polymer and a plasticiser therefor. Generally it is found desirable to select a high polymer which, if used alone, would release spontaneously tfrom the support and then to add to it lsuflicient of a plasticizer as to achieve the desired level -of adhesion to the support.
  • a clear ink medium may be prepared from a high polymer of cellulose nitrate of extra low, low or medium viscosity type, being an ester soluble grade, of nitrogen content of ILS-12.3%, or a spirit soluble grade of nitrogen content 10.5-11.2%.
  • the cellulose nitrate may be employed damped in butanol, or the like, with 65 to 70% polymer solids.
  • the cellulose nitrate is dissolved in a solvent suitable in volatility for the particular printing process, and which does not dissolve, curl or distort the carrier sheet.
  • Aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon solvents are undesirable, but esters, ether-esters, ketones, alcohols, ether-alcohols, ketonealcohols are suitable on the polyethylene carrier support referred to above.
  • a high polymer solution as thus formulated provides the necessary tensile strength of the dry ink iilm, but used without the inclusion of placticiser would give indicia which would spontaneously release from the carrier sheet.
  • a plasticiser must be added to the lhigh polymer solution to impart exibility according to the known principles of lacquer formulation .and also to control the release to precisely the required value by a most careful control of concentration.
  • Two types of plasticiser may be used; one type is the so called solvent plasticiser which may provide part of the plasticiser content and is usually a non-polymeric material of low volatility, usually an ester, which is compatible with the high polymer and has a softening or dissolving action on it. Examples are dioctyl phthalate, tributylcitrate, dimethylcyclohexyl adipate, trixylenylphospate.
  • the second type of plasticiser is a non drying oil (i.e. non oxidising) modified polyester, compatible with the high polymer.
  • oils, alcohols and acids may be variously rrployed in the production of such polysters:
  • Phthalic (or anhydride) Isophthalic Terephthalic Adipic Sebacic
  • a particularly advantageous plasticisor is a polyglyceryl sebacate, of 72% castor oil content and having a viscosity x-y, Gardner-Holdt scale.
  • cellulose nitrate as the polymer there may be Used, for parts of cellulose nitrate, 20 to parts of plasticisor, e.g. 55 to 150 parts of a castor- 011 modled alkyd resin or hydrogenated castor-oil modiiied alkyd resin.
  • the PflfhlUlg iIlkS Sed may be clear or pigmented or dyed and it 1s found to be particularly advantageous to formulate them so that they may be applied by silk-screen prmtmg methods.
  • suiiicient to so formulate the mk that 1t will adhere to the carrier sheet at pressures below 2 lbs. per square inch but will release from the carrier sheet at pressures of 50 lbs. per square in ch or more.
  • the printed indicia which may be a clear non-pigmented ink
  • the printed indicia may be overprinted with a normal type printing ink applied by any conventional method, e.g. by screen process, letterpress, olset litho, gravure, flexographic or brinzing processes, and this overprinting may constitute the means whereby colouration or opacity is imparted to the indicia.
  • a layer of a pressuresensitive adhesive having a tack-controlling component that is believed to take the form of a surface shield.
  • a composition which comprises as a first component, an elastomer which is intrinsically tacky or which has admixed therewith a resin imparting tackiness thereto, and, as a second component, a substance which reduces the tack of the composition to a level not exceeding a peel bond value of and, preferentially, not exceeding 10 grams per linear inch at a pressure of 0.5 p.s.i., the composition exhibiting gradually greater peel bond values at higher pressures up to a maximum peel bond value under a pressure of 50 p.s.i., or more.
  • an adhesive composition When such an adhesive composition is used as a layer on a flexible base, it is almost non-tacky so that when placed on the receptor surface it may be moved into an exact position without -diiculty and without damage to the adhesive sheet or to the receptor surface by premature adhesion. After such positioning, the application of light fixing pressure will lightly adhere the adhesive sheet to the receptor surface and a strong pressure will increase the strength of adhesion up to a maximum adhesion value above which higher fixing pressure has no further effect.
  • This maximum adhesion value may be predetermined to be such as to permit the adhesive base sheet, or any printed or coated element on such sheet directly under the adhesive layer, to be subsequently removed from the receptor surface without damaging the receptor surface.
  • the adhesive base or element may be removed by pulling off with a piece of ordinary tacky adhesive tape.
  • an adhesion of 100 grams per linear inch peel bond is a suitable maximum value to avoid paper tear or delamination when removing the adhesive base or element.
  • the fixing pressure required to cause maximum adhesion is essentially a high pressure, ranging from 50 p.s.i. to 500 p.s.i. or more, and yhigh pressures of 500 or 1,000 p.s.i. are readily achieved by making a series of strokes over the back of the adhesive sheet with a stylus or ballpoint.
  • the adhesives preferred in this aspect of the present invention contain two main components, which, for convenience are referred to herein as Component 1 and Component 2.
  • Component 1 is an elastomer which is intrinsically tacky or is rendered tacky by the usual tackifying resins and will, accordingly, adhere on contact.
  • Component 2 is a substance which reduces tack and prevents the adhesive composition from adhering on light contact but is such lthat, on the application of a high fixing pressure of 50 p.s.i. to 500 p.s.i.
  • the composition will adhere to a predetermined maximum adhesion value and, at pressures below that required for maximum adhesion, Will adhere with proportionally lower adhesion values, until at a pressure of 1/2 p.s.i., an adhesion of l5 grams per linear inch peel bond, ⁇ or less, is exhibited.
  • Component 1 is preferably an organic polymer of K value at least l0 or molecular weight 10,000 or more, which is tacky and which yields films having a high elongation.
  • Particular groups of polymers of value are the polyacrylic or polymethacrylic esters and acids, polyvinyl ethers, polyisoprene including natural rubber, polyvinyl esters, polychloroprene, polyisobutylene, polybutadiene, polybutene and copolymers of these with each other or with other polymerisable monomers.
  • Tackifying resins may be included to increase intrinsic tack such as hydrocarbon resins, terpene resins, and rosin,
  • Preferred materials for Component l are a polyvinylalkyl ether in which the alkyl group contains 2 to 4 carbon atoms, or a polybutyl acrylate alone or copolymerised with methyl acrylate, or a mixture of these or either or both in admixture with polyisobutylene.
  • Component 2 is a substance used at a concentration of 15%-50% by weight of the adhesive composition and is physically characterised as a substance which is deformable or flows under a high pressure of 50-500 p.s.i. and provides an adhesive composition with a durometer hardness of units or less (see ASTM 676-49T).
  • Chemically, Component 2 may be selected from classes of organic compounds containing one or more hydrocarbon or hydrocarbon ether chains totalling at least l2 carbon atoms which are believed to provide the low molecular forces responsible for deformability under pressure. Preferably, such compounds have a molecular weight -of 800 or less.
  • the adhesive composition is distinctly elastomericor rubbery and does not exhibit wax-like properties, such as low scratch resistance, transfer or offsetting under pressure of the type shown by carbon paper, or melting to a thin liquid when heated to a relatively low temperature. It is believed that the adhesive composition exists as two phases in which particles of tacky Component l are shielded by particles, or a surface film, of Component 2, until a pressure of 50-500 p.s.i. or more is applied, which causes Component 2 to flow or deform, and allow Component l to contact Vand adhere to the receptor surface. Therefore, the concentration of Component 2, its deformability, its particle size and distribution are factors which are controlled as required to select the pressure/ adhesion curve, the threshold pressure for adhesion and maximum adhesion value as may be required for any particular product of this invention.
  • Particular organic compounds which may be used as Component 2 are long chain hydrocarbons, carboxylic acids of long chain hydrocarbons, and their metallic salts, esters, polyesters, amide, nitrile and amine and quaternary ammonium derivatives, alcohol derivatives of long chain hydrocarbons, and polyglycol derivatives.
  • esters of polyhydric alcohols and fatty acids which may be prepared by direct esterification of tihe polyhydric alcohol by the free fatty acid at elevated temperature for some hours, with constant stirring.
  • An alkaline or metallic soap catalyst may be used to accelerate the reaction.
  • an excess of fatty acids is used over the stoichiometric ratio for the mono or diester; this excess acid may be left in the final product or may be neutralised with sodium bicarbonate to leave a proportion of metallic soap in the ester.
  • Suitable polyols and acids are:
  • the mono esters of the glycols and the mono and diesters of 'the trihydric alcohols are particularly suitable since they are 4readily dispersible in cold or hot Water, using an anionic surface active agent.
  • diethylene glycol mono stearate and glyceryl monostearate are readily dispersible in water.
  • Component 2 itself may be surface active which may assist absorption and shielding of Component 1 particles.
  • Component 2 It is sometimes advantageous to include in Component 2 a small proportion of a polyglycol.
  • transparent llers such as silica
  • transparent llers in the form of line powders
  • Such powders may be used in the adhesive as a third component but if used in high concentration they will reduce the tack of Componentll s-o that a highly tacky form of Component 11, ysuch as polyisobutylene of low molecular weight, must then be used.
  • the concentration of Component 2 may be also reduced to compensate for the tack reducing properties of the powder.
  • a water-based liquid composition by intermixing a solution, dispersion or emulsion in water of Component 1 with a solution, dispersion or emulsion in water of Component 2.
  • Dispe-rsing or emulsifying ⁇ agents may be added to assist in the production of dispersions or emulsions, e.g. anionic, cationic, ampholytic or non-ionic surface active agents.
  • an organic solvent-based liquid composition may be produced by intermixing an organic solvent solution of Component 1 with an organic solution or dispersion of Component 2.
  • Example 1 An aqueous emulsion is made up of the following components.
  • Suitable monomers are, for example, vinyl caprate, butyl acrylate, ethyl hexyl acrylate and vinyl butyl ether. 'Particularly valuable results are obtained by using butyl acrylate alone or with 20% methyl methacrylate.
  • a clearly tacky film is obtained having elastomeric properties and high elongation and will adhere to a receptor surface such as glass under light contact and will adhere with maximum adhesive when a pressure of 1/2 p.s.i. is applied to give a peel bond of 300- grams per inch.
  • An aqueous viscous dispersion of a fatty acid ester of a polyhydric alcohol, such as glycerol monostearate, is formed from 2 parts of ester and l2 parts of water. To this is added 8 parts of the emulsion described above at 50% solid content, to give a concentration of 33% of the ester on the total solids content of the adhesive.
  • This liquid adhesive is a thin paste which may be printed by the screen process on to a polyethylene exible base 0.002 inch thick, and after drying gives a dry adhesive layer of 0.0003 inch thickness.
  • This adhesive has a rubbery feel and is almost nonsticky to the touch and will not adhere to paper or glass under its own weight. At a pressure of 500 p.s.i., the adhesive will adhere rmly with a peel bond of 75 gramsper inch and may be subsequently peeled away without da-mage to the paper surface.
  • Example 2 Polyisobutylene or polyvinylibutylether with K values of 10 to 65 are tacky materials and are dissolved in aliphatic petroleum, boiling range fll0 C.l20 C., to provide a solution of up to 50% solids.
  • a 30% dispersion of microcrystalline hydrocarbon wax l75/ 180 F. (ASTM Test) with penetrometer hardness of 1.5 mm. is prepared by dissolving the wax in hot aliphatic petroleum of similar boiling range. parts of wax dispersion are added hot to 50 parts of the adhesive solution to provide, after drying by evaporation, a very low tack adhesive.
  • peel bonds are determined under controlled conditions in which a l inch wide strip of smooth, calendered, uncoated printing paper, caliper 0.0015 inch, previously conditioned at 20 C. and 55% RH. is placed on the adhesive surface at 20 C. and a uniform pressure of 1/2 p.s.i. is applied for 3 seconds, for example, using a flat weight cushioned 'by 1A; inch foam rubber. The peel bond is then immediately determined by peeling off the paper strip at right angles to the adhesive surface at a steady rate of l inch per 5 seconds, the average force required being the peel fbond.
  • the adhesive may be used over an indicia-printed base made according to the following example:
  • a clear ink which has excellent screen printing properties is formulated as follows:
  • a modification of this ink to include pigment is achieved by the addition of 6000 parts of rutile titanium dioxide and adjustment of the polymer to total plasticizer ratio to 100:81.
  • Such clear or pigmented ink medium is printed through a stainless steel or nylon mesh screen, the design being formed by a hand cut stencil for simple designs and a photostencil for complex designs, to provide a dry ink lrn thickness of 0.0005i0-0002 inch, on a polyethylene film (polyethylene density 0.96 referred to above).
  • the resulting transfer material may be used in the following manner:
  • the transfer material is placed, adhesive side down, onto the surface which is to receive the indicia, such as a sheet of drawing paper or lm.
  • the indicia is registered with the surface and then pressure is applied using a standard ball-point pen having a .040 inch diameter ball, using a light writing load of 2 ozs. This constitutes an average pressure of 1600 p.s.i. since the pressure band is of .010 inch width, and causes a noticeable stretch in the carrier sheet which exceed the yield point of the film and can be seen and felt when the pressure is released.
  • the pressure is applied as a series of strokes over at least part of the perimeter of each ink area, when uni-directional lifting away of the carrier lm is desirable. If pressure is applied over the whole of the perimeter of ink area the carrier film may be lifted away in any direction.
  • FIGURE l shows a diagrammatic section of the dry transfer material
  • FIGURE 2 shows at left pictorially and at right in section the method and mechanism of transfer
  • FIGURE 3 shows at left pictorially the result of the transfer operation and at right the residual elements of the transfer material in their new location.
  • FIGURE 1 there is shown the carrier lm 1 carrying indicia 2 (one such is shown) and adhesive 3. It will be noted that the adhesive extends beyond the margins of the indicia to overlap onto the carrier lm 1.
  • the dry transfer material is laid down with the surface of adhesive layer 3 in contact with a receiving sheet 4.
  • Pressure is applied to the area of the carrier lm 1 behind the indicia 2 by means of a ball point pen 5.
  • the effect is to stretch the lm 1 as shown and thus release the indicia 2 from the lm 1. Air thus enters between the indica 2 and the lm 1.
  • the dry transfer material is then lifted away as shown in FIGURE 3.
  • the area of adhesive 3 which overlapped onto the lm 1 remains in position on the carrier lm 1 due to shearing of the adhesive around the edges of the indicia.
  • the indica 2 however is adherent to the receiving sheet 4 by means of that part of the adhesive 3 which lay over the indicia 2.
  • a dry transfer sheet which comprises a carrier sheet, an image of film-forming printing ink printed on a front face of the said carrier sheet and having a mechanically breakable bond thereto, and a low-tack pressure sensitive adhesive applied over the image overlapping onto the said carrier sheet, such that the image may be caused bodily to adhere, by means of said adhesive, to a receiving surface, by pressure applied to the rear surface of the carrier sheet in the region of the image, the cohesive strength of the adhesive, and its adhesive bond to the carrier sheet in the overlap areas, being greater than the adhesive bond established between the adhesive and the receiving surface on application of image-transferring pressure in the area of the image, the said cohesive strength and adhesive bonds being measured in a direction normal to the carrier sheet, the adhesive having such limited strength relative tothe strength of the image and the adhesion thereof by said adhesive to the receiving surface as to part around the outline of the image when the carrier sheet is pulled from the receiving surface after image-transferring adhesion to the receiving surface is produced by applied pressure both in the area of the image and in the overlap
  • a dry transfer sheet which comprises a light transmitting carrier sheet, a plurality of separate indicia of film-forming ink printed on a front face of the said carrier sheet and having a mechanically breakable bond thereto, and a low-tack pressure sensitive adhesive applied over the said indicia and overlapping onto the said carrier sheet, said adhesive having a Ilow tack at pressures of substantially less than about 50 pounds per-square-inch and a substantial tack at pressures above about 50 pounds per-square-inch, such that selected individual indicia may be caused bodily to adhere, by means of said adhesive, to a receiving surface, by pressure of at least 50 pounds per-square-inch applied to the rear surface of the carrier sheet in the region of the selected indicia, the cohesive strength of the adhesive, and its adhesive bond to the carrier sheet in the overlap areas, being greater than the adhesive bond established between the adhesive and the receiving surface on application of at least 50 pounds per-square-inch in the areas of the indicia, the said cohesive strength and
  • a dry transfer sheet which comprises a light transmitting carrier film of high dimensional stability under normally varying conditions of temperature and humidity but which is stretchable on application thereto of a localized stress, a plurality of separate indicia of film-forming ink on a front face of the said carrier film and having a bond thereto that is mechanically breakable by local stretching of the carrier iilm in the region of the indicia, and a low-tack pressure sensitive adhesive applied over the said indicia and overlapping onto the said carrier film, such that selected individual indicia may be caused bodily to adhere, by means of said adhesive, to a receiving surface, by pressure applied to the rear surface of the carrier film in the region of the selected indicia sufficient to stretch the carrier film locally and thereby break the bond between the carrier lm and the said indicia, the cohesive strength of the adhesive, and its adhesive bond to the carrier lm in the overlap areas, being greater than the adhesive bond established between the adhesive and the receiving surface on application of said
  • a dry transfer sheet which comprises a light transmitting carrier sheet, a plurality of separate indicia of film-forming printing ink on a front face of the said carrier sheet and having a mechanically breakable bond thereto, and a low-tack pressure sensitive adhesive of a high-tack adhesive component admixed with a tack-reducing low tensile strength deformable component applied over the said indicia and overlapping onto the said carrier sheet, such that selected individual indicia may be caused bodily to adhere, by means of said adhesive, to a receiving surface, and to transfer to said :surface by localized pressure applied to the rear surface of the carrier sheet in the region of the selected indicia, the cohesive strength of the adhesive, and its adhesive bonds to the carrier sheet in the overlap areas, being greater than the adhesive bond established between the adhesive .and the receiving surface on application of indicia-transferring pressure, the said cohesive strength and adhesive bonds being measured in a direction normal to the carrier sheet, and the strength of the indici
  • a dry transfer sheet which comprises a light transmitting carrier sheet, a plurality of separate indicia of film-forming ink printed on a front face of the said carrier sheet and having a mechanically breakable bond thereto, and a low-tack pressure sensitive adhesive applied over the said indicia and overlapping onto the said carrier sheet, the adhesive being a low tack admixture of a high-tack adhesive component selected from the class consisting of acrylic and methacrylic ester land acid polymers and copolymers, vinyl ether and ester polymers and copolymers, polyisobutylene and polybutene, and a tack reducing low tensile strength deformable component selected from the class consisting of saturated long chain hydrocarbons and acids and esters and amides thereof and polymer of any of same and long chain alcohols and polyglycols, such that selected individual in- -dicia may be caused bodily to adhere, by means of said adhesive, to a receiving surface, on application
  • a dry transfer sheet which comprises a light transmitting carrier sheet, a plurality of separate indicia of printing ink printed on a front face of the said carrier sheet and having a mechanically breakable bond thereto, and a low-tack pressure sensitive adhesive applied over the said indicia and overlapping onto the said carrier sheet, such that selected individual indicia may be caused bodily to adhere, by means of said adhesive, to a receiving surface, by indiciatransferring pressure applied to the rear surface of the carrier sheet in the region of the selected indicia, the cohesive strength of the adhesive, and its adhesive bond to the carrier sheet in lche overlap areas, being greater than the adhesive bond established between the adhesive and the receiving surface on application of said pressure in the areas of the indicia, the said cohesive strength and adhesive bonds being measured in a direction normal to the carrier sheet, the printing ink being formed of a cellulose derivative and a plasticizer therefor and the adhesive being a low-tack admixture of a high-tack adhesive component selected
  • a dry transfer sheet in accordance with claim 1 wherein said ink is formed of a film-forming polymer and a plasticizer therefor and wherein said adhesive is an admixture of a first aqueous emulsion formed of two parts of ethylene glycol land a fatty acid of l2 to 18 carbon atoms in 12 parts of water and 5 parts of a second emulsion made up of:
  • a dry transfer sheet which comprises a light transmitting carrier sheet, a plurality of separate indicia in printing ink printed on a front face of the said carrier sheet and a low-tack pressure sensitive adhesive applied over the said indicia and overlapping onto the said carrier sheet, such that selected individual indicia may be caused bodily to adhere, by means of said adhesive, to a receiving surface, by pressure applied to the rear surface of the carrier sheet in the region of the selected indicia sufficient to break the bond between the carrier sheet and the said indicia, the cohesive strength of the adhesive, and its adhesive bond to the carrier sheet in the overlap areas, being greater than the adhesive bond established between the adhesive and the receiving surface on application of that pressure which is sufficient to establish adhesion of said adhesive to the receiving surface in the areas of the indicia, the said cohesive strength and adhesive bonds being measured in a direction normal to the carrier sheet, and the ad-hesive being so thin and of such limited strength as to tear around the outlines of transferred indicia when
  • a dry transfer sheet which comprises a carrier sheet, an image of lmforming printing ink printed on a front face of the said carrier sheet and having a mechanically breakable bond thereto, and a low-tack pressure sensitive adhesive applied over the image overlapping onto the said carrier sheet, such that the image may be caused bodily to adlhere, by means of said adhesive, to a receiving surface, by pressure applied to the rear surface of the carrier sheet in the region of the image, the adhesive being an ad-mixture having as a first component a tacky elastomer and as a second component a tack-controlling component shielding the surface of said tacky elastomer, the c0- hesive strength of the adhesive, and its adhesive bond to the carrier sheet in the overlap areas, being greater than the adhesive bond established between the adhesive and the receiving surface on application of image-transferring pressure in the area of the image, the said cohesive strength and adhesive bonds being measured in a direction normal to the carrier sheet, the adhesive having such limited strength
  • a dry transfer sheet which comprises a light transmitting carrier sheet, a plurality of separate indicia of film-forming ink printed on a front face of the said carrier sheet and having a mechanically breakable bond thereto, and a low-tack pressure sensitive adhesive applied over the said indicia and overlapping onto the said carrier sheet, said adhesive having a low tack at pressures of substantially less than about 50 pounds per-square-inch and a substantial tack at pressures above about 50 pounds per-square-inch, such that selected individual indicia may be caused bodily to adhere by means of said adhesive, to a receiving surface, by pressure of at least 50 pounds per-square-inch applied to the rear surface of the carrier sheet in the region of the selected indicia, the adhesive being an admixture having as a first component, a tacky elastomer and as a second component a tack-controlling component shielding the surface of said tacky elastomer, the cohesive strength of the adhesive, and its adhesive

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Adhesive Tapes (AREA)
  • Decoration By Transfer Pictures (AREA)
US444321A 1962-06-22 1965-03-31 Adhesive transfers Expired - Lifetime US3212913A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

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BE619000D BE619000A (es) 1965-03-31
NL280068D NL280068A (es) 1965-03-31
FR901620A FR1326150A (fr) 1962-06-22 1962-06-22 Matières adhésives par pression
US444321A US3212913A (en) 1965-03-31 1965-03-31 Adhesive transfers

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Cited By (25)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3283886A (en) * 1965-02-19 1966-11-08 Chart Pak Inc Tape dispenser
US3298850A (en) * 1962-03-21 1967-01-17 Letraset International Ltd Dry transfer materials
US3387986A (en) * 1965-04-01 1968-06-11 Ibm Transfer medium for typing on non-receptive surfaces
US3432376A (en) * 1963-02-26 1969-03-11 Letraset International Ltd Dry transfer sheets and processes for using the same
US3519456A (en) * 1964-02-04 1970-07-07 Letraset International Ltd Transfer materials
US3635746A (en) * 1966-10-19 1972-01-18 Mac Karlan Dry transfer and method
US3924026A (en) * 1974-01-28 1975-12-02 Henry S Penfield Image preservation and transfer process
US3948701A (en) * 1971-07-20 1976-04-06 Aeg-Isolier-Und Kunststoff Gmbh Process for manufacturing base material for printed circuits
US3987225A (en) * 1974-01-16 1976-10-19 E. T. Marler Limited Dry transfer materials characterized by transfer-facilitating discontinuity in the adhesive layer thereof
US4015034A (en) * 1976-06-07 1977-03-29 Benjamin Edward Smolen Register for index marking article
US4018728A (en) * 1972-02-23 1977-04-19 Johnson Matthey & Co., Limited Printing ink
EP0005915A1 (en) * 1978-05-15 1979-12-12 Scott Machine Development Corporation Sign-making method and apparatus, character carrier sheets therefor
US4304808A (en) * 1972-02-23 1981-12-08 Johnson, Matthey & Co., Limited Printing ink
US4364184A (en) * 1977-10-04 1982-12-21 Letraset Corporation Indicia alignment device
US4517044A (en) * 1981-11-18 1985-05-14 Advanced Graphic Technology Dry transfer decal and method of manufacture
US4978007A (en) * 1989-05-10 1990-12-18 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Packaging curable materials
US5350612A (en) * 1992-08-04 1994-09-27 Beckett Corporation Wet-strength removable coupon
US5636736A (en) * 1989-05-10 1997-06-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Packaging curable materials
WO1999020466A1 (en) * 1997-10-21 1999-04-29 Northstar Print Group A peelable label, method of use of the label, and method of making the label
WO2002051649A2 (en) * 2000-12-22 2002-07-04 Lamberti Spa Decal transfer for decorating ceramic articles or glassware
US20020182384A1 (en) * 2001-05-29 2002-12-05 Ralph Rhein Dry ink transfer system
US20040200568A1 (en) * 2003-04-10 2004-10-14 Ralph Rhein Dry ink transfer system with separately-removable images
US20040200565A1 (en) * 2003-04-10 2004-10-14 Babb Susan M Strippable image including non-strippable ink
US6875497B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2005-04-05 Flexcon Company, Inc. Multilayer composite for the dry transfer of graphics to receptive substrates
US20110168040A1 (en) * 2008-08-14 2011-07-14 Pan Soo Seo Method and apparatus for transfer printing, and printed articles manufactured by same

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US1946865A (en) * 1931-01-12 1934-02-13 Kubin Frank Transfer and process of preparing and applying desings
US2254072A (en) * 1939-10-05 1941-08-26 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Printing process
US2541689A (en) * 1945-08-07 1951-02-13 Wingfoot Corp Adhesive and laminated structure
US2558803A (en) * 1946-10-28 1951-07-03 Robert C Brown Jr Transfer sheet and method
US2627486A (en) * 1949-08-15 1953-02-03 Arthur L Smith Process of applying inked indicia to a rubber balloon
US2646371A (en) * 1949-04-29 1953-07-21 Permacel Tape Corp Adhesive sheets
US3013917A (en) * 1960-06-09 1961-12-19 Karlan Mac Dry transfer sheet and method
US3043732A (en) * 1957-01-02 1962-07-10 Dennison Mfg Co Top label surprinting
US3131106A (en) * 1960-06-24 1964-04-28 Letraset International Ltd Adhesive transfers

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1946865A (en) * 1931-01-12 1934-02-13 Kubin Frank Transfer and process of preparing and applying desings
US2254072A (en) * 1939-10-05 1941-08-26 Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co Printing process
US2541689A (en) * 1945-08-07 1951-02-13 Wingfoot Corp Adhesive and laminated structure
US2558803A (en) * 1946-10-28 1951-07-03 Robert C Brown Jr Transfer sheet and method
US2646371A (en) * 1949-04-29 1953-07-21 Permacel Tape Corp Adhesive sheets
US2627486A (en) * 1949-08-15 1953-02-03 Arthur L Smith Process of applying inked indicia to a rubber balloon
US3043732A (en) * 1957-01-02 1962-07-10 Dennison Mfg Co Top label surprinting
US3013917A (en) * 1960-06-09 1961-12-19 Karlan Mac Dry transfer sheet and method
US3131106A (en) * 1960-06-24 1964-04-28 Letraset International Ltd Adhesive transfers

Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3298850A (en) * 1962-03-21 1967-01-17 Letraset International Ltd Dry transfer materials
US3432376A (en) * 1963-02-26 1969-03-11 Letraset International Ltd Dry transfer sheets and processes for using the same
US3519456A (en) * 1964-02-04 1970-07-07 Letraset International Ltd Transfer materials
US3283886A (en) * 1965-02-19 1966-11-08 Chart Pak Inc Tape dispenser
US3387986A (en) * 1965-04-01 1968-06-11 Ibm Transfer medium for typing on non-receptive surfaces
US3635746A (en) * 1966-10-19 1972-01-18 Mac Karlan Dry transfer and method
US3948701A (en) * 1971-07-20 1976-04-06 Aeg-Isolier-Und Kunststoff Gmbh Process for manufacturing base material for printed circuits
US4018728A (en) * 1972-02-23 1977-04-19 Johnson Matthey & Co., Limited Printing ink
US4304808A (en) * 1972-02-23 1981-12-08 Johnson, Matthey & Co., Limited Printing ink
US3987225A (en) * 1974-01-16 1976-10-19 E. T. Marler Limited Dry transfer materials characterized by transfer-facilitating discontinuity in the adhesive layer thereof
US3924026A (en) * 1974-01-28 1975-12-02 Henry S Penfield Image preservation and transfer process
US4015034A (en) * 1976-06-07 1977-03-29 Benjamin Edward Smolen Register for index marking article
US4364184A (en) * 1977-10-04 1982-12-21 Letraset Corporation Indicia alignment device
EP0005915A1 (en) * 1978-05-15 1979-12-12 Scott Machine Development Corporation Sign-making method and apparatus, character carrier sheets therefor
US4517044A (en) * 1981-11-18 1985-05-14 Advanced Graphic Technology Dry transfer decal and method of manufacture
US4978007A (en) * 1989-05-10 1990-12-18 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Packaging curable materials
US5172809A (en) * 1989-05-10 1992-12-22 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Packaging curable materials
US5636736A (en) * 1989-05-10 1997-06-10 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Packaging curable materials
US5350612A (en) * 1992-08-04 1994-09-27 Beckett Corporation Wet-strength removable coupon
US6709726B1 (en) 1997-10-21 2004-03-23 Northstar Print Group Peelable label
WO1999020466A1 (en) * 1997-10-21 1999-04-29 Northstar Print Group A peelable label, method of use of the label, and method of making the label
WO2002051649A2 (en) * 2000-12-22 2002-07-04 Lamberti Spa Decal transfer for decorating ceramic articles or glassware
WO2002051649A3 (en) * 2000-12-22 2003-07-24 Lamberti Spa Decal transfer for decorating ceramic articles or glassware
US20020182384A1 (en) * 2001-05-29 2002-12-05 Ralph Rhein Dry ink transfer system
WO2002096658A1 (en) 2001-05-29 2002-12-05 Color Arts, Inc. Dry ink transfer system
US6875497B2 (en) 2002-05-08 2005-04-05 Flexcon Company, Inc. Multilayer composite for the dry transfer of graphics to receptive substrates
US20040200568A1 (en) * 2003-04-10 2004-10-14 Ralph Rhein Dry ink transfer system with separately-removable images
US20040200565A1 (en) * 2003-04-10 2004-10-14 Babb Susan M Strippable image including non-strippable ink
US20110168040A1 (en) * 2008-08-14 2011-07-14 Pan Soo Seo Method and apparatus for transfer printing, and printed articles manufactured by same

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NL280068A (es) 1900-01-01
BE619000A (es) 1900-01-01

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Effective date: 19830330

Owner name: ESSELTE PENDAFLEX CORPORATION

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Effective date: 19830330