US319444A - Refrigerator building and chamber - Google Patents

Description

(No ModeL) 2 Sheet-Sheet 1. R. BOGARDUS & W. A. H. BOGARDUS, 2d.

REFRIGERATOR BUILDING AND CHAMBER.

No. 319,444. 4 Patented June 9, 1885.

(No Model.) 2 SheetsSheet 2. R. BOGARDUS 81; W. A. H. BOG-ARDUS,'2d.

REFRIGERATOR BUILDING AND CHAMBER. No. 319,444. Patented June 9-,- 1885. Jig-Z.

N. FFIERS, Fhnlu-Lkhagmphur, Waihinglom D. C.

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nonnnr noo nDus, or ALBANY, NEW YORK, AND WASHINGTON A. H. BOGARDUS, 2D, or CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

REFREGERATQR BUILDING AND CHAEWER.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 319,4Mr, dated June 9. 1855.

Application filed April 15, 1885. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that we, R0131. BOGARDU'S, of Albany, New York, and VVAsHINGToN A. H. BOGARDUS, 2d, of Chicago, Illinois, have in vented new and useful Improvements in Refrigerator Buildings and Chambers, of which the following is a specification.

Our invention relates to improvements in the class of refrigerators wherein ice, or ice and salt, is used as the refrigerant, and where cold metallic surfaces absorb the heat from the air of the cold-storage chamber, the air not being permitted to mingle with the refrigerant, or to any method of refrigeration wherever applicable.

The improvements consist of several de-- vices and combinations,as follows: In the construction of a compartment or ice-tank which is placed over or above the cold provisionchamber, and which is used for the storage of ice. From this compartment or tank there will be no air communication with the com-- partment beneath, the heat being absorbed from the air of the lower chamber through the conducting properties of metallic surfaces. A provision is made to increase the absorption as circumstances require. This arrangement will enable the production of a dry cold air, eitherbya continuous gradual or a rapid intermittent process, or by both combinedin one and the same tank; also to provide for conducting the air from the provision-chamber to and along the cooling surface of the icetank and back into the provisionchamber again through a system of flues constructed, arranged, and provided to conform to the fixed laws that govern the natural elements employed in this process. We specially provide mechanical means for regulating the flow of air through these flues and for insulating with confined air a portion of the tank that is purposely exposed for conduction when required; also for a more general circulation of the air throughout the provision-chamber, and for an increased absorption, which acts as an auxiliary in connection with the general continual action of the ice tank or tanks. We also specially provide for maintaining a more uniform temperature in the provision-chamber of a refrigerator or box when its outer door is open.

Ne illustrate substantially by the drawings I herewith filed the methods we employ to accomplish the objects stated. The drawings are to form part of our specification, each letter denoting the same or similar parts when ever they appear throughout each and every figure.

A denotes the storage or provision chamber of a refrigerator or cold-storage box; B, a compartment or ice-tank; O, the metallic bottom of ice-tank; D, a metallic drip-pan and portion of flue combined; E, a partition or diaphragm in ice-tank; F, door hood or funnel; G, beams or girders; H, stringers of metal,or wood covered with metal; I, drip-pan sheathing and cold storage ceiling combined; J, check-draft or flue-stops; K, gutter in drippan; L, water-discharge pipe from ice-tank; M, leader from drip-pan gutter; N, cold-air flue; O, hand-holes for salting ice-tank; I and P, walls of ice-tank; Q, inner wall of storage-chamber; R, ceiling to storage-chamber; S, ties and bottom-strengthening strips; T, hood or cover over air-flue; U, warm-air flue; V, a section of 0 shown out of position; W, air-flue from door-hood; X, dotted line between dup lex system; Y, space for special icing and salting; Z, ice-tank cover; a, dropextension of flue N.

Figure 1 shows the interior elevation of a tankbox used for cold storage. Fig. 2 is a central longitudinal view of the same. Fig. 3 shows a plain vertical cross-section of the tanks arranged in duplex; the dotted line denotes the intersection, a wall being placed on this line X where but one tank is set. Fig. 4 is an illustration of the door-hood.

To attain the first object we construct a compartment or ice-tank,l3, of a size proportional to that of the chamber A, which is intended.

to be generally kept at a moderately low temperature through a gradual absorption of its heat by the ice stored in B, acting in accordance with the natural laws that govern the process of its liquefaction; hence the economy in ice and labor as well as efficiency are to be considered in proportioning the size of tank B. The bottom of tank B we construct of sheet metal supported and strengthened with metallic stringersH and strips S,a sufficient number of each being used to accomplish the purpose.

' The employment of metal in the construe upper portion of flue N, (this is an impor-.

tant provision,) and also to insurea more positive circulation or diffusion of salt and pickle between its surface and the ice that rests thereon. We also provide for more intense and rapid refrigeration by constructing a partition, E,

in the tank B,so as to form a narrow space,Y, between E and the side I? of the tank B. Provision is made at the bottom of E for drippageand salt to pass under or through into theicestorage proper, B. The diaphragm or partisuitable material,and held in position by any of the means commonly employed for similar purposes.

The width of thespace Y, also the height and length of the partition E, are to be de lermined by the probable requirements of this convenient and efficient auxiliary.

The tank B we properly insulate, except when and where conduction is purposely and expressly provided for. Again, we construct a flue, N, with a long narrow horizontal opening, utilizing the metallic bottom 0 and a portion of the side I of the tank B for the top of the inclined portion, and for one side of the vertical portion of the, flue N. The bottom and other remaining portions of the flue N are constructed of wood' lined with sheet metal, or of sheet metal sheathed with wood or any suitable known material. As the air from the provisionehamber A will deposit its moisture ,on this fluea metallic or metal-lined flue is required. This flue Nfaces and underlies the entire conductingsurface of the tank B. The descending or downward pitch of the flue N from its intersection with the warm-air space or flue Uto and through its lower opening into the chamber Ais an important feature in its design, as the cold air which passes through this flue N is actuated by gravity; hence the requirements are the same as if shotvor marbles were to be substituted for the 'cold air.

To facilitate the displacing of the warm by .cold in the box A, and to provide a more active circulation, we expand or enlarge the lower opening of the warm-air flue U, also the ceilingB of the chamber A we raise to a greater height alongthe line of its intersection with the flueU and pitch it downward toward the exitopening of the cold-air flue N, thus providing for a continual ascension of the converging currents of warm air in their passage to the flue U. (A concave ceiling is applicable to the pur; pose.) This arrangement prevents the warn ilow sphere.

air trapping in pockets-or eddies caused by conflicting currents, and establishes a more uniform circulation through the entire box, which is a special element of merit. \Ve insulate that portion of the Warm-airfiue U which runs in close proximity to. the coldair flue N, so as to prevent the penetration of cold between the flues U and N. We prefer, also, to have the warm air drawn down into the flue N a short distance before coming in contact with the refrigerated metal. Therefore we insulate the tank B in front-of the upper opening I of the flue N, thus preventing a reaction and an impeded flow in flue U. l

The upper and lower openings of the flue N are provided with check-drafts or flue-stops J J, which are hung, slide, or turn on pivots, so as to contract or close the passage through flue N when required. This arrangement serves to regulate the temperature of the box or chamber A, and is also an effective means to economize in ice, for when the cold air is not required in chamber A, closing these shutoffs J J insulates that portion of the tank B from chamber A which is otherwise purposely exposed, and provided to absorb the heat from A; and were it not for this important provision of a dead-air insulation a great quantity of ice would be wasted in useless absorption. v

The'bottom of flue N serves the purpose of a drip-pan, D, a gutter and leader being provided to catch the water and conduct it from the chamber. p

The tank B is provided with a water discharge pipe, L, also a door adapted to the purpose of icing the tank.

' In the general construction either plain or corrugated sheet metal can be used, (galvanized iron being preferred.) For the string ers H we prefer to use T-iron, as greater strength and more condensing and conducting surface are obtained with less weight. It is advisable to .keep the flue N as free from ebstructions as possible; therefore only as many shores or blocks as are actually required to sustain the tank B should be placed therein.

All construction required and not herein specially described and claimed can be done upon the most approved method known to the arts or in general use.

The device illustrated in Fig. 4 is for the purpose of preventing the warm air which rushes into the chamber A when its outer door is open from mingling to as great an extent with the air of this chamber Albefore coming in contact with the cooler. It consists of an inverted-hopper-shaped or concave hood, F, which we construct or place over the outer door of the cold storage-chamber A, projecting from the wall Q inside'the chamber. The hood should be dropped as low as convenience will permit. The hood may,if preferred, be designed similar to a quarter-section of a holof the hood F we construct an air passage or flue, W, communicating with the warm-air From the upper internalportion flue, or with the ice-tank of a refrigerator. The flue W and hood F we construct of wood, metal, or any suitable material used in the art.

To operate our improved refrigerator (which combines the above described devices) the tank or tanks B are filled or supplied with sufficient ice to maintain a certain tempera-- ture in the chamber A for a definite time, (circumstances will determine the quantity of ice to provide for charging the tank or tanks 13,) the flue N is then opened, when the cold air produced in N will flow downward and pass into the chamber A, and warm air from A will pass up into the flue U, thence into the flue N, and therein cooling, will be conducted back to the chamber A. Thus a circulation is established and will be maintained until the temperature in A corresponds with that in the flue N-a condition that is not likely to occur.

To increase the absorbing power of the tank B, salt is placed in the space Y, and through its affinity for water it will work under the partition E and down the inclined bottom 0,

in contact with the ice that rests thereon; and to effect a still greater absorption the space Y is charged with broken ice thoroughly mixed with salt. Provision is made for charging the space Y either from the tank B proper or directly from the outside.

Should the temperature in A run down lower than is required, all or a portion of the flue N should be closed, the shut-offs J J being provided for this purpose, as well as to effect the economy in ice, as previously stated.

The operation of the door hood F and flue W are apparent from the drawings and the description already given.

We are aware that refrigerators have been already constructed wherein ice alone in proportional large quantities is employed to pro duce a moderately low temperature throughout a limited area;but in all such cases that have come to our knowledge the air is cooled by direct contact with the ice; also, that there are freezers Where ice and salt are used as the refrigerant, and whereby the air is cooled either by direct contact with the refrigerant or through metallic conduction, or by these two processes combined; but in no case where the heat is transferred only through metallic conduction are we aware of any provision being made for combining the moderately-m ld and the rapid-intense process of refrigeration in one and the same tank at the same time, as we have declared, illustrated, and described in our I specification; therefore What we claim as novel and useful, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. In a refrigerator, the ice tank or compartment B, having an inclined bottom, 0, combined with flue N, all being arranged substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. In a dry-air refrigerator, the ice tank or compartment 13, having an inclined metallic bottom, 0, and a metallic side, P, combined with flue N, all being arranged as and for the purposes specified.

3. In a dryair refrigerator, the ice tank or compartment B, having an inclined metallic bottom, 0, a metallic side, P, and partition E, combined with fine N, all being constructed and arranged substantially as illustrated and described.

4. In a refrigerator, the flue N, combined with stop-offs or check-drafts J J, arranged to operate substantially as described.

5. I11 a refrigerator, the inclined or concave ceiling R of the storage-chamber A, combined with warm-air flue U, all constructed and arranged substantially as and for the purpose specified.

6. In a refrigerator, the door -hood F and flue W, combined with ice-tank, or with flue U, substantially as and for the purpose described.

7. In a refrigerator, the combination of chamber A, with ceiling It, flue U, flue N, stops J J, ice-tank B, and partition E, all being constructed and arranged to operate conjointly, as and for the purpose specified.

ROBT. BOGARDUS. WASHINGTON A. H. BOGARDUS, 2D.

WVituesses as to signature of Robt. Bogardus:

W. J. GRAY, B. B. GRAY. Witnesses as to signature of Vashington A. H. Bogardus, 2d:

F. BASSINGER, E. A. J Arms.

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