US3186699A - Apparatus for the hardening and tempering of workpieces - Google Patents

Apparatus for the hardening and tempering of workpieces Download PDF

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Publication number
US3186699A
US3186699A US223217A US22321762A US3186699A US 3186699 A US3186699 A US 3186699A US 223217 A US223217 A US 223217A US 22321762 A US22321762 A US 22321762A US 3186699 A US3186699 A US 3186699A
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United States
Prior art keywords
workpiece
quenching
temperature
tempering
hardening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US223217A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gronegress Hans Wilhelm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Firma Paul Ferd Peddinghaus
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Firma Paul Ferd Peddinghaus
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Application filed by Firma Paul Ferd Peddinghaus filed Critical Firma Paul Ferd Peddinghaus
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C21D1/10—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation by electric induction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • Jn venlar Hing Uillnlm Gn'v'na ran m emm Jim 6' "Talon June 1, 1965.
  • apparatus for surface hardening metallic workpieces by a quenching and tempering operation comprises a heating device (which, for example, consists of one or more hardening burners, induction coils or the like), a quenching spray spaced from the heating device, an after-cooling spray arranged on the side of the quenching spray remote from the heating device and at an adjustable distance from the quenching spray and means for imparting relative movement between the apparatus and the workpiece to move the workpiece successively past the heating device and the two sprays.
  • a heating device which, for example, consists of one or more hardening burners, induction coils or the like
  • an after-cooling spray arranged on the side of the quenching spray remote from the heating device and at an adjustable distance from the quenching spray and means for imparting relative movement between the apparatus and the workpiece to move the workpiece successively past the heating device and the two sprays.
  • the after-cooling spray arranged at an appropriate distance after the quenching spray enables the otherwise necessary separate tempering process to be dispensed with ecause after the incomplete quenching action of the first spray, the core of the workpiece still contains sufiicient heat to ensure that during the further movement of the work-piece in question until it reaches the after-cooling spray this heat travels to the surface of the quenched workpiece and brings the surface to the required tempering temperature.
  • the tempering temperature can be varied over a comparatively wide range by variation of the distance between the two sprays, the distance being relatively short in order to obtain a low tempering temperature while it is made correspondingly larger for higher tempering temperatures.
  • the after-cooling spray is advantageously disposed on a slide adjustable in the direction of feed of the workpiece to be hardened.
  • the distance regulation between the two sprays is effected automatically by means of a pyrometer or other temperature radiation measuring instrument which monitors the tempering temperature of the workpiece to be hardened.
  • the measuring beam of the temperature measuring instrument is aimed at a place situated in front of the after-cooling spray, known electrical control and drive means being provided so that the measuring instrument can automatically adjust the slide carrying the after-cooling spray.
  • the adjustment is made in dependence on the workpiece temperature, so that the distance between the two sprays is automatically increased if the required tempering temperature is not obtained, while the distance is reduced if the temperature is exceeded.
  • the temperature measuring instrument prefferably be movable together with the slide bearing the after-cooling spray, and for the slide to be driven by a motor controlled by the measuring instrument.
  • the combined mobility of the temperatureinstrurnent and the slide bearing the after-cooling spray ensures that the part the'workpiece to be monitored is always at a definite distance in front of the after-cooling spray, so that the control and adjusting movements can be controlled more satisfactorily and simply.
  • FIGURE 1 is a general arrangement of one form of apparatus; and p FIGURES 2 and 3 show two further forms of the apparatus.
  • the apparatus comprises a burner 1, a quenching spray 4 situated after the heater in the direction 2 in which a workpiece 3 is fed, and an after-cooling spray 5 which is disposed at a distance a from the spray 4.
  • the burner 1 raises the workpiece 3 to be hardened to the hardening temperature.
  • the a following quenching spray 4 is so operated that the Workpiece passing it at its hardening temperature is-only incompletely quenched.
  • the workpiece 3 may equally well be stationary and the surface-hardening apparatus comprising the burner 1 and the two sprays 4 and 5 be moved over the workpiece. This latter method of operation is preferable, particularly if the workpieces to be hardened are extremely long.
  • the relative movement may also be obtained by simultaneous and appropriately adapted feed movements of both the workpiece 3 and the hardening apparatus.
  • the quenching spray 4 is constructed in the form of an annular spray surrounding the workpiece 3.
  • the after-cooling spray 5 is disposed on a slide 6 which is adjustable'in position in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece 3 within the range 7 shown in chain-dotted lines,
  • a drive 8 is used for this purpose and acts ona driver pin 12 of the slide 6 by way of a pinion 9 and a swivel arm 10 containing a slot 11.
  • the apparatus is also provided with a pyronieter 13.
  • This measuring instrument is preferably rigidly connected to the slide carrying the after-cooling spray 5 so that it participates in its adjustment movements.
  • the measuring beam 14 is aimed at a part 15 of the workpiece 3 situated immediately in front of the after-cooling spray so that the tempering temperature can be measured at that place.
  • the measuring instrument 13 is connected to the drive 8 by control means (not shown but indicated by the line 16) so that the drive automatically adjusts the slide 6 in dependence on the measured workpiece or tempering temperature at the place 15.
  • the slide 6 is moved farther away from the quenching spray 4, i.e. the distance a is increased, while conversely if'the required tempering temperature is exceeded the distance a is reduced by appropriate displacement of the slide 6.
  • FIGURE-3 differs from that shown in FIGURE 2 substantially only in'that in this example adjustment 'of' the slide 6 is obtained not by oscillating drive, but bya motor 17 which acts on' the driver pin'12 of the slide 6 by way of a screw-threaded shaft 18, a nut 19 and an arm 20 rigidly fixed to the nut.
  • the motor 17 can be controlled automatically through a control 16'by the pyrometer 13 moni-. toring the part of the workpiece 3.
  • the workpiece may be prequenching means rearwardly of saidheating means in said direction for subsequently quenching said surface to a temperature below a predetermined tempering temperature and displaceable relatively to said workpiece in step with said heating means; after-cooling means rearwardly of said quenching means in said direction for cooling said surface upon the temperature thereof exceeding said predetermined tempering temperature upon reheating of said surface by heat retained in said workpiece subsequent to the partial quenching thereof; temperature-responsivedetecting means trained on said surface rearwardly of said quenching means; and mechanism controlled by 'said detecting means forv continuously and automatically adjustheated to about 300 to 600 C.
  • Such pre-heating can be produced by conventional means, for example by pre-heating burners or else, in a suitably constructed furnace; V 7
  • pre-heating burners or else, in a suitably constructed furnace; V 7
  • the parts of the hardening apparatus. are advantageously disposed on a common frame which is moved along the workpiece axis, the slide 6 which bears the after-cooling spray 5 being mounted so that it-is adjustable in position on the frame in order to adjust the distance a.
  • I claim: t 1 An apparatus for the surface-hardening and tempering of a metallic workpiece, comprising heating means displaceable relatively to said workpiece for substantially uninterruptedly and progressively heating said workpiece to a temperature sufiicient to harden a surface thereof upon relative displacement of said workpiece and said heating means in a predetermined direction; partial tempering effect required between the'two sprays 4 and 5 ing the distancebetween said after-cooling means and said quenching means.
  • An apparatus as defined in claim ⁇ further com"- prising a slide shiftable along said surface of said workpiece and carrying said after-cooling means and said detectingmeans, said mechanism including reversible motor means for adjustably controlledly shifting said slidein response. to the temperature sensed by said detecting means.
  • reversible motor means is provided with a'lead'screw operativelyconnected with said slide.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
US223217A 1961-09-26 1962-09-12 Apparatus for the hardening and tempering of workpieces Expired - Lifetime US3186699A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DEP0027932 1961-09-26

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3186699A true US3186699A (en) 1965-06-01

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US223217A Expired - Lifetime US3186699A (en) 1961-09-26 1962-09-12 Apparatus for the hardening and tempering of workpieces

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US3186699A (de)
DE (1) DE1408965A1 (de)
GB (1) GB938251A (de)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5100111A (en) * 1989-06-19 1992-03-31 Leybold Aktiengesellschaft Device for the detection of the temperature course of a metal or metal alloy melt using measurement techniques
US20210071953A1 (en) * 2019-09-11 2021-03-11 Quantum IR Technologies, LLC Rotary kiln thermal monitoring and cooling systems

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113621767B (zh) * 2021-08-19 2023-04-28 十堰高周波科工贸有限公司 一种智能化热处理生产线

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2215576A (en) * 1936-05-23 1940-09-24 Linde Air Prod Co Control system for hardening and similar operations
US2382515A (en) * 1943-06-29 1945-08-14 Air Reduction Progressive surface hardening and tempering of metal

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2215576A (en) * 1936-05-23 1940-09-24 Linde Air Prod Co Control system for hardening and similar operations
US2382515A (en) * 1943-06-29 1945-08-14 Air Reduction Progressive surface hardening and tempering of metal

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5100111A (en) * 1989-06-19 1992-03-31 Leybold Aktiengesellschaft Device for the detection of the temperature course of a metal or metal alloy melt using measurement techniques
US20210071953A1 (en) * 2019-09-11 2021-03-11 Quantum IR Technologies, LLC Rotary kiln thermal monitoring and cooling systems
US11703279B2 (en) * 2019-09-11 2023-07-18 Quantum IR Technologies, LLC Rotary kiln thermal monitoring and cooling systems

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB938251A (en) 1963-10-02
DE1408965A1 (de) 1968-10-17

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