US3185569A - Photographic silver halide material containing lactose - Google Patents
Photographic silver halide material containing lactose Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3185569A US3185569A US266040A US26604063A US3185569A US 3185569 A US3185569 A US 3185569A US 266040 A US266040 A US 266040A US 26604063 A US26604063 A US 26604063A US 3185569 A US3185569 A US 3185569A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- silver halide
- lactose
- silver
- emulsions
- gelatin
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 27
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 title claims description 27
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N Lactose Natural products OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O[C@H]2[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)O[C@@H]2CO)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-QKKXKWKRSA-N 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000008101 lactose Substances 0.000 title claims description 22
- -1 silver halide Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 22
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 229940009188 silver Drugs 0.000 description 24
- 108010010803 Gelatin Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 10
- 239000008273 gelatin Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 235000011852 gelatine desserts Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver bromide Chemical compound [Ag]Br ADZWSOLPGZMUMY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver bromoiodide Chemical compound [Ag].IBr ZUNKMNLKJXRCDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl isothiocyanate Chemical compound C=CCN=C=S ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N butane-1,4-diol Chemical compound OCCCCO WERYXYBDKMZEQL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl terephthalate Chemical compound COC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(=O)OC)C=C1 WOZVHXUHUFLZGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QKFJKGMPGYROCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl isothiocyanate Chemical compound S=C=NC1=CC=CC=C1 QKFJKGMPGYROCL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PITMOJXAHYPVLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-acetyloxybenzoic acid;n-(4-ethoxyphenyl)acetamide;1,3,7-trimethylpurine-2,6-dione Chemical compound CCOC1=CC=C(NC(C)=O)C=C1.CC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(O)=O.CN1C(=O)N(C)C(=O)C2=C1N=CN2C PITMOJXAHYPVLG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-azaniumyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)acetate Chemical compound OC(=O)C(N)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 JKFYKCYQEWQPTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Natural products CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002284 Cellulose triacetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002302 Nylon 6,6 Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021612 Silver iodide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N [(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-diacetyloxy-3-[(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-3,4,5-triacetyloxy-6-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-triacetyloxy-2-(acetyloxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]methyl acetate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O1)OC(C)=O)COC(=O)C)[C@@H]1[C@@H](COC(C)=O)O[C@@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H](OC(C)=O)[C@H]1OC(C)=O NNLVGZFZQQXQNW-ADJNRHBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4-(hydroxymethyl)cyclohexyl]methanol Chemical compound OCC1CCC(CO)CC1 YIMQCDZDWXUDCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ag].BrCl Chemical compound [Ag].BrCl SJOOOZPMQAWAOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002671 adjuvant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016720 allyl isothiocyanate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001727 cellulose butyrate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OIDPCXKPHYRNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-J chrome alum Chemical compound [K]OS(=O)(=O)O[Cr]1OS(=O)(=O)O1 OIDPCXKPHYRNKH-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000007730 finishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- CBEQRNSPHCCXSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine monobromide Chemical compound IBr CBEQRNSPHCCXSH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L isophthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC(C([O-])=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000002597 lactoses Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940117953 phenylisothiocyanate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004848 polyfunctional curative Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001235 sensitizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229940045105 silver iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium thiosulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=S AKHNMLFCWUSKQB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000019345 sodium thiosulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/34—Fog-inhibitors; Stabilisers; Agents inhibiting latent image regression
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
- G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
- G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
- G03C1/06—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with non-macromolecular additives
- G03C1/08—Sensitivity-increasing substances
- G03C1/10—Organic substances
Definitions
- the covering power of photosensitive photographic silverhalide preparations can be increased by adding lactose to the photosensitive layer and/or to the auxiliary layers, e.g., sublayers, filter layers and anti-abrasion layers, with no occurrence of the drawbacks mentioned above. Addition of lactose then not only enhances covering power, but also substantially diminishes fogging. These results are wholly unexpected and were in no way predictable. As is known in the art, lactose is not even a macromolecular compound, but has a comparatively low molecular weight and is also characterized by substantial solubility in water. Hence, from this it would be expected that the lactose would be leached out of the film layers during processing so that its effect would be lost.
- lactose is not even a macromolecular compound, but has a comparatively low molecular weight and is also characterized by substantial solubility in water. Hence, from this it would be expected that the lactose would be leached out of the film layers during processing so
- the present invention offers the possibility of employing a low-molecular substance for the specified purpose, with the advantage that it does not affect the viscosity of the emulsion.
- reducing agents to photosensitive emulsions 3,185,569 Patented May 25, 1965
- Preparation of the emulsions according. to this invention may be carried out by the usual methods.
- the lactose is added to the emulsion in amounts of 5 55 g. per liter, the addition being advantageously effected either before finishing the emulsion or immediately before coating the film. Addition may, however, be effected at any other time as maybe desired during the emulsification process.
- lactose to the photosensitive layer and/ or to the auxiliary layers in amounts of 5-55 g. to 20-100 g. of silver bromide.
- the gelatino-silver halide emulsions of the invention contain at least 20% by weight of lactose based on silver halide. On a dry basis, the lactose-containing gelatinosilver halide emulsions contain 35% to 70% silver halide, 20% to 60% gelatin, and 5% to 40% lactose, all by weight.
- the process is applicable to all silver halide: gelatin emulsions but is particularly effective in coarse-grained high-sensitivity emulsions.
- the lactose can be added to gelatin silver chloride, silver bromide, silver iodobromide, silver chlorobromide and other simple and mixed silver halide emulsions.
- the final emulsions can contain any of the wellknown optical sensitizing dyes as well as non-optical sensitizers such as sulphur sensitizers, e.g., allyl isothiocyanate, allyl diethyl thiourea, phenyl isothiocyanate and sodium thiosulfate; the polyoxyalkylene ethers disclosed in Blake et al., U.S.
- Other non-optical sensitizers such as amines as taught by Staud et al., U.S. Patent 1,925,508 and metal salts as taught by Baldsiefen, U.S. Patent 2,540,085 and Baldsiefen et al., U.S. Patent 2,540,086 may also be used.
- Antifoggants e.g., benzotriazole and triazaindenes can be used as well as the usual hardeners, i.e., chrome alum, formaldehyde, etc.
- the modified lactose-containing gelatino-silver halide emulsions may be coated on any suitable support such as paper or films composed of cellulosic esters, e.g., cellulose triacetate, cellulose acetate/butyrate; superpolymers, e.g., polyvinyl chloride co vinyl acetate, polyvinyl acetals, e.g., formal and acetal; polystyrene, polyamides, e.g., polyhexamethylene adipamide, and polyesters, e.g., polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate/ isophthalate and those polyesters obtainable by condensing terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate with propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol or cyclohexane-1,4-dimethanol (hexahydro-p-xylene alcohol).
- lactose may be used in emulsions according to this invention. Because of its low price, it has substantial commercial superiority over the dextrans.
- Lactose 40 g. per kg. of emulsion ready for coating, is added to emulsion B while no lactose is added to emulsion A.
- the emulsions are cast on a film base, yielding films A and B.
- a Wedge pattern was copied on each of these films. They were developed in a developer having the composition:
- a photographic gelatin-silver halide emulsion layer containing on a dry basis to 70% silver halide, 20% to 60% gelatin and 5% to lactose, all by weight.
- a photographic element comprising a gelatino-silver halide emulsion layer having in intimate association therewith 5 to 22 grams of lactose per 20 to 100 grams of silver halide.
- a photographic element comprising a gelatino-sil- -ver halide emulsion layer having in intimate association therewith on a dry basis 35% to 70% silver halide, 20% to gelatin, and 5% to 40% lactose, by weight.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DEA41045A DE1153990B (de) | 1962-08-29 | 1962-08-29 | Lichtempfindliches fotografisches Halogensilbermaterial |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3185569A true US3185569A (en) | 1965-05-25 |
Family
ID=6932294
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US266040A Expired - Lifetime US3185569A (en) | 1962-08-29 | 1963-03-18 | Photographic silver halide material containing lactose |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3185569A (en:Method) |
| BE (1) | BE636720A (en:Method) |
| DE (1) | DE1153990B (en:Method) |
| GB (1) | GB978880A (en:Method) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3607346A (en) * | 1969-04-21 | 1971-09-21 | Eastman Kodak Co | Layers method of wet transferring unexposed photographic emulsion |
| US3936300A (en) * | 1972-11-02 | 1976-02-03 | Polaroid Corporation | Glucoside humectant as silver halide emulsion stabilizer |
| US5232827A (en) * | 1991-09-09 | 1993-08-03 | Eastman Kodak Company | Stabilized photographic recording materials |
| US5370986A (en) * | 1990-03-05 | 1994-12-06 | Eastman Kodak Company | Stabilization of photographic recording materials |
-
0
- BE BE636720D patent/BE636720A/xx unknown
-
1962
- 1962-08-29 DE DEA41045A patent/DE1153990B/de active Pending
-
1963
- 1963-03-18 US US266040A patent/US3185569A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1963-06-28 GB GB25898/63A patent/GB978880A/en not_active Expired
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| None * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3607346A (en) * | 1969-04-21 | 1971-09-21 | Eastman Kodak Co | Layers method of wet transferring unexposed photographic emulsion |
| US3936300A (en) * | 1972-11-02 | 1976-02-03 | Polaroid Corporation | Glucoside humectant as silver halide emulsion stabilizer |
| US5370986A (en) * | 1990-03-05 | 1994-12-06 | Eastman Kodak Company | Stabilization of photographic recording materials |
| US5232827A (en) * | 1991-09-09 | 1993-08-03 | Eastman Kodak Company | Stabilized photographic recording materials |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1153990B (de) | 1963-09-05 |
| GB978880A (en) | 1964-12-23 |
| BE636720A (en:Method) |
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