US3202093A - Electrostatic printing - Google Patents

Electrostatic printing Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3202093A
US3202093A US257614A US25761463A US3202093A US 3202093 A US3202093 A US 3202093A US 257614 A US257614 A US 257614A US 25761463 A US25761463 A US 25761463A US 3202093 A US3202093 A US 3202093A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
screen
conductive
container
particles
carrier particles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US257614A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Clyde O Childress
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Electrostatic Printing Corp of America
Original Assignee
Electrostatic Printing Corp of America
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Electrostatic Printing Corp of America filed Critical Electrostatic Printing Corp of America
Priority to US257614A priority Critical patent/US3202093A/en
Priority to GB4644/64A priority patent/GB1024682A/en
Priority to DEE26347A priority patent/DE1274597B/de
Priority to CH149264A priority patent/CH421711A/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3202093A publication Critical patent/US3202093A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G15/00—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern
    • G03G15/06—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing
    • G03G15/08—Apparatus for electrographic processes using a charge pattern for developing using a solid developer, e.g. powder developer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M1/00—Inking and printing with a printer's forme
    • B41M1/12—Stencil printing; Silk-screen printing
    • B41M1/125—Stencil printing; Silk-screen printing using a field of force, e.g. an electrostatic field, or an electric current
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/37—Printing employing electrostatic force

Definitions

  • a potential is established between the conductive objects and the screen to set up the electric field thereacross for directing the powder particles in the pattern established by the screen apertures toward the conductive object; Printing may occur on the conductive object or upon an object interposed between the conductive object and the screen.
  • the powder particles are entered into the electric field by means of a brush which is used to brush these particles through the screen apertures defining the desired pattern.
  • a brush which is used to brush these particles through the screen apertures defining the desired pattern.
  • carrier particles are mixed with the powder particles. are larger than the screen apertures while powder particles are smaller than the screen apertures.
  • the screen has been made conductive, for the purpose of acting as one of the electrodes in establishing the electric field.
  • the reason for using the Screen is that it is a convenient mechanism for establishing a field having the desired area and because of its proximity to the opposite electrode the voltage requirement for establishing a field having the required transfer' capabilities are not as high as would occur if the electrode which establishes the field were for example, at the top of the container holding the powder particles.
  • an object of this invention is to provide an electrostatic printing process in which effects such as powder return and multiple powder passage are minimized.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide an improved electrostatic printing process Wherein the required field is established without using the screenas an elec ⁇ trode for this purpose.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is the provi-y sion of a novel arrangement for establishing an electric fieldin an electrostatic printing process.
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to pro-Y vide an electrostatic printing system in which the required field is effectuated although the screenis made s nonconductive.
  • Still another object of this invention is to provide an improved novel and useful electrostatic printing process.
  • the ⁇ screen is not made of conductive material. so that they constitute a layer over the apertured regions of the screen, and so that they literally push the adhering powder particles through the openings in the screen.
  • FIGURE l is a diagram showing the disposition in a container of a mixture of triboelectric powder and conductive powder particles; v
  • FIGURE 2 is a perspective View of an embodiment of the invention
  • FIGURE 3 is a perspective view of another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGURE 4 shows the details of a container which may be employed in the embodiment of the invention shown in FIGURE 3, and
  • FIGURE 5 is a drawing of another embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGURE 1 shows the appearance of a container il@ with one wall shown partially open, having a mixture of carrier particles 12 and powder particles M therein, the screen is at the bottom of the container.
  • a probe or an electrode which is inserted into the mixture at any location can serve to connect substantially all of the carrier particles to a source of potential.
  • the conductive carrier particles should be sized large enough not to pass through the screen aperture, while the powder particles are small enough to pass through the screen apertures. Enough of the carrier particles touch one another in the mass of the mixture to establish a conductive layer extending through the mass.
  • the carrier particles should not be so small that they fit into the screen apertures.
  • a 200 mesh screen was used for printing.
  • the conductive particles used were those which passed through a 100 mesh screen but not through a 150 mesh screen.
  • FIGURE 2 is an isometric view of an embodiment of the invention.
  • a container 2t is reciprocally actuated by any suitable reciprocal actuator 21.
  • the actuator may be a reciprocally driven solenoid or a bell crank device which is driven from a motor.
  • the container 2G has a working face 22 which is made of nonconducting material.
  • the working face includes screen apertures 22A which dene the desired printing pattern.
  • Supported in the working face 22 are contacts 24 which serve the purpose of enabling a source of potential to be connected to the contents of the container 2t).
  • These contents comprise a mixture of conductive carrier particles with the powder particles desired to be transferred through the screen apertures to the material 26 on which printing is to occur.
  • carrier particles such as 14 in FIGURE l, which are conductive.
  • These carrier particles may be made, for example, from any conductive metal such as iron, or aluminum, or any conductively coated material, such as glass spheres with a conductive coating thereon. rThe powder particles are sufcicntly small to pass through the screen apertures whereas the carrier particles are not.
  • a source of potential 23 has one terminal connected to two arresting contacts 30, 32, and the other terminal connected to the material 26 upon which printing is to occur.
  • the surfaces of the arresting contacts 30, 32, which face the container 2t? are made of conductive material. rThe container is moved until it touches the arresting contacts 30, 32. At this time a connection is made between the conductive carrier particles in the container, through the contacts 2li, through the arresting contacts 30, 32. As a result, an electric icld is established between the conductive carrier particles and the conductive material 26 whereby a powder particles which are urged through the screen apertures into the electric eld are transferred to the 'material 26.
  • the reciprocal actuator 21 moves the container 2t) rapidly until it irnpacts the contacts 30, 32, and then rapidly withdraws the container. A new conductive surface can then be substituted for the one presented by the conductive material 26.
  • FIGURE 2 An arrested impact type of Operation such as is shown in FIGURE 2 need not be employed.
  • An arrangement may be used such as shown in FiGURE 3, wherein the container 34 has a nonconducting working surface 36 with the screen apertures 36A arranged in a pattern which it is desired to print.
  • the inside of the container 3f.- is shown in FIGURE 4. it consists of a series of rods or wires 33, which are disposed in any desired pattern through the container. These rods connect to the outside of the container to at least one terminal 40. Connection is made between this one terminal and the source of potential 42 shown in FIGURE 3.
  • the container 34 holds a mixture of tribo-electric powder particles and conductive carrier particles.
  • the container walls may be made conductive and with small area printers this provides a suiiicient contact for enabling the conductive particles to act as a eld electrode.
  • the reciprocal actuator can move the container at a fairly high speed without actually interfering with the printing process. It will be understood that in accordance with the basic description of this process, if it is desired to print on materials which are not connected to the source of potential 42, then these materials may be interposed between conductive material 26 and the screeen 36 for the purpose of being printed on.
  • FIGURE 5 shows an arrangement for using conductive magnetic carrier particles to establish an electrode for elfectuating electrostatic println".
  • the container 5t holds the mixture of conductive carrier particles, which are capable of being magnetized, and the pigment powder particles which it is desired to transfer into the electric eld region.
  • the electric field region is the region between a conductive electrode 52 and the electrode established by the conductive carrier particles.
  • the surface on the container Si) is the working surface in which there are screen apertures arranged in a desired printing pattern.
  • the screen is made of nonconductive material.
  • a document or an object on which it is desired to be printed may be inserted between the electrode 52 and the working face 542-.
  • a source of potential 56 is connected between the electrode 52 and contacts 58, titi, which extend a distance into the container 5t) to make contact with the conductive carrier particles.
  • a source of potential 62 is connected oy means of a switch 6ft to an electromagnet 66, consisting of the yoke 65 and the tapped winding 70 thereon.
  • a selector switch '72 is used to sequentially connect the taps of the winding 7) to the source of potential 62.
  • the switch 64 When it is desired to print, the switch 64 is closed, whereby the left end of the electromagnet 6o provides a magnetic field which attracts the conductive magnetic particles toward the screen surface 54. These particles come in contact with the terminal S0 when they are pulled up from the bottom of the container toward the surface 54.
  • the conductive magnetic carrier particles move the powder particles through the screen apertures into the electeric cld which is established by virtue of these conductive carrier particles making contact with the terminal 6i).
  • the switch 72 is moved to successively engage the taps on the coil of thc electromagnet wherby the conductive carrier particles are successively drawn against the operating surface 54 of the container 5t) to thereby both move the powder particles into the region between the screen and the conductive plate 52 and to also establish an electric held.
  • the switch may be opened whereby the conductive carrier particles drop back into the powder mass to thereby renew the powder charge which will be used for the succeeding Writing operation.
  • the conductive carrier particles as the electrodes for electrostatic printing rather than the screen, one is enabled to make the screens out of less expensive materials than heretofore.
  • the requirement that the screen be made conductive necessitated either an expensive metal screen or one that could be coated with a conductive coating.
  • the screen therefore can now be made of much cheaper materials.
  • the cost of the apparatus is also made less.
  • an electrostatic printing system of the type having two spaced electrodes for establishing an electric eld therebetween, one of said electrodes being a screen having apertures formed in a desired pattern and having electroscopic powder particles inserted into said electric eld in said desired pattern through the apertures of said screen from a container of said powder particles adjacent said screen, the improvement comprising a plurality of conductive carrier particles mixed with said powder particles within said container, said conductive carrier particles being larger in size than the apertures in said screen and said powder particles being smaller in size than the apertures in said screen, means for urging said conductive carrier particles toward the screen for enabling them to move said powder particles through the apertures of said screen into said electric eld, and means for applying a potential between said conductive carrier particles within said container and said other spaced electrode to establish said conductive carrier particles as an electrode for forming said electric leld.
  • An electrostatic printing system comprising a hollow container having as the base thereof a substantially nonconductive screen having apertures therethrough arranged in a desired printing pattern, a conductive medium positioned spaced from said screen and adjacent one side thereof, a mixture of powder particles and conductive carrier particles within said container, the size of said powder particles being smaller than said screen apertures to pass therethrough, the size of said carrier particles being larger than said screen apertures not to pass therethrough, means for moving said container for urging said conductive carrier particles toward the other side of said screen for enabling said conductive carrier particles to push said powder particles through said screen apertures, a source of potential electrode means positioned in said container for contacting said mixture of powder particles and carrier particles, and means including said electrode means for connecting said source of potential between said conductive carrier particles and said conductive medium for establishing an electric eld therebetween to cause said powder particles to transfer to said conductive medium.
  • An electrostatic printing system comprising a hollow container having as the base thereof a relatively nonconductive screen having apertures therethrough arranged in a desired printing pattern, a relatively conductive medium positioned spaced from said screen and adjacent one side thereof, a mixture of powder particles and conductive carrier particles within said container, the size of said powder particles being smaller than said screen apertures to pass therethrough, the size of said carrier particles being larger than said screen apertures not to pass therethrough, means for moving said container for urging said conductive carrier particles toward t-he other side of said screen for enabling said conductive carrier particles to push said powder particles through said screen apertures, a source of potential, and means including a wall of said container for connecting said source of potential between said conductive carrier particles and said conductive medium for establishing an electric tield therebetween to cause said powder particles to transfer to said conductive medium.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Printing Methods (AREA)
  • Printers Or Recording Devices Using Electromagnetic And Radiation Means (AREA)
US257614A 1963-02-11 1963-02-11 Electrostatic printing Expired - Lifetime US3202093A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US257614A US3202093A (en) 1963-02-11 1963-02-11 Electrostatic printing
GB4644/64A GB1024682A (en) 1963-02-11 1964-02-04 Improvements in electrostatic printing
DEE26347A DE1274597B (de) 1963-02-11 1964-02-05 Verfahren und Einrichtung zum elektrostatischen Drucken
CH149264A CH421711A (de) 1963-02-11 1964-02-07 Einrichtung zum elektrostatischen Drucken

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US257614A US3202093A (en) 1963-02-11 1963-02-11 Electrostatic printing

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3202093A true US3202093A (en) 1965-08-24

Family

ID=22977005

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US257614A Expired - Lifetime US3202093A (en) 1963-02-11 1963-02-11 Electrostatic printing

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3202093A (de)
CH (1) CH421711A (de)
DE (1) DE1274597B (de)
GB (1) GB1024682A (de)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3285167A (en) * 1963-10-04 1966-11-15 Crocker Citizens Nat Bank Electrostatic printing system with controlled powder feed
US3299804A (en) * 1964-05-13 1967-01-24 Unimark Corp Article handling and electrostatic imprinting apparatus and method
US3299806A (en) * 1964-02-20 1967-01-24 Dainippon Ink & Chemicals Electrostatic printing apparatus with inking means between electrodes
US3302563A (en) * 1965-06-03 1967-02-07 Monsanto Co Ink feeding mechanism for electrostatic printing systems
US3302560A (en) * 1965-06-11 1967-02-07 Mousanto Company Semi-automatic electrostatic printing system having moving screen
US3306193A (en) * 1964-09-14 1967-02-28 Continental Can Co Electrostatic screen printing with magnetic conveyer and moving base electrode
US3307477A (en) * 1964-09-25 1967-03-07 Owens Illinois Inc Electrical printing using stencil and moving slot powder metering means
US3396700A (en) * 1967-08-09 1968-08-13 Xerox Corp Xerographic toner dispensing apparatus
US3470009A (en) * 1964-12-28 1969-09-30 Xerox Corp Powder cloud development of electrostatic images
US3557691A (en) * 1968-06-25 1971-01-26 Owens Illinois Inc Electrostatic stencil printing process utilizing polyester-alkyd resin powder
US3598993A (en) * 1969-03-06 1971-08-10 Agfa Ag Imaging apparatus using a magnetizable printing ink with a temperature dependent magnetic permeability
US3607342A (en) * 1966-11-29 1971-09-21 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Method of development of electrostatic images

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2874063A (en) * 1953-03-23 1959-02-17 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US2930351A (en) * 1956-09-04 1960-03-29 Rca Corp Apparatus for developing electrostatic image
US2956487A (en) * 1955-03-23 1960-10-18 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US2966429A (en) * 1956-08-31 1960-12-27 Gen Electric Method of and apparatus for making printed circuits
US3037478A (en) * 1957-10-23 1962-06-05 American Photocopy Equip Co Apparatus for developing electrophotographic sheet
US3081698A (en) * 1960-03-04 1963-03-19 Electrostatic Printing Corp Electrostatic printing system

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2874063A (en) * 1953-03-23 1959-02-17 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US2956487A (en) * 1955-03-23 1960-10-18 Rca Corp Electrostatic printing
US2966429A (en) * 1956-08-31 1960-12-27 Gen Electric Method of and apparatus for making printed circuits
US2930351A (en) * 1956-09-04 1960-03-29 Rca Corp Apparatus for developing electrostatic image
US3037478A (en) * 1957-10-23 1962-06-05 American Photocopy Equip Co Apparatus for developing electrophotographic sheet
US3081698A (en) * 1960-03-04 1963-03-19 Electrostatic Printing Corp Electrostatic printing system

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3285167A (en) * 1963-10-04 1966-11-15 Crocker Citizens Nat Bank Electrostatic printing system with controlled powder feed
US3299806A (en) * 1964-02-20 1967-01-24 Dainippon Ink & Chemicals Electrostatic printing apparatus with inking means between electrodes
US3299804A (en) * 1964-05-13 1967-01-24 Unimark Corp Article handling and electrostatic imprinting apparatus and method
US3306193A (en) * 1964-09-14 1967-02-28 Continental Can Co Electrostatic screen printing with magnetic conveyer and moving base electrode
US3307477A (en) * 1964-09-25 1967-03-07 Owens Illinois Inc Electrical printing using stencil and moving slot powder metering means
US3470009A (en) * 1964-12-28 1969-09-30 Xerox Corp Powder cloud development of electrostatic images
US3302563A (en) * 1965-06-03 1967-02-07 Monsanto Co Ink feeding mechanism for electrostatic printing systems
US3302560A (en) * 1965-06-11 1967-02-07 Mousanto Company Semi-automatic electrostatic printing system having moving screen
US3607342A (en) * 1966-11-29 1971-09-21 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Method of development of electrostatic images
US3396700A (en) * 1967-08-09 1968-08-13 Xerox Corp Xerographic toner dispensing apparatus
US3557691A (en) * 1968-06-25 1971-01-26 Owens Illinois Inc Electrostatic stencil printing process utilizing polyester-alkyd resin powder
US3598993A (en) * 1969-03-06 1971-08-10 Agfa Ag Imaging apparatus using a magnetizable printing ink with a temperature dependent magnetic permeability

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1274597B (de) 1968-08-08
GB1024682A (en) 1966-03-30
CH421711A (de) 1966-09-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2777745A (en) Electrostatic recording apparatus
US3202093A (en) Electrostatic printing
US3306193A (en) Electrostatic screen printing with magnetic conveyer and moving base electrode
US3081698A (en) Electrostatic printing system
DE69231341T2 (de) Bilderzeugungsgerät
US3052213A (en) Electrostatic printer apparatus for printing with liquid ink
US3675096A (en) Non air-polluting corona discharge devices
JPH0630901B2 (ja) 電荷潜像パターンを生成する方法およびこの方法を実施するための装置
US3043685A (en) Xerographic and magnetic image recording and reproducing
US2919170A (en) Means for electrostatically recording signals
GB721946A (en) Method and apparatus for reproduction of pictorial records
US3220833A (en) Electrostatic printing method
GB1069269A (en) Electrostatic printing system
US3550153A (en) High speed non-impact printing
US2584695A (en) Electrostatic reproduction process and apparatus
US3234904A (en) Device for tesiprinting
US4357618A (en) Electrostatic imaging apparatus
US3182591A (en) Image forming apparatus and method
US3266046A (en) Electrostatic printer
US3659311A (en) Magnetic powder scavenging arrangement
US2890923A (en) Apparatus for reproducing electrical information
US2996575A (en) Apparatus for magnetic printing
US3296963A (en) Electrostatic screen printing of articles made of highly insulating materials
US3487775A (en) Imaging system
US3689933A (en) Apparatus employed in electrostatic printing