US3199714A - Thermal insulation - Google Patents

Thermal insulation Download PDF

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Publication number
US3199714A
US3199714A US211176A US21117662A US3199714A US 3199714 A US3199714 A US 3199714A US 211176 A US211176 A US 211176A US 21117662 A US21117662 A US 21117662A US 3199714 A US3199714 A US 3199714A
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United States
Prior art keywords
insulation
fibers
microns
glass
composite
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Expired - Lifetime
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US211176A
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English (en)
Inventor
Warren J Bodendorf
David I-J Wang
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Union Carbide Corp
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Union Carbide Corp
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE635030D priority Critical patent/BE635030A/xx
Priority to NL294734D priority patent/NL294734A/xx
Priority to US211176A priority patent/US3199714A/en
Application filed by Union Carbide Corp filed Critical Union Carbide Corp
Priority to US211229A priority patent/US3199715A/en
Priority to GB27506/63A priority patent/GB1059351A/en
Priority to AT559963A priority patent/AT278726B/de
Priority to FR941657A priority patent/FR1370771A/fr
Priority to LU44079D priority patent/LU44079A1/xx
Priority to DE19631400921 priority patent/DE1400921B2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3199714A publication Critical patent/US3199714A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/08—Means for preventing radiation, e.g. with metal foil
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L59/00—Thermal insulation in general
    • F16L59/06—Arrangements using an air layer or vacuum
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/001—Thermal insulation specially adapted for cryogenic vessels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C3/00—Vessels not under pressure
    • F17C3/02—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation
    • F17C3/08—Vessels not under pressure with provision for thermal insulation by vacuum spaces, e.g. Dewar flask
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
    • C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
    • C04B2111/00612—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 as one or more layers of a layered structure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0345—Fibres
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0304—Thermal insulations by solid means
    • F17C2203/0345—Fibres
    • F17C2203/035—Glass wool
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/03—Thermal insulations
    • F17C2203/0391—Thermal insulations by vacuum
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
    • Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete

Definitions

  • a third problem encountered with alternate-layer foil and fiber insulations is spiral conduction. This problem is most apt to appear in small diameter cylinders insulated with only a few spiral layers of material. The total length of the spirally wound foil from the warm outermost layer to the cold inner layer is relatively short in such cases, and the heat conduction by the highly conductive metallic foil can become a signiiicant factor.
  • the use of opacified powders to any extent in the insulation system is a less-than-ideal solution to the problem.
  • the low-conductive component must be of extreme iineness and such materials yare usually quite expensive.
  • the powder mixture must also be prepared in the dry state, and it is diiiicult and expensive to obtain complete homogeneity in the preparation.
  • the extremely tine metallic particles are also subject to oxidation, which is highly detrimental to satisfactory performance of opaciiied powder materials. in general, powders are more vdiiiicult to evacuate than are fiber materials, due at least in part to the very high adsorptive power of the l'lne powders.
  • Another object is to provide such an improved composite multi-layered insulation system in which heat transfer is reduced in a direction parallel to the layers.
  • Still another object is to provide an improved composite multi-layered insulation in which heat transfer by spiral conduction is reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is an isometric view of a composite insulating material embodiment of the invention shown in a fiattened position with parts broken away to expose underlying layers.
  • FIG. 2 is an elevation view taken in cross-section of a double-walled liquefied gas container employing the insulation of FIG. 1.
  • a composite multilayered insulation for use in a vacuum space between warm and cold boundaries.
  • the insulation comprises permanently precompacted low-conductive layers of 10 fibers having diameters less than about 20 microns for reducing heat transfer by conduction, being oriented substantially perpendicular to the direction of heat inleak across the vacuum space.
  • Finely-divided radiant heat reiiecting bodies of sizes less than about 500 microns are incorporated in and uniformly dispersed through the fibers composing the permanently precompacted layers o in an amount between about and 60% byrweight of the composite.
  • a binder is provided for cementing the heat reflecting bodies to the fibers. Less than about 10% by weight reflecting bodies does not achieve a significant opacifying effect whereas greater than 60% refiecting bodies produces bridging of such bodies through and along the composite surface. The latter results in a solid conductive path.
  • vacuum is intended to apply to sub-atmospheric absolute pressure conditions not substantially greater than 500 microns of mercury, and preferably below 100 micronsof mercury.
  • the pressure should preferably be below microns of mercury.
  • the reiiecting body-containing permanently precompacted composite may, for example, be formed on standard paper-making machines in the following manner, using a binder such as colloidal silica.
  • a binder such as colloidal silica.
  • the latter is preferably provided in the form of a colloidal silica aqueous sol, or alternatively as the hydrolyzed form of a compound such as tetraethylsilicate.
  • the cornposite fibers and the reflecting bodies are thoroughly admixed in the desired proportions to form a defibered, substantially homogeneous aqueous dispersion in a papermill beater or mixing device.
  • the binder i.e.
  • colloidal silica is also preferably added to the dispersion in quantities of about 2 to 20% by weight of the fiber-reflecting body mixture.
  • the binder preferably comprises about 10 to 20% by weight of the composite sheet, while '2 to 10% by weight is preferred when organic binders are used.
  • the pH of the headbox dispersion is preferably maintained in the range of about 2.7-6.
  • the pH is preferably maintained in the range of about 2.8-4.
  • Ceramic fibers preferably utilize a pH of about 4-6.
  • the pH of the dispersion should also be maintained in the same ranges. The adjustment of the pH can be readily attained by the addition of acids suchras sulfuric.
  • the dispersion containing the defibered material, the reflecting bodies, the binder and the cationic agent is deposited upon the wire of the paper-making machine to form the reflecting body-containing composite, then compacted by, for example, compression rolls or by vacuum and finally dried in accordance with conventional practice in the art.
  • organic binders may be used separately or in combination with inorganics in the preparation of reflective body-containing composite.
  • organic binders such as colloidal silica
  • organic binders may be used separately or in combination with inorganics in the preparation of reflective body-containing composite.
  • These include polyvinylidene chloride, polyvinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulosic compounds such ⁇ as carana gum or guar gum, acrylic resins as methylmethacrylate, formaldehyde resins and epoxy resins (in lthe emulsified form).
  • Certain silicones such as the phenyl methyl compounds are also suitable.
  • the fibers are dispersed in an acid medium as previously described, but the dispersion may be neutralized or even made basic prior to ⁇ introduction of the binder.
  • a suitable medium for raising the pH of the dispersion is ammonium hydroxide, the residual ammonia being driven off during the sheet drying step.
  • the fibers may, for example, be formed of glass, ceramic, quartz, or potassium titanate, depending on the temperatures to which the composite multi-layered iusulation will be exposed. For example, at temperatures below about 900 F. glass fibers are preferred but at higher temperatures glass tends to soften and the other enumerated materials are more suitable. When glass fibers are used they are preferably of less than 5 microns diameter, while a fiber diameter range of 0.2 to 3.8 microns gives best results. The above range represents a preferred balance between increasing frailness and cost of relatively small diameter fibers, and increased conductance and gas pressure sensitivity of relatively large diameter fibers. Glass fibers having diameters in the range of 0.2 to 0.5 micron such as those commercially designated as 104 or AAAA fiber, and fibers designated as 106 or AAA fiber having diameters in the range of 0.5 to 0.75 micron are normally available as papers, and
  • Glass fibers as large as those designated class B fibers having diameters between 2.5 and 3.8 microns can also be employed satisfactorily with an appropriate binder.
  • Certain organic compositions may be used as the low conductive fibrous sheet material of the present invention, as for example the viscose material known commercially as rayon, the polyamide known as nylon, the condensation product of dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol which is known commercially as Daeron, the vinyl chloride-acrylonitrile copolymer known as Dynel, and cotton.
  • the finely-divided radiant heat reiiecting bodies may, for example, be formed of aluminum, copper, nickel and molybdenum. Again the selection of the reflecting body is infiuenced by the operating temperature of the insulating composite.
  • Aluminum is stable at temperatures below about 900 F., and is preferred in this range. Copper is a practical alternative to aluminum at below 900 F., and is the preferred refiecting body at temperatures between 900 F. and about 1,730 F., its melting point being 1,98l F. The 1,730 F.
  • the radiant heat refleeting bodies are relatively small, with particle sizes of less than 50 microns as the major dimension.
  • Aluminum and copper paint pigment fiakes of less than 0.5 micron thickness are especially suitable for relatively low-temperature systems.
  • Any lubricant used for grinding the flakes to the desired size is preferably removed prior to admixing with fibers and binder.
  • one commercially available aluminum flake is a polished, low-residual-grease powder with a 98% passage through a 325 mesh screen (44 microns). An electron microscopic particle size determination of this powder indicates the majority of particles are between 2 and 14 microns size.
  • EXAMPLE ONE In this example, 78 pounds oi AAA glass tiber (diameter 'of 0.5 to 0.75 micron and length predominantly about 1,4,2-1/1 inch) was added to a papermill beater or mixing device, Aalong with 12.5 pounds of A glass ber (diameter of 1.5 to 2.5 microns and same length as AAA fiber). One quart or" commercial hydrochloric acid and 1200 gallons of water were also added to the beater, resulting in a pH of approximately 3.0. This mixture was initially debered in the beater for ten minutes with the roll of the beater raised off from the bed plate and then lightly brushed to separate the fibers for ten minutes.
  • a solution of cationic agent was prepared by mixing 15 pounds of cationic starch (Cato 8, National Starch and Chemical Corporation) in gallons of cold water, heating the mixture to 190 F., agitating for fteen minutes, and thereafter diluting with water to a total volume of 60 gallons.
  • the glass fibers, aluminum fialres, and colloidal silica deposited almost immediately upon the wire along with a portion of the cationic agent to form a paper which was removed from the Foudrinier wire and dried in accordance with conventional practice.
  • the base sheet thus formed contained about 30% by weight aluminum at a thickness of 3.2 mils.
  • the tensile strength was 856 grams in the machine direction and 325 grams in the cross direction.
  • the density was 0.315 gram per cubic centimeter and the porosity was 5.7 cu. ft. per minute on a 0.4 inch diameter circle using the Frazier Pernometer.
  • the wet tensile strength was 250 grams in the machine direction and 90 grams in the cross direction.
  • EXAMPLE TlVO The sheet in this instance utilized ceramic fibers and by weight copper alres.
  • the resultant slurry was admixed and fed into lthe headbox at a consistency of about 0.25 percent.
  • the cationic starch solution was added at the same rate as in Example One and hydrochloric acid was metered in to maintain the pH at about 4.5-5.0.
  • the dried 45 percent copper flake-containing paper had a thickness of 12.4 mils.
  • the tensile strength was 1775 grams in the machine direction and 1069 grams in the cross direction.
  • the density was 0.359 gram per cubic centimeter, and the porosity 19.3 cu. ft. per minute on the Frazier Pernometer.
  • the wet strength was 494 6 grams in the machine direction and 319 grams in the cross direction.
  • the composite insulation includes low-conductive iibrous sheet material layers 2 of permanently precompacted material containing finely-divided radiant heat reflecting bodies 3 having metallic surfaces uniformly dispersed through the iibers 4 comprising the composite layers.
  • An inorganic or organic binder (not shown) cements the heat reiiecting bodies 3 to the fibers 4.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a double-walled liqueied gas container 1t) comprising inner vessel 11 and outer casing 12 arranged and constructed with evacuable space 13 therebetween.
  • Space 13 is filled with the composite insulation 14 of FIG. l, for example, spirally or concentrically wrapped around inner vessel 11 to provide the desired number of layers.
  • the ends of the composite insulation 14 may, for example, be folded over the ends of inner vessel 11.
  • Conduit 15 extends laterally through insulation 14 and the inner end terminates within inner vessel 11 while the outer end terminates in liquid filling-discharge valve 16.
  • Sleeve 17 forming a wall portion of the inner vessel 11 is concentrically positioned around conduit 15 so that an annular space 18 exists therebetween.
  • Annular space 18 communicates with and forms part of the evacuated insulating space 13, and is iilled with cornposite insulation 14. The latter is preferably wrapped around sleeve 17 so that the layers are parallel to the length of conduit 15.
  • the binder for the glass ber and ceramic fiber papers was 14% and 18.5% by weight colloidal silica, respectively.
  • the particular ceramic sheet employed in the Table III tests is approximately mils thick. This ceramic fiber is reported by the manufacturer to have a melting point of 3,200 F. and to possess' a thermal conductivity in air of 0.058 B.t.u./hr. sq. ft. F./ft. at a mean temperature of 1,000 F.
  • One type of suitable ceramic material has the following chemical analysis: Al2O3-51.3%, SiO2-45.3%, and BOT-3.4%.
  • Another satisfactory ceramic fiber has the following chemical analysis: A1203- 5l.2%, SiO2-47.4%, B2O3-0.7%, and Na-0.7%.
  • a composite multi-layered insulation for use in a space between warm and cold boundaries comprising permanently precompacted low-conductive layers of (l) oers having diameters less than about 20 microns for reducing heat transfer by conduction, being oriented substantially perpendicular to the direction of heat inleak across the space; (2) timely-divided radiant heat reflecting bodies of sizes less than about 500 microns being incorporated in and uniformly dispersed through the layers in an amount between about 10% and 60% by weight of the layers; and (3) a binder for cementing the heat refleeting bodies to said fibers.
  • thermoelectric body is a member selected from the group consisting of aluminum, copper, molybdenum and nickel.
  • a double-walled liquefied gas container comprising an inner vessel; an outer casing surrounding said inner vessel so as to provide an evacuable space therebetween; a composite multi-layered insulation in said space comprising permanently precompacted low-conductive layers of (l) fibers having diameters less than about 20 microns for reducing heat transfer by conduction, being oriented substantially perpendicular to the direction of heat inleak across the vacuum space; (2) finely-divided radiant heat reflecting bodies of sizes less than about 500 microns having metallic surfaces, being incorporated in and uniformly dispersed through the layers in an amount between about 10% and 60% by weight of the layers; and (3) a binder for cementing the heat reflecting bodies to said iibers.
  • a double-walled container according to claim 17 in which the fibers are formed of glass having diameters of about 0.2 to 3.8 microns, and said heat reecting body is aluminum flakes of less than about 50 microns size.
  • a double-walled container according to claim 17 in which the fibers are formed of glass having diameters of about 0.2 to 3.8 microns, said heat retiecting body is l l metal flakes, and said binder is colloidal silica in sufficient quantity to constitute between about 10% and 20% by weight of said insulation.
  • a composite permanently precompacted multilayered thermal insulation for use in an evacuable space between warm and cold boundaries prepared by the steps of providing an aqueous solution containing iibers having diameters less than about 20 microns, nelyrdivided radiant heat reflecting bodies of sizes less than about 500 microns, and a binder for cementing the heat reflecting bodies to the bers being present in quantity of about 2 to 20% by weight of the ber-reecting body-binder mixture, said heat reflecting bodies constituting between about 10% and 60% by weight of said mixture; mixing the aqueous solution sufficiently to form a defibered, substantially homogeneous aqueous dispersion; depositing the dispersion on the wire of a paper-making machine to form a sheet having said heat reecting bodies uniformly dispersed therethrough; thereafter compacting and drying said sheet as the composite layer; and assembling a muli2 tiplicity ot'V such composite layers in overlying and contiguous relationship in said evacuable space.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Thermal Insulation (AREA)
US211176A 1962-07-20 1962-07-20 Thermal insulation Expired - Lifetime US3199714A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE635030D BE635030A (en(2012)) 1962-07-20
NL294734D NL294734A (en(2012)) 1962-07-20
US211229A US3199715A (en) 1962-07-20 1962-07-20 Insulation construction
US211176A US3199714A (en) 1962-07-20 1962-07-20 Thermal insulation
GB27506/63A GB1059351A (en) 1962-07-20 1963-07-11 Improvements in and relating to insulation
AT559963A AT278726B (de) 1962-07-20 1963-07-12 Thermische Isolierung für die Anwendung in einem evakuierbaren Raum
FR941657A FR1370771A (fr) 1962-07-20 1963-07-16 Isolant thermique
LU44079D LU44079A1 (en(2012)) 1962-07-20 1963-07-17
DE19631400921 DE1400921B2 (de) 1962-07-20 1963-07-20 Waermeisolierung und verfahren zu ihrer herstellung

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US211229A US3199715A (en) 1962-07-20 1962-07-20 Insulation construction
US211176A US3199714A (en) 1962-07-20 1962-07-20 Thermal insulation

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US3199714A true US3199714A (en) 1965-08-10

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US211176A Expired - Lifetime US3199714A (en) 1962-07-20 1962-07-20 Thermal insulation
US211229A Expired - Lifetime US3199715A (en) 1962-07-20 1962-07-20 Insulation construction

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AT (1) AT278726B (en(2012))
BE (1) BE635030A (en(2012))
DE (1) DE1400921B2 (en(2012))
FR (1) FR1370771A (en(2012))
GB (1) GB1059351A (en(2012))
LU (1) LU44079A1 (en(2012))
NL (1) NL294734A (en(2012))

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4101691A (en) * 1976-09-09 1978-07-18 Union Carbide Corporation Enhanced heat transfer device manufacture
EP0104511A3 (en) * 1982-09-27 1984-10-10 Brown, Boveri & Cie Aktiengesellschaft Thermal insulation
US20070068247A1 (en) * 2005-09-26 2007-03-29 Da Silva Jader M Modular construction of a liquid hydrogen storage tank with a common-access tube and method of assembling same
EP2257502B1 (fr) 2008-02-28 2015-12-02 Saint-Gobain Isover Produit a base de fibres minerales et son procede d'obtention
CN105799280A (zh) * 2016-03-21 2016-07-27 苏州越湖海绵复合厂 一种耐磨复合布及其制备方法
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US20070068247A1 (en) * 2005-09-26 2007-03-29 Da Silva Jader M Modular construction of a liquid hydrogen storage tank with a common-access tube and method of assembling same
US8162167B2 (en) * 2005-09-26 2012-04-24 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Modular construction of a liquid hydrogen storage tank with a common-access tube and method of assembling same
EP2257502B1 (fr) 2008-02-28 2015-12-02 Saint-Gobain Isover Produit a base de fibres minerales et son procede d'obtention
US9469563B2 (en) * 2008-02-28 2016-10-18 Saint-Gobain Isover Product based on mineral fibers and process for obtaining it
CN105799280A (zh) * 2016-03-21 2016-07-27 苏州越湖海绵复合厂 一种耐磨复合布及其制备方法
US11813833B2 (en) 2019-12-09 2023-11-14 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Fiberglass insulation product
US12297342B2 (en) 2019-12-09 2025-05-13 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Fiberglass insulation product
US12343974B2 (en) 2019-12-09 2025-07-01 Owens Corning Intellectual Capital, Llc Fiberglass insulation product

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AT278726B (de) 1970-02-10
DE1400921B2 (de) 1971-10-21
FR1370771A (fr) 1964-08-28
LU44079A1 (en(2012)) 1963-09-17
GB1059351A (en) 1967-02-22
US3199715A (en) 1965-08-10
BE635030A (en(2012))
DE1400921A1 (de) 1969-01-30
NL294734A (en(2012))

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