US3164090A - Plastic ammunition cartridge - Google Patents

Plastic ammunition cartridge Download PDF

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Publication number
US3164090A
US3164090A US138870A US13887061A US3164090A US 3164090 A US3164090 A US 3164090A US 138870 A US138870 A US 138870A US 13887061 A US13887061 A US 13887061A US 3164090 A US3164090 A US 3164090A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
plastic
metal
core
finished
blank
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US138870A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Charles O Williams
Charles E Miller
John S Metcalf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Olin Corp
Original Assignee
Olin Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE622518D priority Critical patent/BE622518A/xx
Application filed by Olin Corp filed Critical Olin Corp
Priority to US138870A priority patent/US3164090A/en
Priority to GB33526/62A priority patent/GB991577A/en
Priority to DEO8974A priority patent/DE1291891B/de
Priority to FR909715A priority patent/FR1333628A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3164090A publication Critical patent/US3164090A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C67/00—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00
    • B29C67/0014—Shaping techniques not covered by groups B29C39/00 - B29C65/00, B29C70/00 or B29C73/00 for shaping tubes or blown tubular films
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C57/00—Shaping of tube ends, e.g. flanging, belling or closing; Apparatus therefor, e.g. collapsible mandrels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B5/00—Cartridge ammunition, e.g. separately-loaded propellant charges
    • F42B5/26—Cartridge cases
    • F42B5/30—Cartridge cases of plastics, i.e. the cartridge-case tube is of plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B7/00—Shotgun ammunition
    • F42B7/02—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile
    • F42B7/06—Cartridges, i.e. cases with propellant charge and missile with cartridge case of plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2023/00—Use of polyalkenes or derivatives thereof as moulding material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
    • B29K2995/0037—Other properties
    • B29K2995/0041—Crystalline
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/777—Weapons
    • B29L2031/7772—Cartridges

Definitions

  • the metal head is customary and its presence has come to be expected as desirable, especially in shells with an exceptionally heavy powder, load, or in shells to be fired at exceptionally low temperatures, such as occur in the arctic, where cracking in the shell wall is most likely to occur, if at all. In any event, it is necessary, whenever, the metal head is provided, that it be firmly secured to the rest of the shell and remain so,
  • One object of this invention is to provide a metal headed plastic shell of fewer' components, by
  • the body of the cartridge is formed at' leastin the description of a preferred embodiment when taken together with the accompanying drawing wherein.
  • FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view partially in cross section showing one form of suitable blank from which the cartridge case is made according to this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view in partial cross section showing another form of suitable blank
  • FIG. 3 is an exploded view in cross section showing the parts of a modification of thetype of blank shown in FIGURE 1;
  • FIG. 4 is an elevational view in cross section showing part of one suitable apparatus in its open position in cluding a blank of the type shown in FIGURE 1 after the parts of the blank are nested together and emplaced for I further processing;
  • FIG. 5 is an enlargedjfragmentary viewof part of the apparatus of FIGURE 4 and of part of the processed blank; and I r I V FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a finished shot shell with part of it cut away to better illustrate the structure obtained.
  • plastic such as of linear high density polyethylene-or of polypropylene preferably of highly isotacticcharac ter, or the like polyolefin or similarly crystalline plastic susceptible'of shaping to final finished configuration not onlyv of the base, but also of the rim and the tubular sidewall.
  • the rim of the metal head is formed to final finished shape to press against and give better grip on a compressively formed rim portion of theplastic body forming a plastic appendage at the base of the body.
  • - jacket may be entirely rimless or may have a partially elimination of the base wad without impairing the securement between the metal head and the rest'of' the shell.
  • Another object is to provide a plastic shot shell of improved strength in the tubular wall and improved securement of the plastic despite use of fewer components.
  • Another object of the invention' is the provision of a novel process for making a'plastic shot shell having a metallic head.
  • a further object of the invention is the provision of a novel process for shaping a shot shell having aplastic body and a metal head where the'metal andthe plastic are shaped simultaneously.
  • Still another object is' to provide a shell whereinlthe components are secured 'together in fewer steps for economy of fabrication.
  • a metal cup only partially expanded to an unfinished rim adjacent the base may be used.
  • the plastic core may be injection molded to fill this embryonicrim and the metalcup except for the contoured upper end and :a central bore therethroug'n,
  • the core may be a separable cylindrical piece having no rim and is inserted just prior to the compression forming oper'ationduring which the plastic is compressed and forced to form the' whole plastic a 0
  • a further feature of the invention is the provision of plastic to the final rim contour.
  • the cuprnay be a simple rimlessishell and the plastic injection core molded therein-or provided as a preformed cylindrical insert. During compression under this con dition,.the whole metal rim :is expandedand crimped to.
  • Compression forming makes possible all parts to be made to finished dimension, an advantage especially in making a plasticrnctal composite article where at least three portions of the plastic differ in shape, thickness, and function, at least one of which must be thicker than the rest which nevertheless must be as strong or stronger, and where the metal must have a shape complementary to a part of the plastic body.
  • the temperature is maintained preferably at an elevated range.
  • the working temperatures are held well below the range from about 275 F. to about 265 F., and working occurs preferably from about 200 F. to slightly below about 265 F. for available grades and makes of the crystalline thermoplastic. Compression at about 240 F. has been found suitable for this type.
  • the limiting temperature is somewhat higher and forming occurs below the much wider range from about 275 F. to about BBC-335 F. Compression of this plastic is contemplated at temperatures from about 200 to about 335 F. Contrary to stretch forming, shaping need not be confined to a sharply limited narrow range hovering extremely closely to the crystalline melt temperature and difficult to maintain.
  • the degree of crystallinity of the thermoplastic is preferably as high as possible; with polypropylene a high degree of isotacticity is also preferred.
  • the blank is in the form of a two-piece slug the parts of which are separate and consist of a plastic core 1 insertable into a metal cup 4 as shown in FIG. 4.
  • This metal cup is of thin walled construction and has an open end 8 and a nearly closed end 9 having a base perforation 5 with inward primer-holding tabs 6 around the perforation. These correspond with the bore 3 of the plastic core. At the bottom edge 7 this cup is rounded. At one end the core has a concavo-convex contour 2 of the type shown. This is put next to the open cup end 8 where it is adapted for coaction with the end 31 of the punch 3d of the typical processing apparatus shown where in FIG.
  • the punch end 31 is fiat faced, rounded at the edge and then is circumferentially more sharply tapered than at the tapered part 32 which is of smallest diameter adjacent 31 and of largest diameter remotely from 31.
  • the tapered external surface 32 of the punch when the latter is driven toward die plug 61, cooperates with the. reversely tapered internal surface 68 of thebore of die 60.
  • the blank again includes a piece of plastic 11 which, however, is injection molded as a fixed core in metal cup 14 and concavo-convexly contoured at 12 next the open cup end 18.
  • This core is molded to have a bore 13 aligned with the opening 15 between the primer tabs 16 at the closed end 1).
  • the cup is bulged to less than finished outer size and shape and a filler 2t? of the molded core extends into this bulge.
  • Bulge l7 and filler 2d are adapted to be reformed in the appa ratus of FIG. 4 to final rim shape 47 (FIG. 6).
  • FIG. 3 shows how the core '71 may be somewhat longer and more deeply contoured at end 72 and may be provided with a somewhat dilferent and much shallower cup 2 3, from the open end 28 of which contoured end 72 extends quite a bit beyond as compared to FIG. 1.
  • Cup 24 has bulge 27 around the outer edge concentric with the central perforation 25 in the cup bottom 29 having primer holding tabs 26 extendable into the bore 3 of the plastic. .
  • the plastic core may be molded to fill bulge 27 and extend up out of the cup 24 beyond open end 28.
  • the blank of FIG. 1 undergoes the greatest binary deformation of compression 'plastically in contrast to the elastic deformation of'an elastomer.
  • the least severe binary deformation occurs at the rim of the blank of FIG. 2.
  • Deformation of intermediate severity occurs with the slug of FIG. 3.
  • the compressive deformation goes beyond the elastic limit and the plastic is changedin shape plastically and permanently at least in the finished tubular shell wall 48 and in the lip portion 59 of the finished shell also sufiioiently to effect a final shaping of the metal blank.
  • the plastic lip 59 is here pinched in finished metal rim 5''] to form the whole shell extraction rim' 47 composed of metal at 57 and plastic at 59.
  • the compression of the plastic works a deformation of the metallic part of the blank at 7, 17, or 27 simultaneously with the plastic part of'the blank to make a finished composite metal-plastic part of the article at the rim 47
  • the projected plastic at 59 is also strengthened by compressive deformation between the body of plastic at base 49 and the body of deformed metal at .57.
  • the result is a further improvement over a metal-plastic compositewherein the plastic is injection molded to final finished shape in a metal part of final finished shape.
  • the tubular portion 48 of the shell is of a construction providing a plastic shell structure resistant to shoot-cit, i.e. severing of at least a portion of the front part of the shell from the rimmed head portion or the rest of the tubular portion.
  • extension of the plastic occurs insofar as possible toward a converging end of a die passage, such as that in which the shell tube and shell rim form, especially the former.
  • Die bore 68 and its enlargement 84 form the die shoulder 85 opposed to face 65 of the movable die plug 61 to form an adjustable annular die cavity 86'.
  • both the metal edge 7 and the adjacent part of the plastic core are deformed to the configuration of cavity 86.
  • the face 65 and shoulder 85 are brought together in final spacing.
  • FIG. 5 shows that after the die apparatus is put in its hereinafter described closed position, is shown in FIG. 5, where a lip 59 of the plastic has been deformed outwardly to project from the base 49 between the metal walls 57 of the finished shell rim 4'7.
  • the result is not only a simultaneous fabrication of the metal cup at the rim and of the plastic base at the rim, but also a strengthening and locking action. 7
  • this action includes a compression of part of the plastic base 49 between metal rim 47 and the primer tabs 46 to also improve the grip on the primer 40.
  • binary deformation is meant the complex simultaneous formation of metal and plastic.
  • the concave-convex end shape in the blank may be varied from a rather shallow dished end to a deeply recessed end, each providing a relatively thick tapered annulus preferred for concomitant wedge action where the deformation is to be extensive as it is in the tube as compared to the rim where binary deformation is relied upon.
  • a metal-headed, resinous plastic shot shell case having a relatively thick generally cylindrical base portion, a relatively thin tubular wall portion extending from one end of said base portion longitudinally to at least a final finished length terminating in an open end, and a rim flange portion extending radially from the other end of said base portion, said portions being integrally formed from one piece of resinous plastic material, and a metal head encasing at least a part of said base portion to extend over the rim flange portion, said method comprising (a) nesting a core of said material in the solid state within a mating cup-shaped piece of said metal to form a blank in a die in its open position, said metal piece having the configuration of a partially formed shot shell head,
  • a metal-headed, resinous plastic shot shell case having a relatively thick generally cylindrical base portion, a rel-ativelythin tubular wall portion extending from one end of said base portion longitudinally to at least a final finished length terminating in an open end, and a rim flange portion extending radially from the other end of said base portion, said portions being integral, said case being formed from a blank comprising in assembly (1) a core of resinous plastic material in the solid state having a construction such as to include a height in excess of the thickness of said base butless than said length and to include a sufficiency of said material to be longitudinally and radially deformable out of said core to provide said wall portion to at least said length and to provide said flange portion, respectively, while forming said base portion and (2) a cup-shaped piece of metal containing said core and being of a size .so as to adapt said piece toreceive said core and be receivedwith said core concentrically in a die for simultaneous deformation with said core in said die having the final finished configuration 0

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
US138870A 1961-09-18 1961-09-18 Plastic ammunition cartridge Expired - Lifetime US3164090A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE622518D BE622518A (en(2012)) 1961-09-18
US138870A US3164090A (en) 1961-09-18 1961-09-18 Plastic ammunition cartridge
GB33526/62A GB991577A (en) 1961-09-18 1962-08-31 Ammunition cartridge
DEO8974A DE1291891B (de) 1961-09-18 1962-09-17 Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Schrotpatronenhuelse
FR909715A FR1333628A (fr) 1961-09-18 1962-09-18 Cartouche en matière plastique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US138870A US3164090A (en) 1961-09-18 1961-09-18 Plastic ammunition cartridge

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3164090A true US3164090A (en) 1965-01-05

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ID=22484030

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US138870A Expired - Lifetime US3164090A (en) 1961-09-18 1961-09-18 Plastic ammunition cartridge

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US (1) US3164090A (en(2012))
BE (1) BE622518A (en(2012))
DE (1) DE1291891B (en(2012))
GB (1) GB991577A (en(2012))

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3349459A (en) * 1964-10-19 1967-10-31 Fed Cartridge Corp Method of making plastic tubes
US3351014A (en) * 1961-09-01 1967-11-07 Olin Mathieson Biaxially oriented plastic shot shell
US3491691A (en) * 1968-03-07 1970-01-27 Vawter Ammunition Inc Shell casing and its method of manufacture
US4928598A (en) * 1986-06-13 1990-05-29 Rheinmetall Gmbh Propelling charge case

Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE55746C (de) * ACTIENGESELLSCHAFT FÜR CARTONNAGEN-INDUSTRIE in Dresden Platzpatrone und deren Herstellung
US192676A (en) * 1877-07-03 Improvement in metallic cartridges
US298696A (en) * 1884-05-13 Glkynoch
US2130254A (en) * 1934-07-30 1938-09-13 Philips Nv Method of molding tubular members
US2158044A (en) * 1929-05-18 1939-05-09 Hygrade Sylvanla Corp Method of making contactor bases for electric lamps, tubes, and the like
US2347101A (en) * 1941-05-20 1944-04-18 Us Rubber Co Method of making corrugated tubes
US2349970A (en) * 1939-05-26 1944-05-30 Lambeek Adriaan Jan Jurriaan Cartridge case
US2408630A (en) * 1943-10-21 1946-10-01 Lee B Green Apparatus for molding plastic material
US2684502A (en) * 1949-09-30 1954-07-27 Paulve Marcel Luc Amedee Method of making cartridges
US2876496A (en) * 1955-12-16 1959-03-10 Dade Reagents Inc Process for making tubes
US2897758A (en) * 1956-09-17 1959-08-04 Olin Mathieson Metallic shotshell
US2953990A (en) * 1953-12-11 1960-09-27 Olin Mathieson Ammunition
US2987775A (en) * 1957-07-10 1961-06-13 Ransom C Albrecht Method of forming plastic containers
US3103170A (en) * 1960-06-21 1963-09-10 Remington Arms Co Inc Tubing for cartridge casings and the like and method of making the same

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE883065C (de) * 1941-01-14 1953-07-13 Heinrich Ritter Verfahren zum Herstellen eines kunstharzhaltigen UEberzuges auf metallischen Gefaessen

Patent Citations (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE55746C (de) * ACTIENGESELLSCHAFT FÜR CARTONNAGEN-INDUSTRIE in Dresden Platzpatrone und deren Herstellung
US192676A (en) * 1877-07-03 Improvement in metallic cartridges
US298696A (en) * 1884-05-13 Glkynoch
US2158044A (en) * 1929-05-18 1939-05-09 Hygrade Sylvanla Corp Method of making contactor bases for electric lamps, tubes, and the like
US2130254A (en) * 1934-07-30 1938-09-13 Philips Nv Method of molding tubular members
US2349970A (en) * 1939-05-26 1944-05-30 Lambeek Adriaan Jan Jurriaan Cartridge case
US2347101A (en) * 1941-05-20 1944-04-18 Us Rubber Co Method of making corrugated tubes
US2408630A (en) * 1943-10-21 1946-10-01 Lee B Green Apparatus for molding plastic material
US2684502A (en) * 1949-09-30 1954-07-27 Paulve Marcel Luc Amedee Method of making cartridges
US2953990A (en) * 1953-12-11 1960-09-27 Olin Mathieson Ammunition
US2876496A (en) * 1955-12-16 1959-03-10 Dade Reagents Inc Process for making tubes
US2897758A (en) * 1956-09-17 1959-08-04 Olin Mathieson Metallic shotshell
US2987775A (en) * 1957-07-10 1961-06-13 Ransom C Albrecht Method of forming plastic containers
US3103170A (en) * 1960-06-21 1963-09-10 Remington Arms Co Inc Tubing for cartridge casings and the like and method of making the same

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3351014A (en) * 1961-09-01 1967-11-07 Olin Mathieson Biaxially oriented plastic shot shell
US3349459A (en) * 1964-10-19 1967-10-31 Fed Cartridge Corp Method of making plastic tubes
US3491691A (en) * 1968-03-07 1970-01-27 Vawter Ammunition Inc Shell casing and its method of manufacture
US4928598A (en) * 1986-06-13 1990-05-29 Rheinmetall Gmbh Propelling charge case

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB991577A (en) 1965-05-12
DE1291891B (de) 1969-04-03
BE622518A (en(2012))

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