US3206311A - Stacked photosensitive elements - Google Patents

Stacked photosensitive elements Download PDF

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Publication number
US3206311A
US3206311A US108051A US10805161A US3206311A US 3206311 A US3206311 A US 3206311A US 108051 A US108051 A US 108051A US 10805161 A US10805161 A US 10805161A US 3206311 A US3206311 A US 3206311A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
contact surface
photosensitive
photosensitive elements
amide
contact
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US108051A
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English (en)
Inventor
John E Campbell
Jr John J Dennis
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Polaroid Corp
Original Assignee
Polaroid Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE617284D priority Critical patent/BE617284A/xx
Application filed by Polaroid Corp filed Critical Polaroid Corp
Priority to US108051A priority patent/US3206311A/en
Priority to GB16440/62A priority patent/GB975006A/en
Priority to FR896345A priority patent/FR1327326A/fr
Priority to DEJ21722A priority patent/DE1145920B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3206311A publication Critical patent/US3206311A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/7614—Cover layers; Backing layers; Base or auxiliary layers characterised by means for lubricating, for rendering anti-abrasive or for preventing adhesion

Definitions

  • This invention relates to photographic elements or material and more particularly to elements having low w efficients of static friction.
  • a principal object of the present invention is to provide photographic elements such as, for example, photosensitive elements having a slip layer or coating which possesses a very low friction coeflicient.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide photographic elements having a slip coating of the above type which does not adversely affect photosensitive coatings or layers when in direct and tight con-tact therewith.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide photographic elements having a slip coating comprising an organic polymeric material and one or more primary, str-aightch-ained amides having at least 8 carbon atoms.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide photographic elements having a slip coating comprising an organic polymeric material and a mixture of primary, straight-chained amides having 18 carbon atoms.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide a method of lubricating all types of photographic material or elements.
  • the invention accordingly comprises the several steps and the relation and order of one or more of such steps with respect to each of the others, and the products possessing the features, properties and the relation of elements which are exemplified in the following detailed dis-closure and the scope of the application of which will be indicated in the claims.
  • P-hotosens-itive elements present particular problems.
  • a photosensitive element in strip form is tightly wound for insertion into cassettes, magazines or the like, or a plurality of photosensitive elements of a predetermined size are tightly stacked in parallel relationship in a magazine or housing such as shown, for example, in US. Patents Nos. 2,435,- 720, 2,495,111, 2,930,299, 2,946,270, 2,978,971 and many others.
  • a photosensitive layer is in direct and intimate contact with the backing of a photosensitive element.
  • any backing coat or layer carried by a photosensitive element to be used as above must not otherwise adversely affect the photosensitive layer with which it is in contact.
  • photographic products such as photosensitive elements having on one surface thereof, e.g., the back, a thin con- "ice tinuous layer or coating comprising an organic polymeric material and at least one primary, straight-chained amide derived from a fatty acid having at least 8 carbon atoms.
  • said coating comprises a cellulose plastic such as a cellulose ester or cellulose ether and a mixture of amides containing 18 carbon atoms and, more particularly, a mixture of octadecanamide, 9-octadecenamide and 9,IZ-Octadecadienamide. It has been found that such coatings not only substantially reduce static and friction, but also do not transfer off to produce undesirable effects or cause fogging or desensitization of photosensitive layers or emulsions.
  • a photosensitive element comprising .a base or support-10, a photosensitive layer 12 carried by one surface or side of support 10, and .a backing or slip coating 14 carried by the other side of support 10.
  • the support 10 may be comprised of any of the flexible sheet materials generally used for film base, including paper, organic plastics such as cellulose esters, e.g., cellulose acetate etc., and the like.
  • cellulose esters e.g., cellulose acetate etc.
  • supp-ortfltl which is opaque to light actinic to the photosensitive layer 12 or which includes a layer, for example, slip coating 14, which is opaque to actinic light.
  • the photosensitive layer 12 may comprise any of the materials usually employed in photography including, for example, the silver halides or other photosensitive heavy metal salts capable of having a developa-ble latent image formed therein by exposure to actinic light, the ferric salts and the di-azonium compounds.
  • photosensitive layer or stratum 12 contains one or more of the silver halides, of which silver chloride, silver bromide and silver iodide are examples, dispersed on a suitable protective colloid material, for example, gelatin, agar, albumin, casein, a cellulose such as carboxymethyl cellulose, a vinyl polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol or a linear polya-mide such as polyhexamethylene adipamide. Examples of specific formulations of conventional emulsions suitable for use are described in T. T. Baker, Photographic Emulsion Technique, American Photographic Publishing Company, Boston, 1948, Chapter IV.
  • photosensitive layer such as may be utilized for the production of a black-and-white or'mon-ochromatic image
  • more than one can be employed, such as may be the case where a multichromatic image is desired.
  • color images thereby may be contained in separate layers or in one or more silver halide layers, for example, various other components such as sensitizers, couplers, dyes and the like.
  • the slip or back coating 14 comprises an organic polymeric material and at least one primary, straight-chained amide derived from a higher fatty acid.
  • the amides of the present invention and .a suitable organic film-forming polymeric material such as, for example, a cell-ulosic plastic, are preferably applied from certain solvents or media in controlled amounts to support 10 so as to form thereon a thin backing layer or coating.
  • amides which may be utilized in back coating 14 may be generically depicted by the following formula:
  • R represents a straight-chained aliphatic group containing from about 7 to 17 carbon atoms.
  • amides which may be employed in coating 14-, mention may be made of decanamide, dodecan-amide, tetradecancoating 14 may contain only .a single amide such as 9- octadecenamide or it may contain a mixture of amides such "as ioctadecanamide, 9-0ctadecenamide and 9,12- octadeoadiena'mide.
  • One preferred amide mixture of the invention comprises, by weight, about 6 percent oc-tadecanamide, about 91 percent oct-adecenamide and about 3 percent octadecadienamide.
  • Other mixtures such as those of the following approximate compositions may alsojbe utilized: (1) 3% hexadecanamide, 93% octa-decanamide and 4% 9-oct-adecenamide; (2) 22% hexadecanalmide, 75% octadecan-amide and 3% 9-octaclecenamide; and (3) 8% octanam-ide, 7% decanarnide, 49% dodecanamide, 17% tetradecanamide, 9% hexadecana'mide, 6% 9-octadecena'mide and 2% each of octadecana-mide and 9,12- octadecadienamide.
  • Coating 14 in addition to the preferred amide also contains an organic film-forming polymeric or resinous material.
  • suitable polymeric materials men- "tion may be made on the cellulosic plastics such as the cellulose ethers and esters, e.g., cellulose acetate butyrate,
  • the polymeric'material serves as a binder for the amide or amides employed sov as to prevent or substantially reduce the transfer of amide from the coating. Moreover, in instances where the support is of paper, the polymeric material prevents undesirable penetration of amide into the paper.
  • the quantity of polymeric material employed depends upon many factors such as, for example, the
  • the quantity of polymeric material may be varied considerably.
  • Coating 14 may be formed by applying to support a suitable solution or dispersion, e.g., an emulsion containing the desired polymeric material and amide or amides.
  • a suitable solution or dispersion e.g., an emulsion containing the desired polymeric material and amide or amides.
  • the amides of the present invention are soluble in acetones, esters, alcohols, and other materials and thus .may be easily applied in-solution.
  • the solvent or combination of solvents employed for dissolving the amide or amide mixture is also preferably a mutual solvent for the film-forming polymeric material utilized.
  • the frictional value of the untreated paper was 0.36,. paper treated or coated with the above composition reduced this static value to 0.11- 0.15.
  • the coefficient of friction of the photosensitive element was reduced more than 50%.
  • Example II Other satisfactory backing or slip coats for paper base photographic elements were obtained from the following compositions:
  • Ethyl cellulose "grams" 3.2 Preferred amide mixture do 1.2 Isopropyl alcohol cc 59.2 Ethyl acetate cc 36.4 Cellulose nitrate grarns 3.8 Preferred amide mixture do 1.2 Isopropyl alcohol cc 57.0 Ethyl acetate cc 36.0
  • Example III In addition to the above coating compositions, a dispersion or emulsion composition such as set forth below may also be employed.
  • an opacifying agent such as a suitable dye, e.g., red or black, or pigment such as carbon black may be added to any of the above compositions so as to obtain a coating which is opaque to light.
  • coating 14 may comprise cellulose acetate butyrate, the preferred amide mixture and carbon black.
  • concentration or quantity of the amide or amides in the coating composition may be varied considerably. When employing the preferred amide mixture, concentrations of between about A of 1 percent and about 2 percent have been found to be satisfactory. Concentrations of the preferred amide mixture on the order of about 1.0 to about 1.2 percent of the total coating composition such as illustrated in the examples provide excellent back coatings.
  • the leader of each photosensitive element is so arranged that a substantial portion thereof is in direct and tight contact with a photosensitive layer and movable thereover. It has been found that the co- ,eificient of friction therebetween can be substantially reduced and satisfactory results obtained when the contacting surface of a leader which is generally constructed of paper is provided with the slip coatings of the present invention.
  • a photographic product comprising a plurality of a photosensitive element and movable thereover, said first contact surface of ea-ch said photosensitive element being in contact with another contact surface provided by at least one of (a) the second contact surface of another of said photosensitive elements and (b) a third contact surface provided by a surface of a paper leader, one of said second and third contact surfaces having coated thereon, as a slip coat, a continuous layer comprising a mixture of (a) at least one primary, straight-chained amide containing from about 8 to 18 carbon atoms and (b) a polymer selected from the group consisting of cellulose acetate butyrate, ethyl cellulose and cellulose nitrate, said polymer substantially preventing transfer of said amide from said slip coat, and said slip coat substantially reducing the coefficient of friction between said first contact surface and said other contact surface.
  • a photographic product as defined in claim 4, wherein said mixture comprises about 6% of octadecan- 6 amide, about 91% of 9-octadecenamide and about 3% of 9,12-octadecadienamide.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Coating Of Shaped Articles Made Of Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
US108051A 1961-05-05 1961-05-05 Stacked photosensitive elements Expired - Lifetime US3206311A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE617284D BE617284A (en)) 1961-05-05
US108051A US3206311A (en) 1961-05-05 1961-05-05 Stacked photosensitive elements
GB16440/62A GB975006A (en) 1961-05-05 1962-04-30 Photosensitive element
FR896345A FR1327326A (fr) 1961-05-05 1962-05-03 Procédés photographiques et produits utilisés dans ces procédés
DEJ21722A DE1145920B (de) 1961-05-05 1962-05-04 Photographisches schichtfoermiges Material mit geringem Reibungs-koeffizienten

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US108051A US3206311A (en) 1961-05-05 1961-05-05 Stacked photosensitive elements

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3206311A true US3206311A (en) 1965-09-14

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US108051A Expired - Lifetime US3206311A (en) 1961-05-05 1961-05-05 Stacked photosensitive elements

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BE (1) BE617284A (en))
DE (1) DE1145920B (en))
GB (1) GB975006A (en))

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3433638A (en) * 1965-04-20 1969-03-18 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Photographic light-sensitive films
US3469981A (en) * 1963-03-19 1969-09-30 Keuffel & Esser Co Diazotype reproduction materials
US3617286A (en) * 1966-07-11 1971-11-02 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Photographic light-sensitive material having a back layer
US3915709A (en) * 1973-04-13 1975-10-28 Gaf Corp Backwetting coating for diazo microfilm
US4042399A (en) * 1974-07-26 1977-08-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Photographic element with improved slip
US4275146A (en) * 1978-12-13 1981-06-23 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Photographic photosensitive materials
US4622279A (en) * 1984-05-11 1986-11-11 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Light transmissible light-sensitive recording materials
US5529891A (en) * 1995-05-12 1996-06-25 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic element having improved scratch resistance
US5541048A (en) * 1995-05-12 1996-07-30 Eastman Kodak Company Lubricant particles, method of preparation, and photographic elements
EP0789268A1 (en) 1996-02-12 1997-08-13 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element comprising an electrically-conductive layer
EP0803767A1 (en) 1996-04-22 1997-10-29 Eastman Kodak Company Aqueous coating compositions useful in the preparation of auxiliary layers of imaging elements
US5723271A (en) * 1996-11-19 1998-03-03 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic elements having a process-surviving polysiloxane block copolymer backing
US5723270A (en) * 1996-11-19 1998-03-03 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic elements having a process-surviving polysiloxane block copolymer backing
US5956555A (en) * 1998-07-27 1999-09-21 Eastman Kodak Company Fusing belt having polyurethane release layer
US6117611A (en) * 1998-12-14 2000-09-12 Konica Corporation Image forming method of a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material
US6153362A (en) * 1999-05-14 2000-11-28 Eastman Kodak Company Overcoat for reticulation control in photographic elements
US6165702A (en) * 1997-06-19 2000-12-26 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element containing polymer particles and lubricant
US6197482B1 (en) 1999-05-14 2001-03-06 Eastman Kodak Company Polymer overcoat for imaging elements
US6468339B1 (en) 2001-08-23 2002-10-22 Eastman Kodak Company Alumina filled gelatin
WO2005062123A1 (en) 2003-12-24 2005-07-07 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element having improved durability

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5518894B1 (en)) * 1970-07-13 1980-05-22

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1957912A (en) * 1929-12-24 1934-05-08 Eastman Kodak Co Moisture resistant fibrous material
US2070991A (en) * 1934-05-14 1937-02-16 Shell Dev Process for the production of acid amides
US2103640A (en) * 1935-03-30 1937-12-28 Brown Co Paper manufacture
US2235516A (en) * 1938-08-05 1941-03-18 Sylvania Ind Corp Plastic sheet material and process for making the same
US2258609A (en) * 1938-09-26 1941-10-14 Du Pont Film Mfg Corp Nonhalation photographic element
US2311073A (en) * 1941-03-04 1943-02-16 Eastman Kodak Co Antihalation film
US2415631A (en) * 1945-03-30 1947-02-11 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic paper
US2432864A (en) * 1944-02-03 1947-12-16 Ilford Ltd Photographic elements bearing silver halide emulsion layer and adjacent light-insensitive colloid layer containing silver derivatives of azoles
US2588765A (en) * 1944-03-21 1952-03-11 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Lubricated photographic element containing a mixture of higher fatty alcohols and higher fatty acids
US2732305A (en) * 1950-11-07 1956-01-24 Silver hal
US2751309A (en) * 1953-04-10 1956-06-19 Eastman Kodak Co Paper for roll photographic film
US2773769A (en) * 1953-01-29 1956-12-11 Max H Goldschein Instant drying photostat
US2898805A (en) * 1956-08-17 1959-08-11 Sidney P Solow Identification leader for motion picture film
US3021229A (en) * 1960-05-26 1962-02-13 Du Pont Leader film

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1957912A (en) * 1929-12-24 1934-05-08 Eastman Kodak Co Moisture resistant fibrous material
US2070991A (en) * 1934-05-14 1937-02-16 Shell Dev Process for the production of acid amides
US2103640A (en) * 1935-03-30 1937-12-28 Brown Co Paper manufacture
US2235516A (en) * 1938-08-05 1941-03-18 Sylvania Ind Corp Plastic sheet material and process for making the same
US2258609A (en) * 1938-09-26 1941-10-14 Du Pont Film Mfg Corp Nonhalation photographic element
US2311073A (en) * 1941-03-04 1943-02-16 Eastman Kodak Co Antihalation film
US2432864A (en) * 1944-02-03 1947-12-16 Ilford Ltd Photographic elements bearing silver halide emulsion layer and adjacent light-insensitive colloid layer containing silver derivatives of azoles
US2588765A (en) * 1944-03-21 1952-03-11 Gevaert Photo Prod Nv Lubricated photographic element containing a mixture of higher fatty alcohols and higher fatty acids
US2415631A (en) * 1945-03-30 1947-02-11 Eastman Kodak Co Photographic paper
US2732305A (en) * 1950-11-07 1956-01-24 Silver hal
US2773769A (en) * 1953-01-29 1956-12-11 Max H Goldschein Instant drying photostat
US2751309A (en) * 1953-04-10 1956-06-19 Eastman Kodak Co Paper for roll photographic film
US2898805A (en) * 1956-08-17 1959-08-11 Sidney P Solow Identification leader for motion picture film
US3021229A (en) * 1960-05-26 1962-02-13 Du Pont Leader film

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3469981A (en) * 1963-03-19 1969-09-30 Keuffel & Esser Co Diazotype reproduction materials
US3433638A (en) * 1965-04-20 1969-03-18 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Photographic light-sensitive films
US3617286A (en) * 1966-07-11 1971-11-02 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Photographic light-sensitive material having a back layer
US3915709A (en) * 1973-04-13 1975-10-28 Gaf Corp Backwetting coating for diazo microfilm
US4042399A (en) * 1974-07-26 1977-08-16 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Photographic element with improved slip
US4275146A (en) * 1978-12-13 1981-06-23 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Photographic photosensitive materials
US4622279A (en) * 1984-05-11 1986-11-11 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Light transmissible light-sensitive recording materials
US5529891A (en) * 1995-05-12 1996-06-25 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic element having improved scratch resistance
US5541048A (en) * 1995-05-12 1996-07-30 Eastman Kodak Company Lubricant particles, method of preparation, and photographic elements
EP0789268A1 (en) 1996-02-12 1997-08-13 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element comprising an electrically-conductive layer
EP0803767A1 (en) 1996-04-22 1997-10-29 Eastman Kodak Company Aqueous coating compositions useful in the preparation of auxiliary layers of imaging elements
US5723271A (en) * 1996-11-19 1998-03-03 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic elements having a process-surviving polysiloxane block copolymer backing
US5723270A (en) * 1996-11-19 1998-03-03 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic elements having a process-surviving polysiloxane block copolymer backing
US6165702A (en) * 1997-06-19 2000-12-26 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element containing polymer particles and lubricant
US5956555A (en) * 1998-07-27 1999-09-21 Eastman Kodak Company Fusing belt having polyurethane release layer
US6117611A (en) * 1998-12-14 2000-09-12 Konica Corporation Image forming method of a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material
US6153362A (en) * 1999-05-14 2000-11-28 Eastman Kodak Company Overcoat for reticulation control in photographic elements
US6197482B1 (en) 1999-05-14 2001-03-06 Eastman Kodak Company Polymer overcoat for imaging elements
US6300045B2 (en) 1999-05-14 2001-10-09 Eastman Kodak Company Polymer overcoat for imaging elements
US6468339B1 (en) 2001-08-23 2002-10-22 Eastman Kodak Company Alumina filled gelatin
WO2005062123A1 (en) 2003-12-24 2005-07-07 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element having improved durability

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB975006A (en) 1964-11-11
BE617284A (en))
DE1145920B (de) 1963-03-21

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