US3189338A - Apparatus for controlling buckle in heated steel billets - Google Patents

Apparatus for controlling buckle in heated steel billets Download PDF

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Publication number
US3189338A
US3189338A US168970A US16897062A US3189338A US 3189338 A US3189338 A US 3189338A US 168970 A US168970 A US 168970A US 16897062 A US16897062 A US 16897062A US 3189338 A US3189338 A US 3189338A
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United States
Prior art keywords
furnace
billet
billets
pusher bars
end wall
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US168970A
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English (en)
Inventor
Paul E Smith
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Industry Inc
Original Assignee
Morgan Construction Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Morgan Construction Co filed Critical Morgan Construction Co
Priority to US168970A priority Critical patent/US3189338A/en
Priority to GB1193/63A priority patent/GB995297A/en
Priority to DEM55430A priority patent/DE1228646B/de
Priority to FR922577A priority patent/FR1345451A/fr
Priority to BE627498D priority patent/BE627498A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3189338A publication Critical patent/US3189338A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/0024—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge of metallic workpieces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0081—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for slabs; for billets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/14—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment
    • F27B9/20—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace
    • F27B9/22—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity characterised by the path of the charge during treatment; characterised by the means by which the charge is moved during treatment the charge moving in a substantially straight path tunnel furnace on rails, e.g. under the action of scrapers or pushers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/38—Arrangements of devices for charging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D3/04—Ram or pusher apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/04—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails
    • C21D9/06—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails with diminished tendency to become wavy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B9/00—Furnaces through which the charge is moved mechanically, e.g. of tunnel type; Similar furnaces in which the charge moves by gravity
    • F27B9/30—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to furnaces of these types
    • F27B9/38—Arrangements of devices for charging
    • F27B2009/386—Lateral intake or outtake
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
    • F27D1/0043—Floors, hearths
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0034—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
    • F27D2003/0042—Means for moving, conveying, transporting the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities comprising roller trains
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
    • F27D2003/0085—Movement of the container or support of the charge in the furnace or in the charging facilities
    • F27D2003/0097—Advancement along an axis perpendicular to the axis of the workpiece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
    • F27M2001/00—Composition, conformation or state of the charge
    • F27M2001/15—Composition, conformation or state of the charge characterised by the form of the articles
    • F27M2001/1539—Metallic articles
    • F27M2001/1547—Elongated articles, e.g. beams, rails
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27M—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS OF THE CHARGES OR FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS
    • F27M2001/00—Composition, conformation or state of the charge
    • F27M2001/15—Composition, conformation or state of the charge characterised by the form of the articles
    • F27M2001/1539—Metallic articles
    • F27M2001/1547—Elongated articles, e.g. beams, rails
    • F27M2001/1552—Billets, slabs

Definitions

  • This invention relates generally to an apparatus and method for traversing a steel billet across a holding furnace hearth and more particularly to a method and apparatus for preventing buckling of a heated billet during the push-out operation.
  • One of the methods now in use in the steel industry to convey a plurality of individually charged billets across a furnace hearth is the use of a broadwise actuated ram mechanism which will engage each of the individual billet member as they are endwise inserted at one end of the furnace. Repeated cycling of the ram mechanism forces the billet broadside a distance sufficient to allow a second billet to be endwise charged to take the place thereof. Repeated cycling of the ram mechanism forces the aligned billet members across the furnace hearth to the opposite end thereof where a push-out arm acts on the end of the billet to eject the heated billet from thefurnace. This method has proven entirely satisfactory as long as billet lengths are kept under 35 foot lengths.
  • these billets normally are dimensioned 2%" x 2% x 88 feet, they have a weight of approximately 2000 lbs., and any buckle which takes place within the furnace area itself causes extreme difiiculty which may require the shut-down of the furnace until the cobble can be removed. As these billets are normally heated to approximately 2100 F. buckling may cause a fusion of the cobbled member to other billets so that the entire furnace load is rendered unfit for further processing and must be discarded.
  • a holding furnace having a plurality of pusher bars extending through one end wall thereof and connected to a central drive mechanism located externally of the furnace so that each of the pusher arms extends inwardly at varying distances from the end wall of the furnace with the outermost ends extending inwardly a greater distance from the end wall than those toward the center line.
  • the free ends of the pusher bars present a curvilinear line which travels through a constant lateral path in response to the movement of the central drive mechanism.
  • FIG. 1 is a top plan view partly in section of the furnace embodying features of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view in section taken on line 2--2 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a view in section taken on line 33 of FIG. 1.
  • the furnace construction 19 is of the conventional type having end walls 12 and 14 and side walls 16 and 18.
  • the side wall 16 has an aperture 20 formed therein adjacent the end wall 12 and adapted to receive a billet 22 which is presented endwise by an arm 24 of charging mechanism 26.
  • the charging mechanism 26 is of the reciprocating type and is adapted to linearly travel along rollers 28 which are driven by a motor 30 through a suitable reduction gear 32 to aid in conveying the billet 22 to the interior of the furnace 10.
  • a similar aperture 34 is formed adapted to receive a push-out arm 36 which is actuated through a suitable reciprocating mechanisrn 38 and which serves to eject the billet after it has travelled across the hearth 40 of the holding furnace 10.
  • a push-out arm 36 which is actuated through a suitable reciprocating mechanisrn 38 and which serves to eject the billet after it has travelled across the hearth 40 of the holding furnace 10.
  • another aperture 42 On the opposing side wall 18 adjacent the end wall 14, and in alignment with the aperture 34 is another aperture 42 which allows discharge of a billet fr'om the furnace where it is channelled by guide means 44 to roll stand 46 which lies directly in the path of further rod processing equipment (not shown).
  • a reciprocating ram mechanism 48 including a motor 5t) and a reduction gear 52 which drives a longitudinally extending shaft 54 coupled at the ends to transversely extending arms 56 and 58.
  • the arms 56 and 58 are adapted for movement by means of gearing 59 which converts the rotary motion of the shaft 54 into linear motion along a plane normal to the end wall 12.
  • gearing 59 which converts the rotary motion of the shaft 54 into linear motion along a plane normal to the end wall 12.
  • the arms 56 and 58 are secured to a longitudinally extending bar member 60 which is adapted for corresponding movement therewith.
  • a plurality of pusher bars 62 which move in the same direction as the arm members 56 and 58 are connected at one end to the bar member 60 and adapted to ride on suitable bearings 64.
  • a plurality of corresponding apertures 66 are formed in the end wall 12 in axial alignment with the pusher bars 62 to permit the entry of the pusher arms within the interior of the furnace 10.
  • the pusher bars 62 are of different lengths with the shorter bars situated substantially at the center of the end wall 12 and the bars extending on either side of the center bar incrementally longer than the preceding bars so that the outermost bars extend inwardly a greater distance from the interior edge 67 of the end wall 12 than the centermost arms. In this manner a line'drawn connecting the free ends 68 of the pusher arms 62 will define an arcuate path.
  • FIG. 2 there is shown a cross sectional elevation of the furnace illustrating the hearth 4t having a concave shape so that the center portion 7% curves downwardly from theportions 72 and 74 which are adjacent the side walls 16 and 18.
  • the action of the charging arm 36 on the end of the billet 22 to eject the billet from the furnace through the opening 44 so that it may ,be picked up by the guide 44 for delivery to the roll stand 46 is thereby shown.
  • FIG. 3 there is shown an enlarged view in section of the pusher bars 62 extending through the end wall 12 before the pusher bars have been actuated by the operating mechanism 48 and illustrate the billet 22 in position to receive a broadside thrust from the pusher bars 62.
  • the billets 22 are charged into the furnace by the charging arm 24 so as to lie at a position which is spaced from the end wall 12.
  • the motor 50 operating through the reduction gear 52 rotates the shaft 54 to impart a transverse motion to the arms 56 and 58 which in turn moves the pusher bars 62 by means of the longitudinally extending bar member 66 so that each of the bar members 62 moves simultaneously with each other to impart a broadside motion to the billets 22.
  • the outermost pusher bars 62 make contact with the billet member first, forming the billet into an arcuate shape and at the same time pushing it away from the end wall 12.
  • the charging mechanism 26 As successive billets are presented by the charging mechanism 26 they are similarly acted upon by the pusher bar 62 and impart a thrust to previously charged billets which have already been transversely moved along the furnace hearth floor 40.
  • the hearth 40 having a concave configuration allows the billet 22 to curve downwardly at the center portion so that the ends 76 and 78 are in a higher plane than the center portion.
  • the broadwise force exerted on each newly presented billet 22 by the pusher bars 62 is also imparted to the billets already in the furnace until the furnace is fully charged.
  • the push-out arm 36 is synchronously timed with the charging mechanism 26 to eject the billet after it has passed across the hearth.
  • the billet 22 after passing across the furnace hearth has been raised to a temperature in the range of 2100 and as the push-out arm 36 acts on the end of the billet to eject it from the furnace the billet has a pre-disposition to buckle in the direction of the concave surfaces.
  • the billet is prevented from buckling by the weight of the successively horizontal stacked billets which extend in the direction of the concavity and also by the force exerted on them by the pusher bars 62.
  • the hearth 40 may be inclined upwardly from the'rear Wall 12 toward the front wall 14, as shown in FIG. 3 in broken lines.
  • the billet 22 also has a tendency to buckle downwardly due to the arcuate formation presented to it by the formation of the concave hearth but is resisted from doing so by the 'hearth itself. Consequently, any tendency of the billet to buckle in the direction of either of its arcuate formations is prevented, and since the billet would have to overcome the deformation of the center position and go beyond a straight linear dimension before it could buckle either upwardly or in a direction opposite to its horizontal deformation, buckling of the billet during the ejection stage is circumvented.
  • a ram mechanism utilizing pusher bars having varying lengths to impart an arcuate formation to the billet length and having a hearth which also allows a downward arcuate formation to the bar member permits the use of billets which are in excess of 35 feet without the danger of buckling during the push-out operation.
  • Apparatus for conveying a plurality of billets through a furnace having side and end walls said apparatus including means for successively charging one end of the furnace with billets, a reciprocating ram mechanism having a plurality of laterally spaced pusher bars of varying lengths extending into said furnace through one end wall thereof with the outermost pusher bars extending inwardly a greater distance from said end wall than the innermost pusher bars, means for imparting motion to said ram mechanism so that said pusher bars exert a force on each billet normal to its greater dimension, and push-out means acting on one end of the billet and disposed adjacent the opposite end wall of said furnace to remove individual billets from the furnace.
  • Apparatus for traversing billets across a furnace hearth having side and end walls said apparatus including means for successively charging one end of said furnace with individual billets presented endwise through a side wall of the furnace, a reciprocating ram mechanism adjacent one end wall of the furnace having a plurality of laterally spaced pusher bars with end portions extending within said furnace, said pusher bars being of varying lengths so that the end portions define an arcuate line relative to the end wall, means for imparting motion to said ram mechanism so that said pusher bars exert a force on each billet normal to its greater dimension and push-out means extending through said side wall adjacent the opposite end wall to eject the billets from said furnace.
  • furnace hearth has a concave configuration with the area adjacent the side walls having a higher elevation than the center section.
  • Apparatus for conveying a plurality of billets through a furnace having side and end walls said apparatus including means for successively charging endwise presented billets into one end of the furnace, a plurality of laterally spaced pusher bars of varying lengths extending through one end wall of said furnace with the outermost pusher bars extending inwardly a greater distance from said end wall than the innermost pusher bars, means acting on said pusher bars to direct them normal to the greater dimension of said billets, the hearth surface of said furnace having a concave configuration with the area adjacent to the side walls at a higher elevation than the center section, said furnace hearth sloping upwardly from said one end wall of the furnace to the other end wall and pusher means adjacent said other end wall adapted to eject said billets from the furnace.
  • a heating furnace for metal billets comprising side walls, front and rear walls, and a hearth sloping upwardly from the rear wall to the front wall, said hearth having a concave surface with the area adjacent the side walls having a higher elevation than the center section, means for successively charging endwise presented billets through one apertured side wall adjacent the rear wall, a plurality of laterally spaced pusher bars extending through the rear wall into said furnace, means for imparting a motion to said pusher bars normal to the greater dimension of said billets, the end portions of each of said pusher bars disposed Within said furnace and spaced from the rear Wall at varying distances so that the centermost end portion is closest to the rear wall and the pusher bar end portions on either side thereof are spaced incrementally a greater distance from said rear Wall, and push-out means extending through said one side Wall adjacent the front end Wall adapted to eject said billets from the furnace.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
US168970A 1962-01-26 1962-01-26 Apparatus for controlling buckle in heated steel billets Expired - Lifetime US3189338A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US168970A US3189338A (en) 1962-01-26 1962-01-26 Apparatus for controlling buckle in heated steel billets
GB1193/63A GB995297A (en) 1962-01-26 1963-01-10 Method and apparatus for controlling buckle in heated steel billets
DEM55430A DE1228646B (de) 1962-01-26 1963-01-15 Verfahren und Vorrichtung fuer den Transport von Knueppeln durch einen Stossofen
FR922577A FR1345451A (fr) 1962-01-26 1963-01-24 Procédé et appareil pour empêcher le flambage de billettes d'acier chauffées
BE627498D BE627498A (it) 1962-01-26 1963-01-24

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US168970A US3189338A (en) 1962-01-26 1962-01-26 Apparatus for controlling buckle in heated steel billets

Publications (1)

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US3189338A true US3189338A (en) 1965-06-15

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US168970A Expired - Lifetime US3189338A (en) 1962-01-26 1962-01-26 Apparatus for controlling buckle in heated steel billets

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US (1) US3189338A (it)
BE (1) BE627498A (it)
DE (1) DE1228646B (it)
FR (1) FR1345451A (it)
GB (1) GB995297A (it)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108622621A (zh) * 2018-07-03 2018-10-09 江苏丰东热技术有限公司 一种双向推拉车

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3443937C2 (de) * 1984-12-01 1994-02-24 Dudweiler Untertage Masch Einrichtung zum Querverschieben von stabförmigem oder blockförmigem Walzgut, insbesondere bei der Ofenbeschickung

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2616679A (en) * 1949-03-31 1952-11-04 Morgan Construction Co Furnace for heating metal bars
US3055650A (en) * 1960-04-15 1962-09-25 Morgan Construction Co Apparatus for the heating of billets and the like

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB120225A (en) * 1917-08-01 1918-11-01 Stein And Atkinson Ltd Improvements in Means or Apparatus for use in, or in connection with, the Manipulation of Blooms, Billets, Ingots or the like.
FR702084A (fr) * 1930-04-26 1931-03-28 Scovill Manufacturing Co Appareil d'amenage et de chauffage de billettes
DE888407C (de) * 1943-12-15 1953-08-31 Siemens Ag Beschickungseinrichtung fuer Stossoefen
DE948937C (de) * 1950-12-28 1956-09-06 Eugen Siempelkamp Maschine, wie Presse, Schere od. dgl., mit Druck- bzw. Presswerkzeugen, wie Prestischen, Druckbalken und einer Einrichtung zur Parallel-Fuehrung der Werkzeuge
DE1008764B (de) * 1954-07-08 1957-05-23 Kloeckner Bergbau Victor Icker Knueppeleinstossmaschine mit nebeneinander angeordneten gleichzeitig betaetigten Zylindern
US2858122A (en) * 1955-03-03 1958-10-28 York Engineering & Constructio Conveying apparatus
DE1024541B (de) * 1955-11-26 1958-02-20 Kloeckner Bergbau Victor Icker Vorrichtung an Stossoefen zur Einfuehrung von Waermgut symmetrisch zur Ofenmittelachse

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2616679A (en) * 1949-03-31 1952-11-04 Morgan Construction Co Furnace for heating metal bars
US3055650A (en) * 1960-04-15 1962-09-25 Morgan Construction Co Apparatus for the heating of billets and the like

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108622621A (zh) * 2018-07-03 2018-10-09 江苏丰东热技术有限公司 一种双向推拉车

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB995297A (en) 1965-06-16
FR1345451A (fr) 1963-12-06
DE1228646B (de) 1966-11-17
BE627498A (it) 1963-05-16

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