US3197864A - Cutter members for dry shavers - Google Patents

Cutter members for dry shavers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3197864A
US3197864A US295417A US29541763A US3197864A US 3197864 A US3197864 A US 3197864A US 295417 A US295417 A US 295417A US 29541763 A US29541763 A US 29541763A US 3197864 A US3197864 A US 3197864A
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United States
Prior art keywords
blade element
face
guard member
blade
hole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US295417A
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English (en)
Inventor
Sanders Norman Thomas
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Needle Industries Ltd
Original Assignee
Needle Industries Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Needle Industries Ltd filed Critical Needle Industries Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3197864A publication Critical patent/US3197864A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B19/00—Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers
    • B26B19/14—Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers of the rotary-cutter type; Cutting heads therefor; Cutters therefor
    • B26B19/145—Cutters being movable in the cutting head
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B19/00—Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers
    • B26B19/02—Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers of the reciprocating-cutter type
    • B26B19/04—Cutting heads therefor; Cutters therefor; Securing equipment thereof
    • B26B19/044—Manufacture and assembly of cutter blocks
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26B—HAND-HELD CUTTING TOOLS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B26B19/00—Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers
    • B26B19/14—Clippers or shavers operating with a plurality of cutting edges, e.g. hair clippers, dry shavers of the rotary-cutter type; Cutting heads therefor; Cutters therefor
    • B26B19/141—Details of inner cutters having their axes of rotation perpendicular to the cutting surface

Definitions

  • This invention relates to cutters or shavers (hereinafter referred to for convenience as shavers) comprising an apertured guard member in the form of a foil plate or equivalent member having an outer face for placing an face-to-face relation with the surface to be shaved and a cutter member disposed at the inner face of the guard member and movable over the inner face thereof
  • a shaver wherein the cutter member comprises one or more blade elements each in the form of a concave shell having an open mouth at its concave side and I have described and illustrated a shell of this kind which is of conical or frustoconical form.
  • the object of the present invent-ion is to provide an improvement in or modification in the means for mounting the blade elements of the shaver described in my above mention co-pending application.
  • the positioning of the hole at the apex is critical in that any lateral displacement between this hole and the axis of the conical or frusto-conical blade element may limit or even eliminate the desired freedom of rocking movement and floating movement of the blade element relatively to a carrier on which it is mounted.
  • the modification or improvement in accordance with the present invention therefore comprises the provision of a locally raised part or element on the carrier member immediately adj awn-t to a hole in the or each blade element through which extends a rivet or fastening element serving to connect the blade element to the carrier member whilst at least the marginal portion surrounding the hole of the or each blade element so mounted on the carrier is made of curved concave form so that such marginal port-ion is substantially parallel to the adjacent opposed face of the raised part or element of the carrier member.
  • the height of the raised portion or element thus provides a satisfactorily large clearance between the outer face of the blade element and the carrier member which avoids or materially reduces the risk of clogging and obstruction by shaved material.
  • FIGURE 1 is a fragmentary view in cross-section of a shaver showing the assembly of guard member and cutter incorporating the improvement
  • FIGURE 2 is a fragmentary view on an enlarged scale showing a portion of one of the blade elements of the cutter member and the manner of mounting same on its associated carrier member.
  • the shaver may be of the general form and construction described and claimed in my co-pending application No. 335,438 except for the modifications or improvements now described.
  • the shaver thus comprises a body 10 in the form of a hollow chamber in which is accommodated an electric motor and a battery therefor (not shown).
  • the motor has a spindle 12 on which is mounted a cutter member 13 cooperating with an apertured guard member 14 detachably mounted on the body of the shaver by means of a supporting structure comprising an inner component in the form of a ring 15 and an outer compo nent in the form of a clamping ring 16.
  • the clamping ring 16 is slid able axially on the wall 17 of a cylindrical chamber at the end of the body, the fit being such that the clamping ring 16 and hence the guard member is normally retained frictionally in assembled relation with the body.
  • the blade elements 18, as best seen in FIGURE 2, are made from a plain carbon steel capable of being hardened and tempered. Typically steel strip having a carbon content of 1.3% may be employed. Before hardening and tempering, the blades are shaped by pressing into cupshaped forms of curved concave shape as viewed from the upper side.
  • the inner and outer surfaces 20 and 21 may be portions of spheres, but spherical configuration is not critical and any suitable curved surface concave at its upper side and hence convex at its underside may be adopted.
  • each blade element forms a contact face 22 which is pressed against the inner face of the guard member 14 by means of a spring 23 acting on the underside of the carrier member 19 and retained at its lower end by a bushing 24 on the spindle 12.
  • the upper end portion of the spindle is formed, as described and claimed in said co-pending application 335,438 with a head 25 of larger cross-sectional dimensions than an aperture of square shape in the carrier member 9 which is slidably mounted on a corresponding square end 26 of the spindle, there being a clearance between the underside of the head 25 and the upper side of the carrier member 19 so that the pressure of the spring acts to produce pressure contact between the contact faces 22 of the blade elements and the inner face of the guard member 14.
  • Such de-carburisation is not of critical importance so far as the surface layer adjacent to the inner face 20 is concerned, but the shaving performance of the shaver is dependent upon the maintenance of a sharp edge at the intersection of the contact face 22 and the outer face 21 and de-carburisation in this region reduces the hardness f the blade element so that the edge will become blunt more rapidly than would otherwise be the case.
  • the included angle made between the axis 23 of the blade element and the generatrix 29 which forms the frusto-conical surface 30" now present at the outer surface of the blade element adjacent to its contact face 22 may be in the range 35 to 45 degrees, a preferred value being about 4-0 degrees.
  • the blade element may be made of material having a thickness of 0.005 inch and the width of the contact face 22, if no material were removed Within the surface 27, would then be of the order of 0.0075 inch.
  • the amount of material removed between the surfaces 27 and 3t? is preferably such as to reduce the radial width of the contact face 22 to a value of 0.002 inch or rather less than one-third of What it would otherwise be.
  • the contact face 22 itself is formed by grinding against a frat plane abrasive surface, or possibly a convex spherical abrasive surface having a radius of curvature which is large compared with that of the inner and outer faces '20 and 21 of the blade element itself, so that in this way material is in any 7 case removed from the blade element adjacent to the contact face over at least a layer having a thickness equal to the impoverished or de-carburised layer at the contact face 22.
  • the amount of material removed between the surfaces 27 and 30 is more than adequate to remove de-carburised or impoverished material from the region of the cutting edge 30a so that the latter is enabled to remain sharp for an extended period of service.
  • Reduction in the width of the contact face 22 has also important advantages .when applied to a shaver of which the electric motor is driven from batteries accommodated in the body of the shaver and when used in conjunction with a guard member as hereinafter referred to.
  • the guard member 14 is maintained in fiat, plane form by radial tension set up by gripping a skirt portion 31 of the guard member between the inner ring 15 and the outer clamping ring 16 as described in my application Serial No. 199,865 (now abandoned).
  • This enable thin material to be employed for the guard member which typically may be made of alloy steel or plain carbon steel in the form of a hard rolled sheet having a thickness not less than 0.001 inch, a preferred value being about 0.002 inch.
  • guard member necessarily entails acceptance of the fact that when in use inward pressure against the outer surface of the guard member when the shaver is held against the users face will produce some inward elastic deflection of the guard member so that theinner face thereof is no longer of strictly flat plane form.
  • the carrier member 19 is formed with raised portions 31. These may be produced by a pressing operation which causes the metal to be displaced in the manner of a shearing operation without, however, completing such shearing so that there is formed on the underside of the carrier member a cavity 32. the depth of which is approximately equal to the height of the raised portion 31.
  • the carrier member 19 may be made of high carbon steel which is capable of being hardened and tempered so that it can slide easily on the square end 26 and is resistant to any Wear at the edges of the aperture through which the square end 26 passes.
  • the latter is also made of steel which is hardened to resist wear.
  • Displacement of metal to produce the raised portions 3 is carried out before hardening and tempering. it may, and often does, result in the physical rupture of the raised metal from the surrounding part, the raised portion however remaining in situ by virtue of'the mechanical interference between the claims of metal at the shearing plane. fter hardening and tempering the mechanically intervening grains become locked with each other so that the raised portion is then irremovably held in position.
  • the blade element has a hole 33 formed coaxially with its own axis and through this hole extends the upper portion 34 of the shank 134 of a rivet 234.
  • This shank is of tapering form and its lower portion 35 is thus positively located in a tapering hole 135 formed in the raised portion 31 of the carrier member 19.
  • the blade element is held on the rivet 234 by the head 37 thereof which comprises abutment means and is spaced above the raised portion 31 by a distance greater than the thickness of the blade element around the hole 33.
  • the rivet 234 comprises a fastening element and is formed of case hardened steel but the lower end of the rivet which protrudes into the cavity 32 can be deformed by endwise pressure to form a laterally spread portion or an elementary head 38, by virtue of the fact that the case hardened layer thereof, sufficiently resistant to withstand bearing wear at the locality at which it is subject to this, that is where it passes throughthe hole 33, is capable of disruption or bursting under mechanical stress to form the head 33.
  • This head in combination with the tapering form of the shank 134 thus holds the rivet positively against movement relatively to the carrier member, whilst there is freedom for the blade element to have limited floating movement and limited rocking movement relatively to the rivet and carrier member.
  • floating movement is meant vertical displacement of the blade element, and by rocking movement is meant that the blade element can tilt about any axis at right angles to the axis 23 and passing therethrough.
  • diameter of the hole 33 is greater than the diameter of the upper portion 34 of the rivet shank so as to provide the necessary radial clearance between these two parts.
  • Such rocking or floating movement is important to allow the contact face 22 to conform accurately with and hence maintain contact with the inner face of the guard member 14 notwithstanding inward elastic deflection thereof when the shaver is in use.
  • the marginal portions 40 as defined by the inner and outer fiaces of the concave shell are at right angles or substantially so to the axis 28 avoids the necessity for maintaining a critically coincident relation between the axis 28 (which is the axis of the cutting edge 30a) and the axis of the hole 33.
  • Small lateral displacements between these two axes do not produce a member include-s any number of arms although for convenience it has been illustrated in relation to a two arm cutter member carrying two blade elements 18.'
  • a shaver comprising a body, a thin-walled apertured guard member thereon, and a cutter member movable in contact with said guard member over its inner 'said guard member and in combination with said outer face defining a cutting edge, said blade element having a hole therein at a position centrally of said blade element at its end remote from said mouth, a fastening element extending from said raised portion and through said hole with later-a1 clearance, and abutment means on said fastening element at a distance above said raised element greater than the wall thickness of said blade element adjacent to skewed or oblique hole 33 as would be the case were the for practical purposes, the risk of any clogging and ob- V struction to floating or rocking movement of the blade element from the causes previously mentioned.
  • the height of the raised part 31 may typically be ofthe order of 0.01 inch but this may be increased if desired according to the thickness of the material employed for the construction of the carrier member 19.
  • a shaver comprising a body, a thin-walled apertured guard member thereon, and a cutter member movable in contact with said guard member over its inner face; the structure claimed in claim 1 wherein said locally raised portion has a hole formed therethro'ugh to receive said fastening element, and wherein both said fastening element and said hole in said raised element tapercon vergently in a direction away from said blade element, said fastening element being case-hardened and incorporating a laterally spread portion at that side of said carrier member remote from said blade element to hold said fastening element fixedly against both axial and lateral displacement relatively to said carrier member.
US295417A 1962-07-18 1963-07-16 Cutter members for dry shavers Expired - Lifetime US3197864A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB27519/62A GB994518A (en) 1962-07-18 1962-07-18 Improvements relating to shavers

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3197864A true US3197864A (en) 1965-08-03

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ID=10260909

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US295417A Expired - Lifetime US3197864A (en) 1962-07-18 1963-07-16 Cutter members for dry shavers

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3197864A (de)
CH (1) CH402653A (de)
DE (1) DE1193394B (de)
GB (1) GB994518A (de)

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2213291A (en) * 1937-12-15 1940-09-03 Gillette Safety Razor Co Shaving implement
US2283038A (en) * 1938-05-19 1942-05-12 Raymond T Moloney Electric shaver
FR978929A (fr) * 1948-12-21 1951-04-19 Rasoir fonctionnant à sec
US2566214A (en) * 1946-09-25 1951-08-28 Wilkinson Sword Co Ltd Manually operated dry shaving device
US2690008A (en) * 1952-04-26 1954-09-28 Bobkowicz Emilian Automatic razor
US2900719A (en) * 1956-08-24 1959-08-25 Supreme Products Corp Cutters for electric shavers

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2213291A (en) * 1937-12-15 1940-09-03 Gillette Safety Razor Co Shaving implement
US2283038A (en) * 1938-05-19 1942-05-12 Raymond T Moloney Electric shaver
US2566214A (en) * 1946-09-25 1951-08-28 Wilkinson Sword Co Ltd Manually operated dry shaving device
FR978929A (fr) * 1948-12-21 1951-04-19 Rasoir fonctionnant à sec
US2690008A (en) * 1952-04-26 1954-09-28 Bobkowicz Emilian Automatic razor
US2900719A (en) * 1956-08-24 1959-08-25 Supreme Products Corp Cutters for electric shavers

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH402653A (de) 1965-11-15
GB994518A (en) 1965-06-10
DE1193394B (de) 1965-05-20

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