US3184369A - Polyester filaments having improved frictional characteristics - Google Patents

Polyester filaments having improved frictional characteristics Download PDF

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US3184369A
US3184369A US293996A US29399663A US3184369A US 3184369 A US3184369 A US 3184369A US 293996 A US293996 A US 293996A US 29399663 A US29399663 A US 29399663A US 3184369 A US3184369 A US 3184369A
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Prior art keywords
filaments
filament
ridges
fiber
yarn
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Haseley Edward Albert
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EIDP Inc
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EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
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Priority to US293996A priority Critical patent/US3184369A/en
Priority to GB28642/64A priority patent/GB1060417A/en
Priority to FR981391A priority patent/FR1404025A/fr
Priority to DE1435637A priority patent/DE1435637C3/de
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
    • D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
    • D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
    • D02J1/223—Stretching in a liquid bath
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D10/00—Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
    • D01D10/04—Supporting filaments or the like during their treatment
    • D01D10/0409—Supporting filaments or the like during their treatment on bobbins
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/20—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with varying denier along their length
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F6/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F6/58—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products
    • D01F6/62—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of synthetic polymers; Manufacture thereof from homopolycondensation products from polyesters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
    • Y10T428/2976—Longitudinally varying
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2973—Particular cross section
    • Y10T428/2978—Surface characteristic

Definitions

  • This invention relates to novel filaments and fibers suitable for use in the textile industry. More specifically, the invention relates to new melt-spun synthetic organic polymer filaments having improved frictional characteristics.
  • Mob-spun synthetic organic polymer fibers e.g., the poly(ethylene terephthalate) fibers disclosed in Whinfield et al. US. Patent No. 2,465,319, dated March 22, 1949, have become well-known articles of commerce and are preferred for many uses because of their outstanding physical and chemical properties.
  • melt-spun fibers are undesirable for some purposes.
  • the remarkable level of surface smoothness of melt-spun fibers has resulted in an undesirably high level of dynamic friction between these fibers and surfaces rubbing against them, which, among other things, gives rise to high drafting tensions, high tension in running threadlines, poor staple processability, and an excessive degree of wear on machine surfaces in contact with moving yarns.
  • melt-spun synthetic organic polymers It is an object of this invention to provide new and improved filaments and fibers from melt-spun synthetic organic polymers. Another object is the provision of melt-spun filaments and fibers with improved frictional properties. A further object is the provision of oriented polyester filaments and fibers having a rough surface, but with other properties equivalent to smooth surfaced filaments and fibers. Other objectives will become apparent from the description and examples which follow.
  • a substantially oriented synthetic linear condensation polyester fiber continuous filament or staple
  • the fiber is further characterized by the absence of diameter variations in excess of 5% of the base fiber diameter, i.e., there is no significant number of sizable bumps or nodules along the length of the fiber.
  • the fiber of this invention is the absence of internal voids, or bubbles, associated with the surface ridges.
  • the presence of such internal voids in some bumpy or nodular filaments of the prior art is thought to be a cause of the decreased tensile 3,184,369 Patented May 18, 1965 ice strength observed in those filaments.
  • the fibers are free from voids, either internal or etched holes, or dispersed insoluble particles other than conventional delustrants.
  • discontinuous is intended to indicate that a majority of the ridges do not make a complete, closed circle around the circumference of the filament.
  • the ridges are found to be of such a length that the arc is a minimum of of the circumference and usually there is at least 180 of are. Some of the ridges appear to extend through 270 of arc, but the sub-microscopic nature of the phenomenon makes it difficult to identify and follow any given ridge completely around the circumference of the filament.
  • circumferential is intended to indicate that the long dimension of a ridge travels along the circumference, or perimeter, of the cross-sectional figure made by a plane passing through the filament at right angles, or nearly so, to the fiber axis. In general, the angle between the fiber axis and a plane containing a given ridge will fall between 70 and The use of the word circumferential is not intended to restrict the invention to filaments of round cross-section.
  • sub-microscopic is intended to indicate that the height of the ridges above the surface of the fiber is less than the theoretical limit of resolving power of the usual light microscope, which is generally stated to be about 0.25 micron.
  • the ridges on the surface of the filaments and fibers of this invention have a height no greater than about 0.2 micron above the fiber surface, and for the most part have a height falling within the range 0.07 to 0.12 micron.
  • the characteristic ridges of the fibers of this invention are best identified and examined by means of the electron microscope. Standard replica techniques and shadowing procedures may be used. Such examination usually reveals that the ridges are smoothly rounded, wavelike bulges in the fiber surface which are characterized by the substantial absence of sharp corners and edges or abrupt changes of direction. Because there is no abrupt dividing line between the ridge and the adjacent fiber surface, the width of a ridge is diificult to measure precisely. It has been estimated, however that a majority of the ridges have a width in the range of 3 to l0 the ridge height.
  • the fibers of this invention exhibit a substantial reduction in rubbing friction in comparison with older smooth-surfaced meltspun fibers. For example, a drop of 40% or more in the coefficient of hydrodynamic friction is commonly observed in comparison with similar yarns which do not possess high frequency, submicroscopic transverse ridges as described above. Furthermore, the reduction in friction is obtained without any significant loss in tensile strength.
  • FIGURES 1a, 1b and 1c are diagrammatic illustrations of three stages in the formation of the fibres of this invention.
  • FIG. 1a represents a side view of a portion of an undrawn filament as it would appear when greatly magnified.
  • FIG. 1b is a corresponding view of the filament after initial treatment to produce a multiplicity of circumferential surface cracks. Most of these, e.g., cracks 10, 12 and 13, are clearly discontinuous in that they do not encircle the filament, but others may appear to follow completely around the circumference, e.g., crack 11.
  • FIGURE 1c is a corresponding view after part of the filament has been drawn to much smaller diameter. Crack It) is still visible on the incompletely drawn part. However, on the completely drawn part, small ridges 21, 22
  • FIGURE 2 is a drawing prepared from a photograph at 1600 magnification of a typical filament of this invention. An electron microscope andstandard replica tech.- nique were used, so that a negative surface replica was photographed rather than the filament surface shown in the drawing.
  • the fibers of this invention may be prepared by a process which comprises melt spinning a synthetic linear condensation polyester to produce unoriented filaments, aging the filaments in contact with certain crack promoting agents until a fracturable skin'is produced as described more fully below, predrawing the filaments in contact with the crack-promoting agent by subjecting them about 1.011.'1 times their original length, disassociating the filaments from the influence of the crack-promotlng agent, and final-1y drawing the filaments according to wellknown drawing procedures to give substantially oriented fibers having good tensile properties.
  • Aging the as-spun fiber in contact with certain crackpro rnoting agents before subjecting it tothe initial stretch-' ing operation is important in obtaining the productof this invention. Aging, in some manner not completely understood, changes the character of the fiber surface so that in the low draw ratio ipredrawing flstep a multiplicity of fine, transverse cracks is formed in the fiber surface. some fashion the presence of these cracks leads to the formation of sub-microscopic ridges inthe subsequent ally not preferred because offstorage problems in a yarn 'to sutficient tension at low temperature to stretch them to The liquid chosen for test should not, in general, be
  • the agent should be unsaturated or contain other sources of unpaired electrons.
  • The. agent should be sufiiciently soluble or dispersible inwater for aqueous application.
  • the agent should be liquidat the cracking temperaturc employed in the process.
  • the agent should not be strongly self-associating (e.g., as difunctional alcohols or amines) since this re,- prises possibilities for association with polymer, which is postulated to be necessary.
  • the agent should be r fairly high molecular 'weight, i.e., above about 200.
  • the filaments are preferably stretched until the drawn length is about 1.01 to 1.1 times the undrawn length. "Less drawing does not produce a I sufficient number of ridges in the final product to yield a manufacturing plant. Aging times shorter than 2 days may significant reduction in friction. On the other hand, too
  • high molecular weight cracking agents is absolutely essential if the novel filarnents described herein are to be obtained.
  • Low molecular weight cracking agents such as acetone, ethanol, dimethyl formarnide, or pyridine cause undesired large diameter variations or nodules or else introduce voids into the filaments in present invention it is believed that the restriction of the melt-spun fibers.
  • the predrawing step may be carried out at room temperature or at temperatures up to about 80 C. Above this temperature the nature of the drawing phenomenon changes so that the necessary incipient surface crack ing is not. achieved. Temperatures below room temperature are satisfactory. Although the use of a snubbing '50 such a manner that tensile properties are impaired. In the cracking agents to those of high molecular weight is necessaryin order that the cracking effect beconfined strictly to the surface of the filaments, penetration to any extent into the interior of the fiber being prevented by the large size of the cracking agent molecule.
  • Liquid cracking agents are preferred. These agents may be pure compounds or their solutions. S No complete list of cracking agents can be given which is operable for all polymers, but the following simple test enables one to determine whether a liquid is a cracking agent or not. In the test a freshly spun, undrawn fiber is drawn a small amount '(about 1.5 under'the surface of the liquid to be tested. By freshly spun is meant a fiber that is less than one week old. This restriction is for the purposes of this test only, since the process of this invention is applicable to a wider range of aged fibers; Microscopic examination-of the filaments will show transverse cracks and/ or multiple neck drawing if the liquid is a suitable cracking agent. It is characteristic of multiple neck drawing that a lower drawing force (as much as 90% less force) is required in comparison with conventional (single neck) cold drawing under the same temperature and speed conditions,
  • pin is not required in the predrawing step, it may be used if desired, and in "some instances gives more satisfactory results.
  • the filament is further thicker sections have a diameterat least 30% greater ditions which disassociate the filament from the influence of the cracking agent, so that an oriented filament having good tensile properties is produced as in normal
  • the influence of the cracking agent can be disassociated by drawing at a temperature at which the cracking agent is no longer active, e.g., above 80 C., or by removing the cracking agent from the filament by evaporation, washing, or wipi ng the filament.
  • the filament orientation must be sufliciently low prior to the predrawing step.
  • the initial .undrawn filament is substantially unoriented, i.e., has a birefringence that is less than 10% of the maximum possible, since this provides for more effective surface modification.
  • Woods differs from the invention described herein not only in the size of the non-uniformities imparted to the individual filaments, but also differs in the fact that the process described by Woods always results in a fiber having a reduced tensile strength, which is thought to be a result of the presence of numerous voids observed at the junctions between fiber segments.
  • the fibers of this invention are substantially equivalent in tensile strength to conventionally drawn smooth-surfaced fibers.
  • the coefiicient of hydrodynamic friction used herein is measured by hanging a test filament over a /z-inch diameter polished chrome-plated mandrel so that the filament contacts the mandrel over an arc of approximately 180.
  • a 0.3-gram weight is attached to one end of the filament (input tension) and a strain gauge is attached to the other end (output tension).
  • the mandrel is rotated at a speed of 1800 y.p.m. and the area of contact flooded with a drop of No. 50 mineral oil immediately before strain gauge readings are made.
  • the coefficient is calculated from the belt friction equation:
  • T is the input tension
  • T is the output tension
  • on is the angle of wrap.
  • a commercially available terephthalate polyester yarn is found to give values in the range 0.6 to 0.7 on the particular mandrel employed.
  • Example I Polyethylene terephthalate is melt spun to produce an undrawn, 34-filament yarn having a total denier of 210. A 15% aqueous emulsion of butyl stearate is applied to the undrawn yarn which is then wound on a package and stored for 3 Weeks.
  • the aged yarn is then drawn in two stages by passing the yam over a feed wheel having a peripheral speed of 100 feet per minute, then around a -inch diameter unheated stationary ceramic snubbing pin, then around a draw roll rotating at 110 ft./min., around a l fit-inch diameter ceramic stationary snubbing pin heated to a temperature of 90 C., then around a second draw roll rotating at a surface speed of 330 ft./min., and finally to a windup.
  • the yarn produced is examined under a light microscope at 200x magnification and the filaments found to have a smooth surface with no significant number of bumps or nodules. No voids or bubbles are apparent. Birefringence measurements indicate uniform molecular orientation along the length of the filaments.
  • the yarn is examined by means of an electron microscope using standard replica techniques and the filaments found to have a surface characterized by randomly spaced, circumferential ridges occurring at an average frequency of about 60 ridges per millimeter along the length of the filament.
  • the average height of the ridges above the surface of the filament appears to be about 0.09 micron.
  • the filament diameter is about 14 microns.
  • Measurement of the hydrodynamic friction coefficient of the yarn gives a value of about 0.43 (as measured on a /z-inch diameter polished stainless steel mandrel rotating at a speed of 1800 y.p.m.). This value is in sharp contrast to a value of 0.74 exhibited by a similar yarn drawn in the same way with the exception that the first draw stage (predraw) is eliminated.
  • Example 11 Polyethylene terephthalate is melt spun to give an undrawn yarn of 4.5 denier per filament. During spinning a polyethylene oxide of molecular weight 400 is applied to the filaments as a spinning finish from an aqueous solution. The undrawn yarn is aged for 2 days.
  • Yarn ends from 25 bobbins are then combined to form a tow of 50,000 total denier and drawn as follows:
  • the tow is passed around a set of feed rolls rotating at peripheral speed of 60 ft./min., then passed in an S-shaped wrap around a pair of /z-inch polished stainless steel stationary snubbing pins, and then around a second set of rolls rotating at a peripheral speed of 63.5 ft./min., then passed through an aqueous bath maintained at C., then around a third set of draw rolls rotating at a peripheral speed of 203 ft./min.
  • the drawn tow is crimped to give a nominal 8 crimps per inch, relaxed for 5 minutes at 105 C. in an oven, and then cut to give a staple in which the filament length is 1 /2-inCh.
  • the staple is then carded and spun into a yarn on the cotton system.
  • a control sample is prepared from the same supply yarn in a similar fashion with the exception that the firststage snubbing pin is eliminated and the speeds of the first and second set of rolls are the same, i.e., there is no predrawing step.
  • the test staple is examined under an optical microscope and found to have the smooth surface normally associated with melt-spun fibers. Under the electron microscope, however, the surface of the filaments is found to possess randomly distributed, transverse ridges occurring along the length of the filament at a frequency of about ridges per millimeter. The average height of the ridges appears to be about 0.10 micron. Most of the ridges appear to travel more than halfway around the circumference of the filaments, but do not appear to make a complete circle. No significant number of bumps or nodules are found on the filaments.
  • Example Ill Polyethylene terephthalate containing 0.3% TiO delusterant is melt spun to give a 34-filament yarn having a total denier of 210.
  • an aqueous finish containing polyethylene oxide of molecular weight 400 is applied to the filaments.
  • the filaments are aged 30 days and then drawn in a two-stage process as follows. In the first stage the filaments are drawn to 1.05 times the 7 a original length at roomtemperature with a snubbing pin in the draw zone.
  • the filaments producedabove are examined by optical microscopy and found to have the smooth surface characteristic of melt spun fibers. or sections of enlarged diameter. are apparent.
  • the filaments are examined in profile by electron microscopy and found topossess surface bumps which occur with a frequency of about 50 ridges per millimeter along the filament.
  • the average height of thebumps above the surface of the filament is found to be about.0.07 micron.
  • the above-observed bumps are found to be transverse ridges extending for the most part .more than half-way around the'filament. 5
  • Example IV A copolyrner of polyethylene terephthalate containing" 2 mol percent S-sodiumsulfoisophthalic acid, and with no TiO present, is melt spun to give a 34-filament yarn having a total undrawn denier of- 230. Y-shaped spinneret;
  • control item C is made up of smooth-surfaced filaments in contrast to items A and B which show numerous circumferential ridges, in accord with the present invention.
  • a series of textile yarns are melt spun from several different polyesters and the undrawn yarn aged in contact yarn as an aqueous finish. After aging for '3 days, the p yarnis drawn at room temperature'to 1.06 times its length with the draw taking place on an unheated ceramic snub bing pin. Subsequently, the yarn is drawn to 2.7 times itslength over a snubbing pin immersed in bath maintained at a temperature of 90 C. 7
  • Measurement of the tensile properties of the yarn gives values of 2.75 g.p.d. for tenacity and 25% for break elongation.
  • an aqueous is used.
  • test yarn Examination of the test yarn by optical microscopy revealed filaments of smooth profile having no visible bumps or significant changes in yarn diameter. However, the filaments do exhibit a number of randomly'dispersed transverse flines which are vunresolvable under the light, microscope, and which occur with a frequency of about;
  • test filaments are observed under an electron microscope;
  • the surface is characterized by a series of randomly spaced,'discontinu'- These values are substantially the same as, those obtainedfor a control yarn prepared in exactly'the' same manner with the exception-that no predrawing step.
  • Copolyester of ethylene ephthalate/isophthalate) (90/10 mol ratio), poly(ethylene terephtha1ate[hexahydroterephthalate) (90/ '10 and /20), poly[ethylene terephthalate/S-(sodium sulfo)isophthalate] [965/35], poly(ethylene 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate), poly[ethylene 2, 6-naphthalenedicarboxylate/S-(scdium sulfo)isophthalate] (97/3).
  • Example V k A polyethylene terephthalate'yarn (4.5 d.p.f., 140 fila- Thepolyester of 2,6-bisinthe range of 35 to 55 ridges per millimeter.
  • Control samples are prepared in a similar manner, but with thepredrawing step eliminated. Examined by electron microscope, thefilaments are found to have a smooth surface. 1 a
  • test andcontrol yarns are tested for coeificient of hydrodynamic friction, with the results shown in the fol- In the table, 1 values in the column labeled flooded are from a test carried out. as described. in ExampleI. Coeificient values in the.
  • column marked film are from a test similar to that in Example I, with the exception that the drop of oil is wiped off the mandrel- Film Flooded Polymer Test C ontrol Test Control glycol, terephthalic acid and hexahydroterephthalic acid (acid mol ratio 83/17)
  • condensation polyesters and copolyesters are preferred for application in this method.
  • Suitable polyesters are described, for example, in US. Patents Nos. 2,465,319, 3,018,272, 3,057,826, 3,057,827, and 2,901,466.
  • the fiberforming polymer is a synthetic linear condensation polyester of bifiunctional ester fonming compounds wherein at least about 75% of the repeating structural units of the polymer chain include at least one divalent carbocyclic ring containing at least six carbon atoms present as an integral part of the polymer chain and having a minimum of four carbon atoms between the points of attachment of the ring in the polymer chain (para-relationship in the case of a single 6-membered ring)
  • the polyesters may be derived from any suitable combination of bifunctional ester-forming compounds.
  • Such compounds include hydroxy acids such as 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)benzoic acid and 4fl(2-hydroxyethoxy)benzoic acid, or mixtures of the various suitable bifunctional acids or derivatives thereof and the various suitable dihydroxy compounds and derivatives thereof.
  • the repeating structural units of the polymer chain comprise recurring divalent ester radicals separated by predominantly carbon atom chains comp-rising hydrocarbon radicals, halogen-substituted hydrocarbon radicals, and chalcogen-containing hydrocarbon radicals wherein each chalcogen atoms is bonded to carbon or a different chalcogen atom, and no carbon is bonded to more than one chalcogen atom.
  • the repeating units may contain ether, sulfonyl, sulfide, or carbonyl radicals.
  • Sulfonate salt substituents may also be present in minor amount, up to about 5 mol percent total sulfonate salt substituents in the polyester based on the number of ester linkages present in the polyester.
  • Other suitable substituents may also be present.
  • dicarboxylic acids are terephthalic acid, bromoterephthalic acid, 4,4'-sulfinyldibenzoic acid 4,4-dip*henic acid, 4,4-benzophenonedicarboxylic acid, 1,2-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)cthane, 1,2-bis(pcarboxyphenoxy)ethane b-is-4-carboxyphenol ether and various of the naphthalenedicarboxylic acids, especially the l,-4-, 1,5-, and 2,7-isomers.
  • Isophthalic acid is also suitable, especially when used in combination with a 1,4- dihydroxyaromatic compound.
  • Carbonic acid is similarly suitable.
  • di hydroxy compounds include the glycols, such as ethylene glycol and other glycols taken from the series HO(CH OH, where n is 2 to 10; cisor trans-p-hexahydroxylylene glycol; diethylene glycol; quinitol; neopentylene glycol; 1,4-bis(hydroxyethyl)- benzene; and 1,4-bis(hydroxyethoxy)benzene.
  • suitable compounds include dihydroxyaro-matic compounds such as 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,S-dichlorophenyl)- propane, hydroquinone, and 2,5- or 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene.
  • a substantially oriented synthetic linear condensation polyester fiber having a surface characterized by a series of randomly spaced, discontinuous circumferential ridges of sub-microscopic size occurring with a frequency between 10 and 130 ridges per millimeter along the length of the fiber, the fiber being free of diameter variations in excess of 5% of the base fiber diameter.
  • a fiber as defined in claim 1 which is free from voids or dispersed insoluble particles other than conventional delusterants.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
US293996A 1963-07-10 1963-07-10 Polyester filaments having improved frictional characteristics Expired - Lifetime US3184369A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US293996A US3184369A (en) 1963-07-10 1963-07-10 Polyester filaments having improved frictional characteristics
GB28642/64A GB1060417A (en) 1963-07-10 1964-07-10 New polyester fibres
FR981391A FR1404025A (fr) 1963-07-10 1964-07-10 Filaments et fibres pour l'industrie textile
DE1435637A DE1435637C3 (de) 1963-07-10 1964-07-10 Verfahren zur Herstellung orientierter Polyesterfäden mit niedriger Oberflächenreibung

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Cited By (9)

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US3527862A (en) * 1964-02-05 1970-09-08 Teijin Ltd Process for the manufacture of polyester synthetic fibers
US3544671A (en) * 1965-07-14 1970-12-01 Ici Ltd Process for neck drawing block copolymer films and filaments
US3683610A (en) * 1968-03-18 1972-08-15 Rhodiaceta Fancy yarn, and process and device for producing it
US3920785A (en) * 1969-11-13 1975-11-18 Celanese Corp Process for increasing the porosity of opencelled microporous film
US3957936A (en) * 1971-07-22 1976-05-18 Raduner & Co., Ag High temperature process for modifying thermoplastic filamentous material
USRE28843E (en) * 1968-02-19 1976-06-08 Rhone-Poulenc-Textile, S.A. Textured polyethylene terephthalate yarns
US4550447A (en) * 1983-08-03 1985-11-05 Shiley Incorporated Vascular graft prosthesis
US4647416A (en) * 1983-08-03 1987-03-03 Shiley Incorporated Method of preparing a vascular graft prosthesis
EP2123189A1 (de) 2008-05-20 2009-11-25 Braun Gmbh Zahnbürste, Zahnbürstenfaser und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung

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EP0587022A3 (de) * 1992-09-05 1995-03-01 Hoechst Ag Vollorientiertes Polyestergarn und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung.

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Cited By (14)

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US3544671A (en) * 1965-07-14 1970-12-01 Ici Ltd Process for neck drawing block copolymer films and filaments
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US3683610A (en) * 1968-03-18 1972-08-15 Rhodiaceta Fancy yarn, and process and device for producing it
US3772747A (en) * 1968-03-18 1973-11-20 Rhodiaceta Process for producing textured yarn
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US3920785A (en) * 1969-11-13 1975-11-18 Celanese Corp Process for increasing the porosity of opencelled microporous film
US3957936A (en) * 1971-07-22 1976-05-18 Raduner & Co., Ag High temperature process for modifying thermoplastic filamentous material
US4550447A (en) * 1983-08-03 1985-11-05 Shiley Incorporated Vascular graft prosthesis
US4647416A (en) * 1983-08-03 1987-03-03 Shiley Incorporated Method of preparing a vascular graft prosthesis
EP2123189A1 (de) 2008-05-20 2009-11-25 Braun Gmbh Zahnbürste, Zahnbürstenfaser und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
WO2009141089A1 (en) * 2008-05-20 2009-11-26 Braun Gmbh Toothbrush, toothbrush filament and method for manufacturing same
US20110061191A1 (en) * 2008-05-20 2011-03-17 Karl Herzog Toothbrush, Toothbrush Filament and Method for Manufacturing Same
US8099821B2 (en) 2008-05-20 2012-01-24 Braun Gmbh Toothbrush, toothbrush filament and method for manufacturing same

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Publication number Publication date
DE1435637B2 (de) 1974-05-16
GB1060417A (en) 1967-03-01
DE1435637C3 (de) 1975-01-02
DE1435637A1 (de) 1969-01-02

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