US3201330A - Process of forming a carbon article from furfural alcohol and carbon particles - Google Patents
Process of forming a carbon article from furfural alcohol and carbon particles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3201330A US3201330A US776712A US77671258A US3201330A US 3201330 A US3201330 A US 3201330A US 776712 A US776712 A US 776712A US 77671258 A US77671258 A US 77671258A US 3201330 A US3201330 A US 3201330A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- carbon
- mixture
- article
- binder
- forming
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 34
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 30
- XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfuryl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CO1 XPFVYQJUAUNWIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 25
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000379 polymerizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012260 resinous material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011295 pitch Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000006229 carbon black Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010000 carbonizing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011294 coal tar pitch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011365 complex material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002240 furans Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006253 pitch coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002685 polymerization catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003039 volatile agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F9/00—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments
- D01F9/08—Artificial filaments or the like of other substances; Manufacture thereof; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture of carbon filaments of inorganic material
- D01F9/12—Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/515—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics
- C04B35/52—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite
- C04B35/528—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components
- C04B35/532—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products based on non-oxide ceramics based on carbon, e.g. graphite obtained from carbonaceous particles with or without other non-organic components containing a carbonisable binder
Definitions
- This invention relates toa process ,of manufacturing carbon articles.
- carbon used herein extends to the variousforms of the material, es-
- coal tar pitch has been commonly employed as a binder with afiller of carbon or coke particles, e.g. pitch coke and petroleum coke, these constituents forming a mixture which is subsequently processed to form solid material and shaped articles.
- the present invention is concerned with the use of a novel binder in a process of making carbon articles, in which process, according to the invention, a liquid is employed as the sole binder for the particles of carbon and/ or other filler material, which liquid consists essentially of furfuryl alcohol or mixtures thereof with furturaldehyde in proportions depending on the desired properties of the article.
- Resinification and hardening of the binder may be effected by heat and/or admixture therewith of a known hardening agent such as, in the case of furane derivatives, small quantities of a mineral acid in accordance with the desired rate of reaction.
- a known hardening agent such as, in the case of furane derivatives, small quantities of a mineral acid in accordance with the desired rate of reaction.
- the proportions of filler and binder may be varied in accordance with the desired nature of the article.
- the mixture may comprise a relatively small proporr tion of binder, say up to 20% 'by weight, the mixture being cast or extruded to form the article and then heat treated in non-oxidizing conditions to convert the binder to carbon.
- the heat treatment may be performed in two stages the first being a baking treatment to a temperature in the range 400-800 C. and the second being a graphitizing treatment at a temperature in the range 2000 to 3000 C.
- the invention also includes the manufacture of shaped articles of carbon by making a mixture of the liquid binder and particles of carbon and/or other filler material, and forming the article by an extrusion process with or without heat as required. The extruded article may then be baked and graphitized as desired.
- a particular advantage of the use of the novel binder materials of this invention is that mixtures thereof with carbon particles may be easily extruded at comparatively low temperatures and pressures, and thereupon converted into carbon articles comprising an infusible binder material by resinification of the binder.
- an extrusion process employing a die having a 2% inch diameter
- Example I An intimate mixture was made of 2 parts by weight of ground reactor graphite powder containing substantially no particles greater thanv mesh (British Standard Test Sieve) and 1 part of medium grade, thermal carbon black, of average particlesize 0.3 micron. .To parts of this mixture was added 20 parts of liquid furfuryl alcohol containing 0.3% by volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid as catalyst added immediately prior to the addition of the alcohol to the carbon mixture. After thorough mixing, at room temperature, with cooling if necessary, the mix was extruded at room temperature through a cooled circular die of 2% inches diameter, which required a maximum force of only 55 tons. The extruded mass was received by a supporting tube and heated therein to 150 C. to complete resinification of the furfuryl alcohol.
- Example 11 An intimate mixture was made of 3 parts of electrographite powder containing substantially no particles greater than 60 mesh and 2 parts of the same carbon black as used in Example I. To 82 parts of this mixture was added 18 parts of liquid furfuryl alcohol containing 0.3% of concentrated hydrochloric acid as catalyst, as in Example I. After thorough mixing, the mix was extruded, as in Example I except that a maximum pressure of 85 tons was required. After curing and baking as in Example I, the carbon articles produced had an average density of 1.715 gm./cc. and a Darcy permeability in the radial direction of 2 10- sq. cm. After graphitizing as in Example I, the articles had an average 3 density of 1.83 gm./cc. and a Darcy permeability of 7x10- sq. cm.
- the invention also includes a combination of, firstly, a process as hereinbefore described with, subsequently,
- the invention may be applied to the solution of problems arising in atomic energy power plant, in one instance to the production of substantially impermeable carbon articles, and in another to the production of substantially impermeable fuel elements comprising carbon and a fissionable material such as a metal or carbide, the fuel element being formed by a process according to the insentially of furfuryl alcohol and being polymerizable to yield a thermosetting resinous material, and which gives a high yield of dense relatively low permeability carbon on decomposition by heat, extruding the formed mixture at room temperature and at an extrusion pressure of from about 8 to about 17 tons per square inch and without the introduction of non-carbonizable material, polymerizing the binder material in said mixture, and heating said mixture to carbonize the binder material.
- a process of manufacturing a carbon article having high density and low permeability comprising the steps of forming at room temperature a mixture of carbon particles and a binder material consisting essentially of carbon particles and up to about 20% by weight of a binder material consisting of furfuryl alcohol and an acid polymerization catalyst therefore, extruding said mixture at room temperature and at an extrusion pressure of from about 8 to about 17 tons per square inch without the introduction of non-carbonizable materials, heating said mixture to polymerize the furfuryl alcohol, and further heating said mixture to carbonize said binder material.
- a process as claimed in claim 5 in polymerization is effected by heating the extruded article to a temperature of about C. in air until resinification of the binder occurs.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Description
pecially graphite.
the finished artcile.
United States Patent PROCESS OF FORMING A CARBON ARTICLE FROM FURFURAL ALCOHOL AND CARBON PARTICLES Michael Stuart Thomas Price, Wantage, England, assignor to United Kingdom Atomic'Energy Authority, London, England No Drawing. Filed Nov. 28, 1958, Ser. No. 776,712 Claims priority, application Great Britain, Nov. 17, 1958,
,960/58 8 Claims. (Cl. 202-26) This invention relates toa process ,of manufacturing carbon articles.
It is to be understood that the term carbon used herein extends to the variousforms of the material, es-
In the known processes of manufacture of carbon articles, coal tar pitch has been commonly employed as a binder with afiller of carbon or coke particles, e.g. pitch coke and petroleum coke, these constituents forming a mixture which is subsequently processed to form solid material and shaped articles.
Although careful control of the quality and properties of the binder and filler has permitted the production of carbon articles havinga wide range of physical proper-.
ties, the process has been relatively expensive because of the difiiculty in predicting the effect that the characteristics of a complex material such as pitch will have on One characteristic of pitch is that on heating it goes through a liquid stage in which volatiles are given ofi and on further heating slowly turns to a viscous liquid and then to a highly porous solid, and
consequently carbon articles made from pitch tend to sufier from similar porosity.
The present invention is concerned with the use of a novel binder in a process of making carbon articles, in which process, according to the invention, a liquid is employed as the sole binder for the particles of carbon and/ or other filler material, which liquid consists essentially of furfuryl alcohol or mixtures thereof with furturaldehyde in proportions depending on the desired properties of the article.
Resinification and hardening of the binder may be effected by heat and/or admixture therewith of a known hardening agent such as, in the case of furane derivatives, small quantities of a mineral acid in accordance with the desired rate of reaction. The proportions of filler and binder may be varied in accordance with the desired nature of the article.
The mixture may comprise a relatively small proporr tion of binder, say up to 20% 'by weight, the mixture being cast or extruded to form the article and then heat treated in non-oxidizing conditions to convert the binder to carbon. The heat treatment may be performed in two stages the first being a baking treatment to a temperature in the range 400-800 C. and the second being a graphitizing treatment at a temperature in the range 2000 to 3000 C.
The invention also includes the manufacture of shaped articles of carbon by making a mixture of the liquid binder and particles of carbon and/or other filler material, and forming the article by an extrusion process with or without heat as required. The extruded article may then be baked and graphitized as desired.
A particular advantage of the use of the novel binder materials of this invention is that mixtures thereof with carbon particles may be easily extruded at comparatively low temperatures and pressures, and thereupon converted into carbon articles comprising an infusible binder material by resinification of the binder. In an extrusion process employing a die having a 2% inch diameter,
3,201,330 Patented Aug. 17, 1965 conventional mixtures of carbon particles and coal tar pitch require temperatures of about 150 C. and total extrusion forces in the range of 300 to 2000 tons. By using the liquid binders of this invention, extrusion through the same diameter die may be carried out at room temperature and with total extrusion forces in the range of only to 100 tons. For similar extrusion diameters, the extrusion pressure required may be reduced by a factor of about 10. As the pressure is exerted over a die having a 2% inch diameter, this lower range may be expressed as from about 8 to 17 tons per square inch.
This reduction in extrusion pressure enables the use of continuous screw extrusion presses for the extrusion of mixtures comprising the novel binders. It is believed that this is the first practical realization of a continuous process for the extrusion ofcarbon ar-ticles,-without the introduction of non-carbonizable materials such as water.
Carbon articles produced by the extrusion process of this invention heated to a baking temperature, e.g. 800 C., have a high apparent density, i.e. in the region of 1.7 gm./-cc. and after graphitizing, e.g. at 2700 C., have a density in the region of 1.8 gm./cc. The permeability to gases of graphite produced thereby'is extremelylow, the Darcy permeability being of the order of 10- sq. cm. or less, compared with 10 to 10 sq. cm. for the least permeable graphites produced from conventional pitch-bonded mixtures.
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
Example I An intimate mixture was made of 2 parts by weight of ground reactor graphite powder containing substantially no particles greater thanv mesh (British Standard Test Sieve) and 1 part of medium grade, thermal carbon black, of average particlesize 0.3 micron. .To parts of this mixture was added 20 parts of liquid furfuryl alcohol containing 0.3% by volume of concentrated hydrochloric acid as catalyst added immediately prior to the addition of the alcohol to the carbon mixture. After thorough mixing, at room temperature, with cooling if necessary, the mix was extruded at room temperature through a cooled circular die of 2% inches diameter, which required a maximum force of only 55 tons. The extruded mass was received by a supporting tube and heated therein to 150 C. to complete resinification of the furfuryl alcohol. After cooling air to room temperature, the rigid mass was removed from the tube, cut into Example 11 An intimate mixture was made of 3 parts of electrographite powder containing substantially no particles greater than 60 mesh and 2 parts of the same carbon black as used in Example I. To 82 parts of this mixture was added 18 parts of liquid furfuryl alcohol containing 0.3% of concentrated hydrochloric acid as catalyst, as in Example I. After thorough mixing, the mix was extruded, as in Example I except that a maximum pressure of 85 tons was required. After curing and baking as in Example I, the carbon articles produced had an average density of 1.715 gm./cc. and a Darcy permeability in the radial direction of 2 10- sq. cm. After graphitizing as in Example I, the articles had an average 3 density of 1.83 gm./cc. and a Darcy permeability of 7x10- sq. cm.
The invention also includes a combination of, firstly, a process as hereinbefore described with, subsequently,
a process as described in British patent application No,
37,106/57 (U.S.A. Serial No. 777,682) whereby the impermeability of the articles of the first process is further improved by impregnation with a carbonizable liquid impregnant as in the subsequent process.
The invention may be applied to the solution of problems arising in atomic energy power plant, in one instance to the production of substantially impermeable carbon articles, and in another to the production of substantially impermeable fuel elements comprising carbon and a fissionable material such as a metal or carbide, the fuel element being formed by a process according to the insentially of furfuryl alcohol and being polymerizable to yield a thermosetting resinous material, and which gives a high yield of dense relatively low permeability carbon on decomposition by heat, extruding the formed mixture at room temperature and at an extrusion pressure of from about 8 to about 17 tons per square inch and without the introduction of non-carbonizable material, polymerizing the binder material in said mixture, and heating said mixture to carbonize the binder material.
2. A process as claimed in claim 1, in which polymerization is effected by heating the extruded article to a temperature of about 150 C. in air until resinification of the binder occurs.
3. A process as claimed in claim 2 in which carbonizing is effected by heating the article in non-oxidizing conditions at a rate of increase of about 60 C. per hour to a temperature of about 800 C. and subsequently heating it in non-oxidizing conditions at a temperature in the range 20003000 C.
4. A process as claimed in claim 1 in which the mixture is heated during the extrusion process to partially polymerize the binder.
5. A process of manufacturing a carbon article having high density and low permeability comprising the steps of forming at room temperature a mixture of carbon particles and a binder material consisting essentially of carbon particles and up to about 20% by weight of a binder material consisting of furfuryl alcohol and an acid polymerization catalyst therefore, extruding said mixture at room temperature and at an extrusion pressure of from about 8 to about 17 tons per square inch without the introduction of non-carbonizable materials, heating said mixture to polymerize the furfuryl alcohol, and further heating said mixture to carbonize said binder material.
6. A process as claimed in claim 5 in polymerization is effected by heating the extruded article to a temperature of about C. in air until resinification of the binder occurs.
7. A process as claimed in claim 6 in which carbonizing is effected by heating the article in non-oxidizing conditions at a rate of increase of about 6 C. per hour to a temperature of about 800 C. and subsequently heating it in non-oxidizing conditions at a temperature in the range 2000-3000 C.
8. A process as claimed in claim 5 in which the mixture is heated during the extrusion process to partially polymerize the binder.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,729,343 9/29 Haas 106-56 X 1,966,553 7/34 Kropp 44-21 X 2,270,199 1/42 Thruue 10656 X 2,614,947 10/52 Heuroth 23209.2 X 2,837,412 6/58 Bennett 23--209.1
FOREIGN PATENTS 789,663 1/ 58 Great Britain.
NORMAN YUDKOFF, Primary Examiner.
RICHARD D. NEVIUS, MILTON STERNMAN,
Examiners.
Claims (1)
1. A PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING A CARBON ARTICLE HAVING HIGH DENSITY AND LOW PERMEABILITY COMPRISING THE STEPS OF FORMING A MIXTURE OF CARBON PARTICLES AND UP TO ABOUT 20% BY WEIGHT OF A LIQUID BINDER MATERIAL CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF FURFURYL ALCOHOL AND BEING POLYMERIZABLE TO YIELD A THERMOSETTING RESINOUS MATERIAL, AND WHICH GIVES A HIGH YIELD OF DENSE RELATIVELY LOW PERMEABILITY CARBON ON DECOMPOSITION BY HEAT, EXTRUDING THE FORMED MIXTURE AT ROOM TEMPERATURE AND AT AN EXTRUSION PRESSURE OF FROM ABOUT 8 TO 17 TONS PER SQUARE INCH AND WITHOUT THE INTRODUCTION OF NON-CARBONIZABLE MATERIAL, POLYMERIZING THE BINDER MATERIAL IN SAID MIXTURE, AND HEATNG SAID MIXTURE TO CARBONIZE THE BINDER MATERIAL.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB3696058 | 1958-11-17 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3201330A true US3201330A (en) | 1965-08-17 |
Family
ID=10392591
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US776712A Expired - Lifetime US3201330A (en) | 1958-11-17 | 1958-11-28 | Process of forming a carbon article from furfural alcohol and carbon particles |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3201330A (en) |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3291872A (en) * | 1964-07-20 | 1966-12-13 | Quaker Oats Co | Method for cold molding pitch bonded shaped carbon bodies |
| US3468737A (en) * | 1966-03-09 | 1969-09-23 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Method for connecting anodes |
| US3496256A (en) * | 1967-02-14 | 1970-02-17 | Basic Inc | Refractory article and method utilizing prepolymerized furfuryl alcohol as a binder |
| US3501619A (en) * | 1965-07-15 | 1970-03-17 | Texas Instruments Inc | Self-regulating thermal apparatus |
| US3531248A (en) * | 1968-04-03 | 1970-09-29 | Atomic Energy Commission | Forming graphitic material from furfuryl alcohol catalyzed with zirconyl nitrate |
| US4115528A (en) * | 1977-08-15 | 1978-09-19 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for fabricating a carbon electrode substrate |
| US4221773A (en) * | 1977-12-23 | 1980-09-09 | Pioneer Electronic Corporation | Method of producing a carbon diaphragm for an acoustic instrument |
| US5215690A (en) * | 1990-12-24 | 1993-06-01 | Corning Incorporated | Method of making activated carbon and graphite structures |
| US5306675A (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 1994-04-26 | Corning Incorporated | Method of producing crack-free activated carbon structures |
| US6093232A (en) * | 1999-03-09 | 2000-07-25 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Iron-carbon compacts and process for making them |
| US20040202896A1 (en) * | 2002-03-19 | 2004-10-14 | Gray Paul E. | Melt-infiltrated pitch-pan preforms |
| US20110135908A1 (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2011-06-09 | Chong Chen | High Porosity/Low Permeability Graphite Bodies And Process For the Production Thereof |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1729343A (en) * | 1929-09-24 | Assiqnob | ||
| US1966553A (en) * | 1932-10-20 | 1934-07-17 | Ohio Carbon Company | Absorbent briquette |
| US2270199A (en) * | 1940-01-05 | 1942-01-13 | Dow Chemical Co | Graphite article |
| US2614947A (en) * | 1948-11-03 | 1952-10-21 | Carborundum Co | Refractory articles and method of making |
| GB789663A (en) * | 1952-01-25 | 1958-01-29 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Improvements in or relating to production of denser graphite |
| US2837412A (en) * | 1956-12-18 | 1958-06-03 | George A Bennett | Preparation of impervious graphite by liquid phase impregnation |
-
1958
- 1958-11-28 US US776712A patent/US3201330A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1729343A (en) * | 1929-09-24 | Assiqnob | ||
| US1966553A (en) * | 1932-10-20 | 1934-07-17 | Ohio Carbon Company | Absorbent briquette |
| US2270199A (en) * | 1940-01-05 | 1942-01-13 | Dow Chemical Co | Graphite article |
| US2614947A (en) * | 1948-11-03 | 1952-10-21 | Carborundum Co | Refractory articles and method of making |
| GB789663A (en) * | 1952-01-25 | 1958-01-29 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Improvements in or relating to production of denser graphite |
| US2837412A (en) * | 1956-12-18 | 1958-06-03 | George A Bennett | Preparation of impervious graphite by liquid phase impregnation |
Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3291872A (en) * | 1964-07-20 | 1966-12-13 | Quaker Oats Co | Method for cold molding pitch bonded shaped carbon bodies |
| US3501619A (en) * | 1965-07-15 | 1970-03-17 | Texas Instruments Inc | Self-regulating thermal apparatus |
| US3468737A (en) * | 1966-03-09 | 1969-09-23 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | Method for connecting anodes |
| DE1558744B2 (en) * | 1966-03-09 | 1972-04-27 | Kaiser Aluminium Chem Corp | PROCESS FOR PRODUCING A SOLID AND ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE CONNECTION BETWEEN A METALLIC CONDUCTOR AND A CARBON ANODE FOR ALUMINUM REDUCTION CELLS |
| US3496256A (en) * | 1967-02-14 | 1970-02-17 | Basic Inc | Refractory article and method utilizing prepolymerized furfuryl alcohol as a binder |
| US3531248A (en) * | 1968-04-03 | 1970-09-29 | Atomic Energy Commission | Forming graphitic material from furfuryl alcohol catalyzed with zirconyl nitrate |
| US4115528A (en) * | 1977-08-15 | 1978-09-19 | United Technologies Corporation | Method for fabricating a carbon electrode substrate |
| US4221773A (en) * | 1977-12-23 | 1980-09-09 | Pioneer Electronic Corporation | Method of producing a carbon diaphragm for an acoustic instrument |
| US5215690A (en) * | 1990-12-24 | 1993-06-01 | Corning Incorporated | Method of making activated carbon and graphite structures |
| US5306675A (en) * | 1992-10-28 | 1994-04-26 | Corning Incorporated | Method of producing crack-free activated carbon structures |
| US6093232A (en) * | 1999-03-09 | 2000-07-25 | The Regents Of The University Of California | Iron-carbon compacts and process for making them |
| US20040202896A1 (en) * | 2002-03-19 | 2004-10-14 | Gray Paul E. | Melt-infiltrated pitch-pan preforms |
| US7067077B2 (en) * | 2002-03-19 | 2006-06-27 | Honeywell International Inc. | Process for manufacturing friction material suitable for use as brake lining |
| US20110135908A1 (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2011-06-09 | Chong Chen | High Porosity/Low Permeability Graphite Bodies And Process For the Production Thereof |
| WO2011071983A1 (en) * | 2009-12-08 | 2011-06-16 | Graftech International Holdings Inc. | High porosity/low permeability graphite bodies and process for the production thereof |
| US8721939B2 (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2014-05-13 | Graftech International Holdings Inc. | High porosity/low permeability graphite bodies and process for the production thereof |
| US9546113B2 (en) | 2009-12-08 | 2017-01-17 | GrafTech INternational Holding Inc. | High porosity/low permeability graphite bodies and process for the production thereof |
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