US318220A - Process of rolling beams - Google Patents

Description

(No Model.)

Rm 00 oo 1 9 1 y & d me t En Be m WP L L O R P 0 S S E O 0 R P T 2 Z 00 1 3 O N UNITED STATES I PATENT OFFICE.

CHARLES L. TAYLOR, OF SWISSVALE, AND JOSEPH SKEWIS, OF PITTS- BURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

PROCESS OF ROLLING BEAMS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 318,220, dated May 19,1885.

Application filed September 30, 1884. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLES L. TAYLOR, of Swissvale, and JOSEPH SKEwIs, of Pitts burg, in the county of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and use ful Improvement in Rolling Beams; and we do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

Our invention relates to the manufacture of wrought-metal beams, these beams being largely employed for structural purposes, and being generally termed I-beams. These beams are generally rolled from rectangular piles, ingots, or blooms, the entire reduction or work coming on the sides of the pile or ingot, and as the center forming the web is reduced and elongated much more than the edges forming the flanges of the beam, which are not reduced proportionately, they are consequently stretched by the center or web, and the beam is thrown on astrain. This stretching of the flange portions without sufficiently working or reducing them often causes the cracking or breaking of the edges of the beams, and so renders them imperfect and unfit for use, as where they sustain heavy weight or strain these cracks are liable to open and leave the web unsupported. In making these beams from ingots it is necessary to reheat the metal twice during its reduction, as without these reheatings the flange portion would become so cold and stiff as to be very liable to crack and open during reduction in the rolls.

The object of our invention is to overcome these objections in the manufacture of these beams.

It consists, essentially, in rolling these beams by first reducing and concaving the ingot or pile across the edges or flange ends thereof, and then reducing and concaving it across the sides to form the web and perfect the flanges, the metal forming the flanges being first worked and elongated and the flanges partially formed, and the center or web being next worked or elongated, and consequently as both flange and web portions receive approximately the same amount of work and elongation the beam is formed, substantially,

without strain, and all liability to cracking or breaking of the edges of the flanges is overcome. v

To enable others skilled in the art to make anduse our invention, we will describe the same more fully, referring to the accompany- 5 5 ing drawings, in which- Figure. l is an elevation of the rolls employed for rolling the beams. Fig. 2 is an elevation of the flnishingmill for rolling beams. Figs. 3 to 10 are sectional views of 6 the ingot or pile, showing its gradual reduc-v tion to the finished beam. Figs. 11 to 14 are sectional views illustrating the rolling of beams of small diameter, and Figs. 15 to 18 are sectional views illustrating the rolling of 6 5 channel-beams. 1

Like letters of reference indicate like parts in each.-

iThe ingots or piles can be rolled and reduced either in a two-high. reversible mill or a three-high mill with or without movable rolls. The three-high mill with adjustable middle roll shown in the drawings illustrates the most approved rolls for the purpose, the pass or passes a being employed to reduce theingot or pile on the edges or across the faces of the flange portions, the convex faces b at the same time concaving the faces of the flange portions, and the collars a holding the ingot or pile in position.- The passes d e are employed to reduce the ingot or pile across the sides and concave the sides to form the initial depressions in rolling the web of the beam, these initial depressions being formed by the enlargements ff. The pass or passes g having the convex faces 9 are employed where it is desired to form a beam of smallwidth or diameter, the beam beingfirst edge-rolled in the passes a, then given its initial shape in the passes d e, and then edge-rolled to further concave the edges or flange portions and to reduce it in width according to the size of beam required.

The rolls shown in Fig. 2 illustrates the ordinary mill for rolling or finishing the beam, 5

the beam brought approximately to shape by fourteen and one-half inches, as shown in Fig.

of greater width than the widthof the finished beam-for example, the ingot or pile for a fifteen-inch beam being generally about eight een inches in width and about fourteen inches in thickness, as shown in Fig. 3, according to the required elongation or work to be put upon it. This beam is first entered on its edge to the pass or passes a and graduallyreduced, the elongation or work coming on the edges or flange portions k, and these edges being coneaved, as at Z, by the convex faces I) of the rolls.

In forming a fifteen-inch beam the ingot or pile is reduced until slightly less in width than the width of the finished beam, generally about 5, .to allow for spreading.- The ingot-with the concave edges or flange portions is then given a quarter-turn and entered to the pass (I in the position-shown in Fig. 6, and is gradually reduced in the passcsd and e, the elongation or work come on the side faces, m, of the ingot or pile, and the central portion of the ingot or pile being reduced by the enlargements f f of the rolls to form the initial depressions nvfor .the web of the beam. As the metal isrol'led in'these passes, the pressure on the side faces forces out the metal-in'the center toward the edges'k, and so graduallyfills out theconcavities Z, and at the same time as the concavities are filledout by the same pressure'the corner portions are spread out to fill'the grooves of the rolls, the previous concaving of the flange faces thus serving to assist in the formation of the flanges of the beam, and consequently on the subsequent reduction; to the beam these corners forming the flangesreceiving greater reduction and work or elongation. As the metal is further reducedthe cavities Z are filled, entirely, and the blank so formed is then rolled .to the finished beam shown in Fig. 10 through the ordinary mill, the passes from 1 to 5 in Fig. 2 being suitable for the purpose. As the edge portions of the ingot or pile are first elongated, and-when it is rolled on the side faces, the corners p are s'pread,zas before described, to assist in raising the'corners to form the flanges, the elongation of the central portion forming the web is compensated by the previous elongation and concaving of the edge faces'and the spreading of the corners, and as the flange portionsof the beam have received as much,

or nearly asnuch, work or elongation as the web portion, strain in the finished beam is "prevented or-reduced to aminimum, and the formation of cracks or seams along the edges of the flanges is entirely overcome.

\Vhere it is desired to form beams of less width to, overcome the necessity of. special roughing-rolls for each width of beam, we employ the pass or passes g, and after the ingot or pile shown in Fig. 3 is gradually reduced .in the mannerzdescribed to about the form shown in Fig. 9, while the central portion is still of sufficient thickness to sustain endpressure without buckling, we edge-roll it in these passes, as shown in Figs. 11 and 12, and so reduce it to the proper width for rolling to the desired width of beam, at the same time again concaving its edge faces to assist "in further spreading the flanges, and it can then be rolled [to beam,-as shown in Fig. 14, in a inillhaving the proper passes. As the metal in the reduction from the ingot-or pile to the finished ibea'm receives substantially the same work or reduction throughout, it is found that it can be reduced Without reheating,-or, where it is-subse'quently edge-rolledto form a-beam of smaller size,-with but one reheating, and consequently we savefrom one to two reheatings in the manufacture of the beams.

In forming channel-beams the ingot or pile oftheproper width and thickness is edgerolled, as above described, and is then rolled to shape by pressure on its side faces, the in got or pile being but slightly conca ved*onone sideto assist in pressing outthe flanges on the other side, as illustrated in Figs.'-15"aud 18, and the-same advantages being obtained in forming the flanges on oneside of the finished beamr r What we claim as ourinvent'ion, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

Themethod herein described of rolling beams, consistingin first reducing and concaving the ingots-or pile across the edges or flange ends thereof and then reducing and concaving it'across the sides to form the web and raise the flanges. V

- In testimony whereof we, the said CHARLES LTAYLOR and JosEPH SKEWIs, have -here untoset our hands.- Y

, CHARLES L. TAYLOR; JOSEPH SKEWIS.

-' Witnesses: v J

JAMES I. KAY,

Jas. U. 000KB;

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