US3191795A - Vacuum insulated vessels - Google Patents

Vacuum insulated vessels Download PDF

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Publication number
US3191795A
US3191795A US303380A US30338063A US3191795A US 3191795 A US3191795 A US 3191795A US 303380 A US303380 A US 303380A US 30338063 A US30338063 A US 30338063A US 3191795 A US3191795 A US 3191795A
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United States
Prior art keywords
container
outer shell
stud
spaced
shield
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US303380A
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English (en)
Inventor
Molnar William
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BOC Group Ltd
Original Assignee
British Oxigen Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of US3191795A publication Critical patent/US3191795A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/086—Mounting arrangements for vessels for Dewar vessels or cryostats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/01—Reinforcing or suspension means
    • F17C2203/014—Suspension means

Definitions

  • vacuum insulated vessels comprise an inner container for the liquid and an outer shell mounted in spaced relationship with respect to the inner container, the space between the container and the shell being evacuated.
  • the vacuum space serves as a barrier against access of heat from the exterior to the container and in order further to reduce the ingress of heat it has been proposed to mount one or more radiation shields within the vacuum space.
  • radiation shield as used herein is meant an element of thin sheet material, the surface of which has a high reflectivity for heat radiation, the sheet being spaced from but shaped to follow the contour of the inner container and substantially to surround it.
  • the radiation shield like the outer shell, is usually suspended from the neck of the inner container.
  • the material of the radiation shield must itself be of low heat capacity and have a highly reflective surface. It may consist f metal foil, such as aluminium or copper or it may consist of a non-metallic film or fabric coated with a highly reflecting metal. All such materials lack rigidity and, when used as a radiation shield in a vacuum insulated vessel, there is risk of damage and of the shield becoming displaced or distorted and moving into contact with the wall of the inner container or outer shell or with another shield if, as is usual, more than one such shield is provided in the vacuum space. Such damage or displacement impairs the heat insulating properties of the vessel and the impairment is of particular disadvantage in cases where the vessel is used for the storage of very low boiling point gases such as liquid helium or liquid hydrogen.
  • the supporting spider member may be formed from thread, cord or wire, of plastics or metallic material of low heat conductivity, such as polyethylene terephthalate or nylon, stainless or titanium.
  • FIG. 1 is a view in diagrammatic sectional side elevation of the complete vacuum insulated vessel.
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view on a larger scale showing the lower end of the vessel of FIG. 1 and
  • FIG. 3 is a sectional plan view showing a ring for use in attachment of the supporting and restraining spider.
  • the vessel shown in FIG. 1 comprises an inner container 1 usually of general cylindrical form having an elongated neck portion 2 extending from its upper region, and an outer shell 3 surrounding and spaced from the body of the inner container 1.
  • the shell 3 is formed with a neck at its upper end the extremity of which is sealed as at 3a in FIG. 1 to the exterior of the neck 2 of the container 1.
  • the walls of the container 1 and shell 3 define a vacuum space 4 between them.
  • two radiation shields 5 and 6 of such a form as to surround the container 1 and a large and preferably major portion of the neck 2 of the container 1.
  • the shields 5 and 6 are spaced from both the container 1 and the shell 3 and also from one another, and as shown in this example they may be formed with necks 7 and 8, the extremities of which are attached as at 7a and 8a in FIG. 1 directly to the exterior of the neck 2 of the container 1. Any convenient method of attaching the ends of the necks of the radiation shields 5 and 6 to the neck 2 of the container 1 may be employed, but it is desirable to employ a connection which provides good heat conduction, and soldering or brazing are at present preferred.
  • the shields 5 and 6 may be formed of a variety of materials having a high thermal conductivity and a surface of high reflectivity for heat radiation, and as examples may be mentioned polished metal foil such as aluminium or copper foil.
  • the radiation shields 5 and 6 at their lower ends are supported upon and located by spider members 9 (FIG. 1) formed by loops 1!) of polyethylene terephthalate thread extending radially between the centre of the bottom wall of a shield and the adjacent wall of the inner container 1, or of the shell 3, or of an adjacent radiation shield.
  • a locating stud 11 is afiixed to the centre of the underside of the bottom wall of the container 1, e.g. by soft soldering, and a cup 12 is arranged to receive the stud 11.
  • a ring 13, f the form shown in FIG. 3, having three uniformly distributed indentations 14, is aflixed in a concentric position to the upper surface of the bottom wall of the innermost radiation shield 5, e.g. by soldering.
  • the spider member 9 is completed by looping the thread about the cup 12 and through the indentations 14 of the ring 13 (FIG. 2).
  • a similar stud 11 and cup 12 are provided centrally at the underside of the bottom wall of the inner radiation shield 5, for use in conjunction with a similar ring 13 soldered to the upper surface of the bottom wall of the outer radiation shield 6, to permit a similar supporting and locating spider member 9 to be completed, with thread, between the inner and outer shields 5 and 6.
  • a similar stud 11 and cup 12 are provided centrally at the underside of the bottom wall of the outer radiation shield 6 for use in conjunction with a similar ring 13 soldered to the inner surface of the bottom Wall of the shell 3, to permit a similar supporting and locating spider member 9 to be formed between the outer shield 6 and the shell 3.
  • the improved construction otters the advantage that the thickness of the neck 2 may be made smaller than hitherto deemed necessary, since the maintenance of correct location of the radiation shields is no longer dependent exclusively upon the rigidity of the neck 2. This reduction in thickness also results in a reduction in loss of refrigeration by conduction along and radiation at amass It will be understood that the radiation shields are not required to be and indeed cannot be vacuum tight, in view of the need to be able to evacuate the vacuum space.
  • the radiation shields themselves may be apertured for the passage and anchoring of the spider-forming threads and provided the total area of such holes does not exceed more than about 0.1% of the total area of the shield, the holes are without appreciable effect upon the refrigeration performance of the vessel.
  • the spaces within the vacuum space surrounding and between the radiation shields may if desired be filled with material of a kind adapted to impede the flow of heat by conduction and such material may assist the spider members in supporting and locating the radiation shields.
  • a vacuum insulated storage and transport vessel having an inner container provided with a neck portion for filling with low boiling point liquefied gases, an outer-shell surounding and spaced from said container and connected therewith at said neck portion in fluid-tight manner to define therewith a vacuum space between the container and the outer shell, and at least one radiation shield suspended from said neck portion
  • means for preventing side-sway of the radiation shield within the vacuum space comprising a stud fixed on the bottom external face of the shield extending axially therefrom at its center and spaced axially above the bottom of the outer shell, a cup seated on and housing the stud, a rigid ring concentric with said stud and fixedly attached to the inner face of the outer shell bottom, and at least three flexible threads of low heat conductivity and material other than elastic extending radially in equidistant circumferential spaced relation oetween the ring and the cup in connection with each and operative to hold said cup and
  • a vacuum insulated storage and transport vessel having an inner container provided with a neck portion for filling with low boiling point liquefied gases, an outer shell surrounding and spaced from said container and connected therewith at said neck portion in fluid-tight manner to define therewith a vacuum space between the container and the outer shell, and at least one radiation shield suspended from said neck portion within said vacuum space surrounding and spaced from said container: means for preventing relative side-sway between said inner container and the radiation shield; said means comprising a stud fixed on the bottom external face of the inner container extending axially therefrom at its center and spaced axially above the shield bottom, a cup seated on and housing the stud, a rigid ring concentric with said stud and fixedly attached to the inner face of the shield bottom, and atrleast three flexible threads of low heat conductivity and material other than elastic extending radially in equidistant circumferential spaced relation between the ring and the cup in connection with each and operative to hold said cup and stud against radial displacement.
  • a vacuum insulated storage and transport vessel having an inner container provided with a neck portion for filling with low boiling point liquefied gases, an outer shell surrounding and spaced from said container and connected therewith at said neck portion in fluid-tight manner to define therewith a vacuum space between the container and the outer shell, and a plurality of spaced apart concentric radiation shields suspended from said neck portion within said vacuum space surrounding and spaced from said container: means for preventing sidesway of all said radiation shields and the container; said means comprising a stud fixed on the bottom external face of the container and a similar stud fixed on the bottom external fiace on each radiation shield, a cup seated on each stud and housing the same, all said studs extending axially on the center axis of the vessel and each cup being spaced axially above the bottom of the next outer one of the radiation shields and outer shell, the inner bottom faces of the Outer shell and the radiation shields each having fixedly attached thereto a rigid ring concentric with said studs, and at least three flexible thread

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US303380A 1962-08-31 1963-08-20 Vacuum insulated vessels Expired - Lifetime US3191795A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB33608/62A GB969821A (en) 1962-08-31 1962-08-31 Vacuum insulated vessels

Publications (1)

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US3191795A true US3191795A (en) 1965-06-29

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US303380A Expired - Lifetime US3191795A (en) 1962-08-31 1963-08-20 Vacuum insulated vessels

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US3191795A (xx)
DE (1) DE1230048B (xx)
GB (1) GB969821A (xx)
NL (1) NL296903A (xx)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3425585A (en) * 1967-05-24 1969-02-04 Process Eng Inc Support system for cryogenic containers
US3446388A (en) * 1966-04-15 1969-05-27 Ryan Ind Inc Cryogenic tank support means
US3514006A (en) * 1966-05-19 1970-05-26 British Oxygen Co Ltd Vacuum insulated vessels
US4918927A (en) * 1989-09-06 1990-04-24 Harsco Corporation Cryogenic liquid container
US5063651A (en) * 1978-02-21 1991-11-12 Varian Associates, Inc. Method of manufacturing a low emissivity liquid nitrogen dewar
US20060288731A1 (en) * 2005-03-23 2006-12-28 Siemens Magnet Technology Ltd. Method and apparatus for maintaining a system at cryogenic temperatures over an extended period without active refrigeration
US20070102433A1 (en) * 2003-07-02 2007-05-10 Laurent Allidieres Cryogenic fluid tank and use in a motor vehicle
US20090090725A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2009-04-09 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for Producing a Reservoir and the Thus Obtained Reservoir
US20160137272A1 (en) * 2013-06-19 2016-05-19 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Double-shell tank and liquefied gas carrier ship

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1601908B1 (de) * 1968-02-13 1969-11-06 Max Planck Gesellschaft Vorrichtung zur Kuehlung von Strahlungsschutzschilden in Behaeltern und Apparaturen,welche als Kuehlmedium tiefsiedende Fluessigkeiten aufnehmen

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1607071A (en) * 1924-02-27 1926-11-16 Gleason C Roy Insulated container
GB492508A (en) * 1938-02-25 1938-09-21 Alfred Astley Crates, boxes or cartons suitable for holding articles of a fragile nature
US2643022A (en) * 1947-08-15 1953-06-23 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Radiation shield supports in vacuum insulated containers
US2863297A (en) * 1955-03-29 1958-12-09 Herrick L Johnston Inc Method and apparatus for storing liquified gases
US2925934A (en) * 1957-11-26 1960-02-23 Lox Equip Support means for the movable end of a vessel

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB899849A (en) * 1961-02-15 1962-06-27 Philip Leonard Spencer Thermal insulating containers

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1607071A (en) * 1924-02-27 1926-11-16 Gleason C Roy Insulated container
GB492508A (en) * 1938-02-25 1938-09-21 Alfred Astley Crates, boxes or cartons suitable for holding articles of a fragile nature
US2643022A (en) * 1947-08-15 1953-06-23 Union Carbide & Carbon Corp Radiation shield supports in vacuum insulated containers
US2863297A (en) * 1955-03-29 1958-12-09 Herrick L Johnston Inc Method and apparatus for storing liquified gases
US2925934A (en) * 1957-11-26 1960-02-23 Lox Equip Support means for the movable end of a vessel

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3446388A (en) * 1966-04-15 1969-05-27 Ryan Ind Inc Cryogenic tank support means
US3514006A (en) * 1966-05-19 1970-05-26 British Oxygen Co Ltd Vacuum insulated vessels
US3481505A (en) * 1967-05-24 1969-12-02 Process Eng Inc Support system for cryogenic containers (1)
US3425585A (en) * 1967-05-24 1969-02-04 Process Eng Inc Support system for cryogenic containers
US5063651A (en) * 1978-02-21 1991-11-12 Varian Associates, Inc. Method of manufacturing a low emissivity liquid nitrogen dewar
US4918927A (en) * 1989-09-06 1990-04-24 Harsco Corporation Cryogenic liquid container
US8047395B2 (en) * 2003-07-02 2011-11-01 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Cryogenic fluid tank and use in a motor vehicle
US20070102433A1 (en) * 2003-07-02 2007-05-10 Laurent Allidieres Cryogenic fluid tank and use in a motor vehicle
US20060288731A1 (en) * 2005-03-23 2006-12-28 Siemens Magnet Technology Ltd. Method and apparatus for maintaining a system at cryogenic temperatures over an extended period without active refrigeration
US7497086B2 (en) * 2005-03-23 2009-03-03 Siemens Magnet Technology Ltd. Method and apparatus for maintaining apparatus at cryogenic temperatures over an extended period without active refrigeration
US20090090725A1 (en) * 2005-11-10 2009-04-09 L'air Liquide Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et L'exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Method for Producing a Reservoir and the Thus Obtained Reservoir
US20160137272A1 (en) * 2013-06-19 2016-05-19 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Double-shell tank and liquefied gas carrier ship
US10207775B2 (en) * 2013-06-19 2019-02-19 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Double-shell tank and liquefied gas carrier ship

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL296903A (xx)
GB969821A (en) 1964-09-16
DE1230048B (de) 1966-12-08

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