US3174400A - Servo-trigger mechanisms for automatic firearms of the open breech type - Google Patents

Servo-trigger mechanisms for automatic firearms of the open breech type Download PDF

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Publication number
US3174400A
US3174400A US239882A US23988262A US3174400A US 3174400 A US3174400 A US 3174400A US 239882 A US239882 A US 239882A US 23988262 A US23988262 A US 23988262A US 3174400 A US3174400 A US 3174400A
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Prior art keywords
sear
breechblock
lever
spring
cartridge chamber
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Expired - Lifetime
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US239882A
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English (en)
Inventor
Maillard Bernard
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Brevets Aero Mecaniques SA
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Brevets Aero Mecaniques SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/64—Mounting of breech-blocks; Accessories for breech-blocks or breech-block mountings
    • F41A3/78—Bolt buffer or recuperator means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
    • F41A19/06—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms
    • F41A19/17—Hair-trigger mechanisms
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A19/00—Firing or trigger mechanisms; Cocking mechanisms
    • F41A19/06—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms
    • F41A19/25—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having only slidably-mounted striker elements, i.e. percussion or firing pins
    • F41A19/27—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having only slidably-mounted striker elements, i.e. percussion or firing pins the percussion or firing pin being movable relative to the breech-block
    • F41A19/29—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having only slidably-mounted striker elements, i.e. percussion or firing pins the percussion or firing pin being movable relative to the breech-block propelled by a spring under tension
    • F41A19/30—Mechanical firing mechanisms, e.g. counterrecoil firing, recoil actuated firing mechanisms having only slidably-mounted striker elements, i.e. percussion or firing pins the percussion or firing pin being movable relative to the breech-block propelled by a spring under tension in bolt-action guns
    • F41A19/31—Sear arrangements therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C1/00—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact
    • F42C1/02—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze
    • F42C1/04—Impact fuzes, i.e. fuzes actuated only by ammunition impact with firing-pin structurally combined with fuze operating by inertia of members on impact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/20—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein a securing-pin or latch is removed to arm the fuze, e.g. removed from the firing-pin
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42C—AMMUNITION FUZES; ARMING OR SAFETY MEANS THEREFOR
    • F42C15/00—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges
    • F42C15/24—Arming-means in fuzes; Safety means for preventing premature detonation of fuzes or charges wherein the safety or arming action is effected by inertia means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to servo-trigger mechanisms for automatic firearms of the open breech type, i.e. to firearms which, immediately before firing, have their breechblock held in the open position against the action of a return spring, by a sear system which must be released to permit closing of the breechblock, first causing a cartridge to be introduced into the cartridge chamber of the firearm and then, after the end of the closing stroke, igniting said cartridge.
  • the present invention is more especially concerned, among these mechanisms, with those intended for heavy machine guns and automatic guns of this type.
  • the chief object of the present invention is to obviate this drawback while making servo-trigger mechanisms such that they answer better than up to the present time to the various requirements of practice.
  • such mechanisms are arranged in such manner that the energy to be brought into play for releasing the breechblock, when the firer operates the trigger, is supplied by that accumulated in the return spring of the gun when the breechblock is held in open position.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 diagrammatically show, in three different steps of its operation a servo-trigger mechanism made according to a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 diagrammatically show, respectively in two different positions of its operation, a servo-trigger mechanism made according to a second embodiment of the invention
  • FIGS. 6 to 8 show the trigger system, without servotrigger means, of a gun described in a prior patent application and to which the present invention is to be applied;
  • FIG. 9 shows how the rear portion of the gun of FIGS. 6 to 8 is to be modified so that the invention can be applied thereto;
  • FIGS. 10 to 12 diagrammatically show, in three different positions of operation, a servo-trigger mechanism made according to a third embodiment of the invention as applied to a gun of the type illustrated by FIGS 6 to 8.
  • the gun shown by the drawings comprises a breechblock I pushed in the frontward direction by a return spring 2 and sliding in a breechblock body 3.
  • return spring 2 instead of hearing at the rear against the rear end of the breechblock body 3 bears against a sliding member 4 which is urged toward the front by a pulling spring 5.
  • return spring 2 is such that it exerts, when it is compressed, a thrust of 50 kgs. and when it is expanded a thrust of 15 kgs. for a stroke of the breechblcck of 300 mm;
  • spring 5 exerts a maximum pull of kgs. and a minimum pull of 18 kgs.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 diagrammatically show sliding member 4 provided with a sliding rod 6 extending in the rearward direction through the rear wall of body 3, which rod 6 tends to be moved by spring 5 toward the front, i.e. toward the left on the drawings.
  • Rod 6 is provided at the rear end thereof with a projection '7 cooperating with an auxiliary sear 8 which, when lowered, prevents rod 6 from moving rearwardly, thus locking member 4 in a forward position, whereas when, spring 2 being compressed to its maximum value, said sear 8 is lifted, it releases rod 6 which can then move rearwardly until member 4 is given an abutted position at the rear under the effect of the preponderating thrust exerted by return spring 2 and against the thrust exerted by spring 5.
  • breechblock 1 When the mechanism is being set, breechblock 1 is moved rearwardly, compressing return spring 2, without member 4 being able to move backward since it is held by the engagement of sear 8 with projection 7. Return spring 2 is compressed to 50 kgs. and the main sear 11 holds breechblock 1 in its rear position (FIG. 2).
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 where the reference numerals lower than 12 designate parts equivalent to those designated by the same figures in FIGS. 1 to 3
  • the release member consisting of sliding member 4 quite at the rear of return spring 2
  • it is disposed at an intermediate point located closer to the front end than to the rear end thereof and said member 4 directly carries the projection 7 intended to cooperate with auxiliary sear 8
  • breechblock 1 still carrying the projection intended to cooperate with the main sear 11.
  • Member 4 is then disposed at the desired place on the return spring so that, when said spring, after having been fully compressed (FIG. 4), begins to expand, projection 7, carried by member 4, is engaged by auxiliary sear 8 before breechblock 1 is itself stopped by the main sear 11.
  • the front portion of the return spring, located between member 4 and the breechblock is less compressed than the rear portion of said spring located between said member 4- and the rear fixed abutment 12 against which the rear end of said return spring is bearing.
  • FIGS. 6. 7 and 8 are reproductions of FIGS. lb, 2b and 4b of said prior patent application, respectively, but with difierent reference numerals.
  • FIGS. 9 to 12 The structure and operation of the firearm mechanism shown by these figures of said prior application will now be described, to permit of understanding how the present invention can be applied (as shown by FIGS. 9 to 12) to such a mechanism.
  • the breechblock body 1 pushed toward the front by return spring 2, is held in rear position by two sears 11 located on either side respectively of said breechblock body 1. Said body 1, at the end of every rearward stroke thereof, comes to strike a buffer spring 15.
  • a Wedge 16 is provided to move the rear end of each sear 11 toward the middle longitudinal plane of the gun.
  • These two wedges 16 are carried respectively by the lower ends of the branches of a piece 17 in the form of an inverted U disposed astride a sleeve 18 carried by a rear extension of the gun casing 3 coaxially therewith.
  • This piece 17 is pivoted in said rear extension about a transverse horizontal pin 17a extending above said sleeve 18.
  • Piece 17 is urged by springs 19 in the anticlockwise direction toward the position where wedges 16 are not acting on the rear ends of sears 11.
  • This piece 17 is adapted to be acted upon, near the end of each of its branches and through pins 26 located upproximately at the level of wedges 16, by a dilferential lever 21, also in the form of an inverted U, disposed astride sleeve 18, at the rear of piece 17.
  • This lever 21 is urged rearwardly by piece 17 transmitting, through pins 26, the force exerted by springs 19.
  • the top portion of this lever 21 is held in the notch 22 of a release lever 24, pivoted in casing extension 3 about transverse pin 17a and which will be more explicitly referred to hereinafter.
  • the lower ends of the branches of said lever 21 are connected to a trigger mechanism actuated directly by the gunner.
  • lever 21 pivots about its top portion held imposition by the notch 22 of lever 24.
  • This lever 24 is retracted when the last cartridge of the belt has left its introduction position, whereby firing is automati- Cally stopped after this last cartridge has been fired, breechblock body 1 remaining held in its rearmost position.
  • the top portion of lever 21 is then allowed to move rearwardly, together with pins 26 and wedges 16, which are pushed back in the rearward direction by springs 19. Sears 11 then come back into hooking position and hold breechblock body 1 in its rear position after the last cartridge has been fired. It is thus possible to resume firing immediately by introducing a fresh cartridge belt into the belt feed mechanism without having to cock the gun before firing.
  • the device for retracting lever 24, with its notch 22, after the last round has been fired is made as follows in said prior patent application.
  • a push-piece 23 (FIGS. 7 and 8) is retracted (i.e. moved toward the left) against the action of a return spring 27.
  • This push-piece 23 passes above the top of U-shaped piece 17, to act, through its rear edge, as an abutment cooperating with release lever 24 in which notch 22 is formed.
  • the system is arranged in such manner that, when push-piece 23 is left free to move toward the front, release lever 24 which, up to then, was maintained by said push-piece 23 in a position such that notch 22 formed an abutment for the upper part of lever 21, as above indicated, swings in the anti-clockwise direction under the effect of springs 19 acting through piece 17 so that notch 22 releases the top portion of lever 21, which then moves toward the rear, together with wedges 16, so that sears 11 are free to return into their active positions. Said sears then catch and hold breechblock body 1 in its rear position (open position).
  • FIGS. 10 to 12 for the sake of simplification, the trigger system is shown as being spread along a plane, the elements that play the same part as those illustrated by FIGS. 6 to 8 being designated by the same reference numerals respectively.
  • the wedges 16 of FIGS. 6 to 8, which act transversely on the rear ends of sears 11, which oscillate in a plane perpendicular to that of FIG. 8, are replaced by cams 16 acting directly upon the rear ends of sears 11, which oscillate in the very plane of FIGS. to 12.
  • FIG. 9 shows how, in an embodiment of the present invention, the rear end of return spring 2 is supported in a firearm similar to that of FIGS. 6 to 8.
  • this rear end of spring 2 merely applied against the rear wall of back block 3, as in the construction of FIGS. 6 to 8, this rear end bears against a flange 25 provided at the rear end of a sleeve 26 mounted sl-idable about buffer spring and extending inside return spring 2.
  • Said rear end of sleeve 26 is operative-1y connected with a system forming the equivalent of the auxiliary sear 8 of FIGS. 1 to 3 as it will be hereinafter explained with reference to FIGS. 10 to 12.
  • FIG. 9 shows the position of the parts of the system at the end of a rearward stroke of breechblock 1. Buffer spring 15 is then compressed, after which it expands and launches back breechblock 1 in the forward direction.
  • Two link systems are provided, one between said projection and an intermediate point of differential lever 21 and the other between the lower end of said differential lever 21 and the trigger member proper.
  • a primary lever which comprises a downward branch 31 and a forward branch 32 is pivoted to the framework or casing of the firearm about an axis 33.
  • the end of the downward branch 31 extends behind projection 36', with which it is kept in contact because said projection 30 is pushed toward the rear by return spring 2 whereas another spring 5 urges said branch 31 of the primary lever toward the front.
  • a secondary lever which comprises two branches 34 and 35 is pivoted to the framework of the firearm about an axis as located at the same level as axis 33, forwardly thereof.
  • Branch 34 is substantially horizontal, extending toward the rear so that its end part passes under the end of the forward branch 32 of the primary lever.
  • the second branch 35 of the secondary lever extends downwardly and has an intermediate point 37 thereof (located at about mid-height) connected through a link 38 with a point 39 of the rear end of piece 17, which plays the same part as the inverted U-shaped piece 17 of FIGS. 6 to 8.
  • Point 39 is close to the pivot pin 20 through which piece 17 is pivotally connected to differential lever 21, equivalent to that above described with reference to FIGS. 6 to 8.
  • the above mentioned .spring 5 extends between the downward branches 31 and 35 of the primary and secondary levers respectively.
  • a link 40 connects the lower end of differential lever 21 with the upper end of the top branch 41 of a control lever pivoted to the framework of .the firearm about an axis 42 located under differential lever 21.
  • the lower branch 43 of said control lever which is longer than its top branch 41 and which is urged in the clockwise direction by a spring 44 toward a fixed abutment 45, is adapted to cooperate with a locking member 46 to be referred to hereinafter.
  • a spring 48 urges said locking member 47 in the anticlockwise direction so as to tend to bring its rear end toward the end of the downward branch 35 of the secondary lever.
  • the top branch 41 of the control lever carries a projection 49 adapted to cooperate with a pin 50 of locking member 47 to urge it in the clockwise direction, thus compressing spring 48, when control lever 41-43 is itself pivoted in the clockwise direction.
  • a trigger lever 51 pivoted to the framework of the firearm about an axis 52 and urged upwardly by a spring 53, comprises two arms 54 and 55.
  • Arm 54 cooperates with the above mentioned locking member 46 (which is pivoted to the framework of the firearm about an axis 55), in such manner that, when the gunner depresses lever 51, said arm 54 pushes locking member 46 away from the position (toward which it is urged by a spring 57) where it acts as a rear abutment for the lower end of the arm 43 of control lever 41-43.
  • the other arm 55 of trigger lever 51 cooperates with a pawl 58 pivoted to the framework of the firearm and subjected to the action of a spring 59.
  • the arm 55 of this lever permits this spring 59 to keep pawl 53 in the position where it holds the lower branch 43 of control lever 41-43 in its rearmost position (FIGS. 11 and 12) where, as long as push-piece 23 (mentioned with respect to FIGS. 6 to 8) remains pushed toward the right by spring 27, sear 11 is kept out of action and the firearm is firing a burst.
  • FIGS. 9-11 works as follows:
  • trigger lever 51 In order to fire a burst, trigger lever 51 is fully depressed so that the arm 54 of this lever pushes locking member 46 away from the path of travel of the lower endi of lever 41-43, which is then free to move in the anti-- clockwise direction.
  • the thrust of return spring 2 is; then allowed to move several parts which, up to then, were prevented from moving by their connection with control lever 41-43 previously blocked by locking member 46 in the position of FIG. 10.
  • the movements that. take place are as follows:
  • Projection 30, carried by flange 25, is pushed toward the rear (i.e. toward the right) by return spring 2.
  • lever 31-32 pivot in the anti-clockwise direction and to transmit to lever 34-35 a pivoting displacement in the clockwise direction.
  • Lever branch 35 pushes, through link 33, piece 17 which pivots in the clockwise direction and acts upon sear 11 to move it into inoperative position, thus releasing breechblock 1, which is launched toward the front (i.e. toward the right) by return spring 2.
  • breechblock 1 Upon every shot being fired, breechblock 1 recoils and spring 2 is again compressed. The force of this spring 2 once more becomes greater than that of spring 5 and it pushes back projection toward the right, the parts returning into the position shown in solid lines in FIG. 11.
  • Automatic firing thus goes on, and stops only when trigger lever 51 is released.
  • said lever 51 pivots in the clockwise direction under the effect of its spring 53 and its arm pushes pawl 58 in the anti-clockwise direction against the action of spring 59.
  • Spring 44 pulls lever branch 43 toward the left, thus causing lever 41-43 to pivot in the clockwise direction until it is again blocked by locking member 46 which has pivoted in the clockwise direction as a consequence of the displacement of the arm 54 of trigger lever 51.
  • primary lever 31-32 therefore oscillates between the two positions shown by FIG. 11, respectively in solid lines and in dotted lines.
  • push-piece 23 is prevents through means not shown, from moving toward the front (i.e. toward the left in FlGS. iii-l2), despite the efforts exerted thereon in this direction by lever 24, itself acted upon by differential lever 21 the top part of which is engaged in the notch 22 of said lever 24.
  • the means in question temporarily release push-piece 23, which then slides toward the front under the action of said lever 21, which then escapes from notch 22.
  • this lever 21 Under the action of spring 5, which is then stronger than spring 2 and the action of which is transmitted through lever branch 35 and link 33, this lever 21 then swings in the clockwise direction about the pivot pin connecting it to link 4%) and causes piece 17 to move toward the rear and to release sear 11, which is then brought by its return spring into active position, so as to catch breechblock 1 on the next recoil stroke thereof produced by the firing of the last cartridge of the belt.
  • spring 2 then exerts a strong thrust on primary lever 31-32 in the anti-clockwise direction. But since the secondary lever 34-35 is locked by member 47 and control lever 41-43 is locked by pawl 58, piece 17 cannot be moved toward the front.
  • An automatic firearm which comprises, in combination, a barrel provided with a cartridge chamber, a breechblock slidable with respect to said barrel between a cartridge chamber closing position and a rearmost cartridge chamber opening position, a return spring operatively connected with said breechblock for being tension-ed by it during its movement from cartridge chamber closing position toward cartridge chamber opening position, sear means for holding said breechblock in cartridge chamber opening position, said sear means comprising a movable member subjected to the action of said return spring, an auxiliary spring operatively connected with said movable member to act thereon in a direction opposed to that in which said return spring is acting thereon, said two springs being of such arrangement and force that said return spring is preponderating when said breechbiock is in its rearmost cartridge chamber opening position and said auxiliary spring is preponderating when said breechblock is in cartridge chamber closing position, said sear means further comprising a main sear for retaining said breechbiock in its rearmost cartridge chamber opening position, and an auxiliary se
  • a firearm according to claim 1 further comprising a pawl operative by said trigger and operatively connected with said last mentioned means for locking said means in the position corresponding to the disengagement of said main sear as long as said trigger is kept in the position where it retracts said auxiliary sear.
  • An automatic firearm which comprises, in combination, a barrel provided with a cartridge chamber, a breechblock slidable with respect to said barrel between a cartridge chamber closing position and a rearmost cartridge chamber opening position, a cartridge feed mechanism for feeding cartridges to said cartridge chamber, a return spring operatively connected with said breechbloek for being tensioned by it during its movement from cartridge chamber closing position toward cartridge chamber opening position, sear means for holding said breechblock in cartridge chamber opening position said sear rneans comprising a movable member subjected to the action of said return spring, an auxiliary spring operatively connected with said movable member to act thereon in a direction opposed to that in which said return spring is acting thereon, said two springs being of such arrangement and force that said return spring is preponderating when said breechblock is in its rearmost cartridge chamber opening position and said auxiliary spring is preponderating when said breechblock is in cartridge chamber closing position, said sear means further comprising a main sear for retaining said bre
  • An automatic firearm which comprises, in combination, a barrel provided with a cartridge chamber, a breechblocl: slidable with respect to said barrel between a cartridge chamber closing position and a cartridge chamber opening position, a return spring operatively connected with said breechblock for being tensioned by it during its movement from cartridge chamber closing position toward cartridge chamber opening position, a retractable sear for holding said breechblock in cartridge chamber opening position, and releasing means for retracting said sear from said breechblock holding position, and means, exclusive of said breechblock, interposed between said return spring and said releasing means, for transmitting to said releasing means, for operation thereof, the energy stored up in said return spring when said breechblock is in cartridge chamber opening position.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Operating, Guiding And Securing Of Roll- Type Closing Members (AREA)
US239882A 1961-11-30 1962-11-26 Servo-trigger mechanisms for automatic firearms of the open breech type Expired - Lifetime US3174400A (en)

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LU40889 1961-11-30

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US3174400A true US3174400A (en) 1965-03-23

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US239882A Expired - Lifetime US3174400A (en) 1961-11-30 1962-11-26 Servo-trigger mechanisms for automatic firearms of the open breech type

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US (1) US3174400A (cs)
BE (1) BE624712A (cs)
CH (1) CH395802A (cs)
DE (1) DE1294269B (cs)
ES (1) ES282661A1 (cs)
FR (1) FR1344595A (cs)
GB (1) GB977269A (cs)
LU (1) LU40889A1 (cs)
NL (1) NL285852A (cs)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160370135A1 (en) * 2015-05-18 2016-12-22 Francis M. Plumb Recoil Impulse Reducing Bolt Carrier Group for Firearms

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2427304A (en) * 1942-09-30 1947-09-09 Robbins Charles William Automatic sear release for firearms

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH290619A (de) * 1949-06-04 1953-05-15 Oerlikon Buehrle Ag Abzugvorrichtung an automatischen Feuerwaffen.
BE502937A (cs) * 1950-05-03

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2427304A (en) * 1942-09-30 1947-09-09 Robbins Charles William Automatic sear release for firearms

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160370135A1 (en) * 2015-05-18 2016-12-22 Francis M. Plumb Recoil Impulse Reducing Bolt Carrier Group for Firearms

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NL285852A (cs) 1965-02-10
DE1294269B (de) 1969-04-30
CH395802A (fr) 1965-07-15
FR1344595A (fr) 1963-11-29
LU40889A1 (cs) 1962-01-29
ES282661A1 (es) 1963-03-16
GB977269A (en) 1964-12-02
BE624712A (cs) 1963-03-01

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