US3196506A - Method of making a shell mold by lost wax process - Google Patents

Method of making a shell mold by lost wax process Download PDF

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Publication number
US3196506A
US3196506A US68075A US6807560A US3196506A US 3196506 A US3196506 A US 3196506A US 68075 A US68075 A US 68075A US 6807560 A US6807560 A US 6807560A US 3196506 A US3196506 A US 3196506A
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United States
Prior art keywords
mold
shell
coat
metal
stucco
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US68075A
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English (en)
Inventor
Operhall Theodore
Charles W Schwartz
Dickson Van Schoik
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Howmet Turbine Components Corp
Howe Sound Co
Original Assignee
Howe Sound Co
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL108616D priority Critical patent/NL108616C/xx
Priority to NL235063D priority patent/NL235063A/xx
Priority claimed from US708628A external-priority patent/US2961751A/en
Priority to GB415/60A priority patent/GB913637A/en
Priority to GB21456/60A priority patent/GB913638A/en
Priority to DER24722A priority patent/DE1185775B/de
Priority to FR783677A priority patent/FR1218110A/fr
Priority to CH6824659A priority patent/CH374150A/de
Application filed by Howe Sound Co filed Critical Howe Sound Co
Priority to US68075A priority patent/US3196506A/en
Publication of US3196506A publication Critical patent/US3196506A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to HOWMET TURBINE COMPONENTS CORPORATION, A CORP.OF DE reassignment HOWMET TURBINE COMPONENTS CORPORATION, A CORP.OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: HOWMET CORPORATON A CORP. OF DE
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C1/00—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds
    • B22C1/16—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents
    • B22C1/165—Compositions of refractory mould or core materials; Grain structures thereof; Chemical or physical features in the formation or manufacture of moulds characterised by the use of binding agents; Mixtures of binding agents in the manufacture of multilayered shell moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C9/00—Moulds or cores; Moulding processes
    • B22C9/02—Sand moulds or like moulds for shaped castings
    • B22C9/04—Use of lost patterns

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the fabrication of metal castings, and it relates more particularly to a metal casting process and materials for use in same embodying some of the elements of an investment casting process with some of the elements of a shell-molding process while eliminating many of the limitations of each of the processes to provide a new and improved procedure for the production of metal castings.
  • shell molding with an organic resinous binder eliminates or rather minimizes some of the more objectionable features of the investment casting process, such shellmolding process, as it is practiced today, has other characteristics which are objectionable from the standpoint of the desire .to produce acceptable castings at high yield with a minimum amout of labor, materials and cost.
  • FIG. 1 is a fiow diagram of the process embodying the features of this invention starting from the cluster of wax patterns to the completion of the mold for pouring the metal castings;
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective elevational view in partial section of a wax cluster employed in the practice of this invention
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the cluster shown in FIG. 2 with the coatings applied thereon in accordance with the practice of this invention
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view similar to those of FIGS. 2 and 3 of the shell mold after the baking operation to remove the wax and to mature the ceramic materials;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional elevational view of the metal melting furnace and the mold clamped thereon.
  • the cleaned cluster is then immersed into the slip in a manner to coat all of the surfaces of the cluster with the exception of the lip of the crucible. To promote the removal of bubbles from the cluster design, it is desirable to rotate the cluster while immersed in the slip.
  • the cluster When fully coated, the cluster can be removed from the tank to drain. During drainage, the cluster can be inspected to detect air pockets which can be eliminated by directing a stream of air onto the deficient portions and thereafter allowing the slurry of the dip coat to flow onto the blown area. While the cluster is .being drained, it should be held in different planes designed to achieve uniform coating on all surfaces. In general, drainage should be completed within a few minute but, in any event, in less time than would allow the dip coat to gel or dry to the extent that a good stucco coat cannot be applied.
  • the stucco is sprinkled onto the wet coating of the cluster substantially uniformly to cover the dip coat with a layer of the stucco while, at the same time, minimizing flow of the dip coat whereby non-uniformities might otherwise develop.
  • the stucco particles will be rained down from above through a screening member constantly being fed by a vibratory feeder to remove foreign matter from the Aludum particles while the particles are sprinkled over an area to give more uniform and complete coverage.
  • the stucco will adhere to the wet coating of the slurry and will become partially for a short time to set the binder.
  • thev stucco cluster need 110L136 set aside for'drying. "However, itis preferred to slow. the gelation 01 1116 dip coat so. thatsuffi-j cien-t leeway is available for the desired drainage and,
  • Second dipcorzt l The composition ofthe second dip coat, sl-ipissub stantially the same as theafirst. dn practice,-use isusualto provideaseconddip coaton the stuccoed, cluster'isf achieved in a manner similar to that of the previous first;
  • compositionof the third and additional dip coat Itwill be understood thatthe time of dry-; ing may be extended inde'finitely beyond the preferred 165 pounds zircon, (99% 5-10 or more dipsandstucco coats of the type described may be applied in series onto the wax cluster.
  • The. eutectic coating comp'osition is similar in formulation'and'. preparationto'the previously defined dip coat Theieutec-tic coating is applied in a manner Quitesimi 'With the exception of the feldepar which is' added together, with -the:zirconi flour to the mixture.
  • the third and additional dip coat isachieved essen tially the same manner as the first andseconddip coats by:
  • the cluster is.
  • the cluster is drained while tu rning to provide a:
  • the fired productl can thereafterbe set' aside to cool.
  • the hp willflbegrounddown to provide a flattened surface a'daptedfmore substantially toconform with the face plate of an invertible furnace. in which the metalis reduced to themolten'state so thatthefinishedmoldcan be clamped to the faceplate of the. furnace to enablethe metal to be poured directlyinto the shell mold by inversion. Inpractice, it is preferred .to' grind down the lip before the fir ing step.-
  • the post-fired coat corresponds to the eutectic coating and application is the same as in the application of the eutectic coat prior to the firing operation.
  • a postfire coat is applied, the coated shell is set aside to dry and the ceramic is matured as an incidence to preheating of the mold to the temperature desired for pouring.
  • the mold is usually preheated to a temperature within the range of 1600-2200" F. and preferably to a temperature within the range of 17001900 F., and is then clamped to the furnace for turning over to pour the metal into the heated mold.
  • One of the novel characteristics of a mold prepared in accordance with the practice of this invention resides in the ability to preheat the mold for an extended period of time, as for days, at the temperature conditions described without noticeable effect from the standpoint of slumping or the type of vitrification which is characteristic of systems heretofore employed.
  • Molds prepared in accordance with the practice of this invention are characterized by sufiicient strength to enable use as a shell without investment to be clamped as an investment mold to the furnace for pouring.
  • the mold can be clamped to the furnace without additional support to pour the molten metal therein as by reversal of the position of the furnace as described in the Operhall Patent 2,806,271.
  • the mold retains its strength under room or elevated temperatures so that the metal can be poured while the mold is cold but preferably after the mold has been preheated to elevated temperature, such for example as a temperature of 1600-2200 F. to facilitate fiow of the metal into innermost regions of the mold and to insure the production of suitable castmgs.
  • the poured mold is removed from the furnace and set aside for solidification of the metal. Upon proper solidification, the mold can be broken up to remove the casting and then the latter can be processed in the usual manner for separation, cleaning, inspection and packaging to provide a finished product.
  • the conformity of the castings to the mold and the physical and mechanical properties of the casting can be materially improved if, instead of allowing the cast mold to cool in the open atmosphere, the cast shell mold is housed within an insu lated container whereby cooling is achieved at a slow and controlled rate for solidification and cooling of the poured metal.
  • the cooling rate can be slowed under controlled conditions by placing the poured mold in the housing and filling the space about the mold with a flowable insulating material such as particles of exfoliated mica, bloated silica, Santocel and the Still further, the rate of cooling to the solidified state can be retarded by placing the poured mold in a heated space, such as a furnace, in which the temperature of the atmosphere can be controlled.
  • a flowable insulating material such as particles of exfoliated mica, bloated silica, Santocel and the Still further, the rate of cooling to the solidified state can be retarded by placing the poured mold in a heated space, such as a furnace, in which the temperature of the atmosphere can be controlled.
  • dip coat compositions may deviate quite widely from the compositions set forth in the foregoing description since they may correspond to the formulations conventionally employed as a base for the application of stucco coats in conventional investment casting processes as defined in the aforementioned patents.
  • silica flour is subject to large inversions during temperature change between room temperature and 2000 F. whereby large contractions and expansions are caused to take place which introduce stresses Within the mold that cause deterioration or destruction.
  • silica as with other materials, if the inversion stages are traversed quickly, cracks are formed in the mold part through which cast molten metal can escape. This condition would be highly objectionable in an investment casting, let alone a system wherein the mold part is adapted to be clamped to the furnace for pouring Without investment or other protective covering.
  • Both the alumina, used as the stucco, and the zircon used as the filler in the dip coating compositions embodying features of this invention have been found to be relatively free of these inversion characteristics by comparison with silica flour or silica.
  • the expansion and contraction characteristics of zircon and of alumina are so low by comparison with other materials which have usually been employed, that the materials can be heated up rapidly to elevated temperaturefor maturing the mold or for preheating the mold without endangering the mold by reason of extreme expansions and contractions. It is for this reason that the Wax pattern with the described stucco coats thereon can be introduced into a furnace maintained at a temperature as high as 1800-2200 F.
  • the more rapid heat-through permitted by the concepts embodying features of this invention provides for an entirely different operation.
  • the outer portions of the wax pattern and parts are reduced to ambus statei prior to heating up the interior portions of the wax pat- V I erns and parts so that the wax in the outerportions can be eliminated from the moldprior to heating through the pattern.
  • Nhilesilica can be used, as in conventional dip coating compositions, it has been found that it is possible to make use of much more rapid heating for maturing and preheating the mold when zircon is employed instead of This enables silica as the filler in these compositions.
  • mold and for casting high temperature alloys are' thusj employed to improve the casting process and the preparation of molds therefor.
  • ⁇ Instead otzircon use can be made of finelyjdivided particles of flours of alumina, t itania, stabilized zircon, fused quartz, thoria, chromite, sillimanite, mullite, magnesia, vycor glass, or the like materials having similar inversion characteristics, good-"heat-shock properties, high fusion temperature andrelatively' low expansion characteristics at elevated temperatures Within the range from; room to 220051
  • the binder. component of the slip may comprise other conventional bindersemployed in the preparation of the stucco coats on wax patterns or patterns' formed of other low melting materials employed in investment castinga lWhen such'v other binder systems are employed, the zircon and the like;
  • filler can be incorporated in the amounts previously de-" scribed.
  • the stuccoistoo small such for exampleas 'finer than 120 mesh
  • the stucco fails to develjopthe mechanical lock desired between the first and second dip coats and often leads to spalling'.
  • the balance between 'the mesh-size of the stuccoand'the thickness of the dip coat can best be determined'by trial and error but it will usually 'fall within the limitations described.
  • the coverage of-the dip-coat subsequent to the first is enhanced if the stucco coat previously applied ispre-wet as by a wash coat formed of the dip coat composition markedly reduced in viscosity.
  • Considerable-benefit is derived when a pre- Wet is employed in advance of the use of a dip coat of j-liigher viscosity than employed in previous dip coats.
  • .Ins-teadofIAlundum use as a stucco coat can be made of zircon, sillimanite, 'mullite, vycor glass, tho'ria, chromite-, magnesia and the like materials having good heat-shock, good refractory characteristics,
  • An important concept of this invention resides in the means for providing an outer portion in the built-up shell which is capable of incipient fusion or a stage of vitrification at temperatures below the" vitrification temperature ofthe zircon to provide a skin barrier which has maturity at lower temperature to form a protective cover; heal any fractures or cracks which might develop in the mold duringburning out, preheating, and particularly during pouring of the metal, and markedly to strengthen the mold to impart mass integrity, which enables use of the shell .mol'd' without, support for casting molten metal therein,
  • the characteristics are achieved by the formul'ation'of an outer coating of the shell mold with feldspar present as" a component of the tiller in v the .dip coat.
  • Feldspar vitrifies 'ata' temperature starting initial coating is more critical fromthe standpoint off thickness and character and bettercontr'olsfare available in a newly prepared batch.
  • As a first dip coat it is clesir-- able to provide for a thicknesson the patterns which will] enable the stucco to enter into the coating without penetration all the way through to the inner face of the mold,
  • a balance ness and s'tucco For this purpose, it has been found best to provide for; a film thickness in t'he first stucco coat of about S IO mils with about 20 mils as a maximum and aboutjl mils as a minimum, and it is desirable, to makeluse of a between hi kr atabout l00O F. andcontinues onup to a temperature of about 2200 F.
  • the feldspar vitrifies alone and in combination with the siliceous materials present at the temperature conditions existing duringfiring and preheat- 7 ing to form a eutectic ceramic which is capableof sealing the pores? and cracks which are present or which otherwise tormiin the mold shellduring firing',- preheating or metal pouring.
  • the particlesofstucco in the mold markedly to strengthen the mold shell tothe extent that the-mold'can be clamped stucco in a first stucco coat of about 60-80 mesh material.
  • feldspar in amount less than 0.05 part per one part by weight of Zircon or other filler in the dip coat has been found to be insufficient to impart the desired strength characteristics.
  • the amount of feldspar exceeds 0.25 part per one part by weight of zircon or other filler, the mold becomes so strong that it will lead to hot tears in operation and excessive diffusion into the mold may occur.
  • the feldspar in an amount within the range of 0.080.15 part by weight of the feldspar to one part by weight of the zircon or other filler in the dip coat or about 8-l5% by weight of the ceramic solids of the dip coat.
  • the feldspar has a tendency progressively to diffuse inwardly during firing. Since it is undesirable to have the feldspar pentrate into the inner surfaces of the mold, the time and temperature for heating should be balanced with the amount of feldspar to enable eute/ctic formation without complete penetration. Too much feldspar, that is, above the amount previously indicated, would enable progressive reaction to penetrate farther into the shell mold where undesirable conditions can be developed since the feldspar is capable of reaction with the metal while in the molten state. Further, it can form products which do not have the desired heat-shock resistance and thus the formation of such products should be limited to outer portions of the shell mold.
  • the eutectic coating can constitute one of the intermediate dip coats, which may or may not be stuccoed, on the condition that the eutectic coat is spaced at least two coats and preferably five or more coats from the face of the shell mold.
  • temperature for maturing can be varied from 1000-2300
  • use can be made of iron oxide, borax or stannous chloride and the like low temperature vitrifiable inorganic materials instead of feldspar.
  • the eutectic coat composition will generally be used at a lower viscosity than the conventional clip coats for stuccoing.
  • the feldspar acts differently than borax in that it is capable of greater stability in suspension without upsetting the balance as compared to borax.
  • the minimum temperature is that temperature sufficient to activate the binder.
  • temperatures as low as 500 F. could be used but, in general, it is preferred to make use of a temperature in excess of 1600 F. because it is difficult to effect the desired sequence in the elimination of the wax pattern and parts when firing at temperatures below 1600" F.
  • time is not an important factor. Very often 3 minutes is sufficient at 10 these temperatures, but it is preferred to heat for about 30 minutes. Heating for more than 30 minutes at the temperatures described is not harmful. Above 2200 F. the strength properties of the shell mold will be increased but reactions are possible which might cause excessive shrinkage in the shell mold.
  • the thickness of the dip coats will increase from the inside out because of the increased porosity provided by the stucco.
  • a shell formed of about five dip coats and an equal number of stucco coats will have a thickness of about inch and will be made up of about 60% by weight dip coat solids, 35% by weight coarse stucco of 1428 mesh, about 2% by weight of 20-mesh stucco from the first stucco coat, about 3% by weight 54-mesh stucco from the second stucco coat, feldspar will form about .5-1% by weight of the shell, and it will be located almost exclusively in the outer layer or layers before firing.
  • the shell mold may be processed by grinding down the lip to provide a fiat surface for clamping to the top plate of the .elting furnace to achieve a sealing relationship therebetween which enables the shell mold to be clamped to the furnace whereby the furnace is subsequently inverted for pouring.
  • the shell mold formed in accordance with the practice of this invention bears sufficient strength to enable it to be clamped directly onto the furnace for metal pouring as distinguished from the necessity to invest the shell within a ceramic support as in previous investment casting processes.
  • the shell mold can be critically inspected prior to preheating and subsequent to preheating and prior to clamping the shell onto the melting furnace to discard defective shell molds and thereby avoid the waste of time and material in pouring unsuitable and unacceptable castings.
  • Preheating can be carried out in the usual preheating furnace to raise the temperature of the mold to a desired high temperature for metal casting, thereby to insure complete flow of the metal into the innermost recesses of the mold with the result that acceptable castings of a uniform high quality can consistently be secured.
  • the cast metal shell can be removed from the furnace and set aside for cooling to solidify the metal but, as previously pointed out, castings having improved physical and mechanical properties and improved formation can be secured, when, in accordance with the practice of this invention, the poured shell mold is confined within a thermal insulating barrier during the cooling operation to solidify the metal or placed within a confined space subsequently filled with vermiculite or other particulate ther mal insulating material.
  • the poured molds can be allowed to solidify in a furnace heated to elevated temperature to slow the solidification or the metal can be poured into a mold while housed within the furnace in which it is preheated or in another furnace.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
US68075A 1958-01-13 1960-11-08 Method of making a shell mold by lost wax process Expired - Lifetime US3196506A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL108616D NL108616C (zh) 1958-01-13
NL235063D NL235063A (zh) 1958-01-13
GB21456/60A GB913638A (en) 1958-01-13 1959-01-05 A composition for use in a metal casting process
GB415/60A GB913637A (en) 1958-01-13 1959-01-05 Metal casting process
DER24722A DE1185775B (de) 1958-01-13 1959-01-07 Verfahren zum Herstellen von Praezisionsgiessformen mit Ausschmelzmodellen
FR783677A FR1218110A (fr) 1958-01-13 1959-01-09 Procédé de fabrication de pièces de fonderie
CH6824659A CH374150A (de) 1958-01-13 1959-01-13 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gussstücken und Satz von keramischen Tauchmassen zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
US68075A US3196506A (en) 1958-01-13 1960-11-08 Method of making a shell mold by lost wax process

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US708628A US2961751A (en) 1958-01-13 1958-01-13 Ceramic metal casting process
US68075A US3196506A (en) 1958-01-13 1960-11-08 Method of making a shell mold by lost wax process

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US3196506A true US3196506A (en) 1965-07-27

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US68075A Expired - Lifetime US3196506A (en) 1958-01-13 1960-11-08 Method of making a shell mold by lost wax process

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US (1) US3196506A (zh)
CH (1) CH374150A (zh)
DE (1) DE1185775B (zh)
FR (1) FR1218110A (zh)
GB (2) GB913638A (zh)
NL (2) NL108616C (zh)

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3446266A (en) * 1962-12-28 1969-05-27 Precision Metalsmiths Inc Investment casting apparatus
US3654984A (en) * 1965-12-02 1972-04-11 Edward J Mellen Jr Porcupine shell molds and method of making same
DE2323128A1 (de) * 1972-05-08 1973-11-22 Sherwood Refractories Verfahren zum ueberziehen vorgeformter, keramischer kerne
US4526312A (en) * 1979-12-10 1985-07-02 Rockwell International Corporation Low cost method of making superplastically formed and diffusion bonded structures
US4697632A (en) * 1982-06-11 1987-10-06 Howmet Turbine Components Corporation Ceramic porous bodies suitable for use with superalloys
US4789140A (en) * 1982-06-11 1988-12-06 Howmet Turbine Components Corporation Ceramic porous bodies suitable for use with superalloys
US5391341A (en) * 1991-01-19 1995-02-21 Heinrich Ballewski Process and binder for the manufacture of ceramic shells for use as molds
US6019927A (en) * 1997-03-27 2000-02-01 Galliger; Nicholas Method of casting a complex metal part
US20030089475A1 (en) * 1993-06-24 2003-05-15 Farrington Theodore Edwin Soft tissue
US20030213576A1 (en) * 2002-05-15 2003-11-20 Howmet Research Corporation Reinforced shell mold and method
US20040134634A1 (en) * 2002-05-15 2004-07-15 Xi Yang Reinforced shell mold and method
US20040167270A1 (en) * 2003-02-25 2004-08-26 Dane Chang Fugitive pattern for casting
US20060021732A1 (en) * 2004-07-28 2006-02-02 Kilinski Bart M Increasing stability of silica-bearing material
WO2012003439A1 (en) * 2010-07-02 2012-01-05 Mikro Systems, Inc. Self supporting core-in-a-core for casting
US20120171462A1 (en) * 2009-09-15 2012-07-05 Yuchi Tsai Method and device for rapidly drying ware shell and ware shell
CN103506577A (zh) * 2013-09-22 2014-01-15 苏州华宇精密铸造有限公司 一种铝合金铸件的精密铸造方法
CN107225210A (zh) * 2017-07-05 2017-10-03 天长市兴宇铸造有限公司 一种铸造蜡模外用涂料及应用该涂料进行制模型壳的方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2677906A1 (fr) * 1991-06-18 1992-12-24 Del Rabal Jean Claude Procede d'enfournement du moule de cuisson d'un objet de fonderie.

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US2682692A (en) * 1950-10-25 1954-07-06 Everard F Kohl Process of preparing precision castings
US2806269A (en) * 1952-09-11 1957-09-17 Rolls Royce Moulds for precision casting
US2932864A (en) * 1958-06-17 1960-04-19 Mellen Method of making and drying shell-type refractory molds
US3132388A (en) * 1959-08-26 1964-05-12 Corning Glass Works Method of removing the pattern from a thin shell investment mold

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AT179853B (de) * 1945-08-31 1954-10-11 Nicolas Herzmark Geißform für den Präzisionsguß mit hochschmelzenden Metallen
BE500159A (zh) * 1950-11-28

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2682692A (en) * 1950-10-25 1954-07-06 Everard F Kohl Process of preparing precision castings
US2806269A (en) * 1952-09-11 1957-09-17 Rolls Royce Moulds for precision casting
US2932864A (en) * 1958-06-17 1960-04-19 Mellen Method of making and drying shell-type refractory molds
US3132388A (en) * 1959-08-26 1964-05-12 Corning Glass Works Method of removing the pattern from a thin shell investment mold

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3446266A (en) * 1962-12-28 1969-05-27 Precision Metalsmiths Inc Investment casting apparatus
US3654984A (en) * 1965-12-02 1972-04-11 Edward J Mellen Jr Porcupine shell molds and method of making same
DE2323128A1 (de) * 1972-05-08 1973-11-22 Sherwood Refractories Verfahren zum ueberziehen vorgeformter, keramischer kerne
US4526312A (en) * 1979-12-10 1985-07-02 Rockwell International Corporation Low cost method of making superplastically formed and diffusion bonded structures
US4697632A (en) * 1982-06-11 1987-10-06 Howmet Turbine Components Corporation Ceramic porous bodies suitable for use with superalloys
US4789140A (en) * 1982-06-11 1988-12-06 Howmet Turbine Components Corporation Ceramic porous bodies suitable for use with superalloys
US5391341A (en) * 1991-01-19 1995-02-21 Heinrich Ballewski Process and binder for the manufacture of ceramic shells for use as molds
US20030089475A1 (en) * 1993-06-24 2003-05-15 Farrington Theodore Edwin Soft tissue
US6019927A (en) * 1997-03-27 2000-02-01 Galliger; Nicholas Method of casting a complex metal part
US6845811B2 (en) 2002-05-15 2005-01-25 Howmet Research Corporation Reinforced shell mold and method
US20030213576A1 (en) * 2002-05-15 2003-11-20 Howmet Research Corporation Reinforced shell mold and method
EP1375030A3 (en) * 2002-05-15 2004-01-07 Howmet Research Corporation Reinforced shell mold and method
US20040134634A1 (en) * 2002-05-15 2004-07-15 Xi Yang Reinforced shell mold and method
EP1375030A2 (en) * 2002-05-15 2004-01-02 Howmet Research Corporation Reinforced shell mold and method
US7264036B2 (en) 2003-02-25 2007-09-04 Howmet Corporation Fugitive pattern for casting
US20060052499A1 (en) * 2003-02-25 2006-03-09 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Fugitive pattern for casting
US20040167270A1 (en) * 2003-02-25 2004-08-26 Dane Chang Fugitive pattern for casting
US7302992B2 (en) 2003-02-25 2007-12-04 Howmet Research Corporation Fugitive pattern for casting
US7302991B2 (en) 2003-02-25 2007-12-04 Howmet Research Corporation Fugitive pattern for casting
US7258158B2 (en) 2004-07-28 2007-08-21 Howmet Corporation Increasing stability of silica-bearing material
US20060021732A1 (en) * 2004-07-28 2006-02-02 Kilinski Bart M Increasing stability of silica-bearing material
US20120171462A1 (en) * 2009-09-15 2012-07-05 Yuchi Tsai Method and device for rapidly drying ware shell and ware shell
EP2479523B1 (en) * 2009-09-15 2018-04-11 Yuchi Tsai Method and device for rapidly drying mold shell
WO2012003439A1 (en) * 2010-07-02 2012-01-05 Mikro Systems, Inc. Self supporting core-in-a-core for casting
US8196640B1 (en) 2010-07-02 2012-06-12 Mikro Systems, Inc. Self supporting core-in-a-core for casting
CN103506577A (zh) * 2013-09-22 2014-01-15 苏州华宇精密铸造有限公司 一种铝合金铸件的精密铸造方法
CN103506577B (zh) * 2013-09-22 2015-02-11 苏州华宇精密铸造有限公司 一种铝合金铸件的精密铸造方法
CN107225210A (zh) * 2017-07-05 2017-10-03 天长市兴宇铸造有限公司 一种铸造蜡模外用涂料及应用该涂料进行制模型壳的方法

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FR1218110A (fr) 1960-05-09
GB913637A (en) 1962-12-19
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CH374150A (de) 1963-12-31
DE1185775B (de) 1965-01-21

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