US3150865A - Fluid heating process and apparatus - Google Patents

Fluid heating process and apparatus Download PDF

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Publication number
US3150865A
US3150865A US233553A US23355362A US3150865A US 3150865 A US3150865 A US 3150865A US 233553 A US233553 A US 233553A US 23355362 A US23355362 A US 23355362A US 3150865 A US3150865 A US 3150865A
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Prior art keywords
regenerator
combustion
recuperator
temperature
conduit
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US233553A
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English (en)
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Goeke Eberhard
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Heinrich Koppers GmbH
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Heinrich Koppers GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B9/00—Stoves for heating the blast in blast furnaces
    • C21B9/10—Other details, e.g. blast mains
    • C21B9/12—Hot-blast valves or slides for blast furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B9/00—Stoves for heating the blast in blast furnaces
    • C21B9/16—Cooling or drying the hot-blast

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the heating of fluids and in particular to the heating of air which is blown into a blast furnace to form the blast therein.
  • the interior of the regenerator is provided with a sufilciently heat-resistant material, it is possible to direct through the regenerator a hot fluid which will provide in the regenerator the temperature necessary to heat the air which subsequently passes there through to the desired temperature.
  • the blast furnace gas which issues from the blast furnace for the purpose of heating the regenerator, because of the relatively low cost of the blast furnace gas, but such gas is of relatively small heating capability and burns at a relatively low temperature.
  • regenerator With the products of combustion derived from a suitable gas of high caloric content which will burn at an extremely high temperature, and it is also possible to avoid any preheating of the combustible fluid and to mix the blast furnace gas with an additional gas which burns at high temperature so as to obtain the desired but fluid for heating the regenerator in this way, but in both of these cases the cost of the operations is undesirably high.
  • the objects of the present invention include the provision of a process and apparatus which will use only air and relatively inexpensive gas of low heating capability, such as blast furnace gas, which will burn at a relatively low temperature, so that the cost of the operation can be maintained relatively low.
  • gas of low heating capability such as blast furnace gas
  • the invention includes, in a process for heating a fluid, the steps of applying to a regenertaor, in order to heat the same, the products of combustion derived from the burning of a combustible fluid, and in accordance with the present invention this combustible fluid, before it is burned, is preheated not only with gases discharging from the regenerator but also with an additional heat which together with the heat derived from the gases from the regenerator will maintain the temperature of the preheated gas, just before it is burned, substantially constant, and of course at a value which will provide upon burning of this combustible fluid the desired relatively high temperature, as referred to above.
  • the apparatus of the invention includes a regenerator and a combustion means communicating therewith for directing combustion products thereto.
  • a recuperator means is provided, and a first conduit means provides communication between the regenerator and the recuperator means for directing to the recuperator means the gasses which discharge from the regenerator.
  • Second conduit means passes through the recuperator means to the combustion means, and directs a combustible fluid to the latter, so that this combustible fluid will of course be preheated by the gas which discharges from the regenerator and passes through the first conduit means into the recuperator means.
  • an adjustable burner means which will add to the gas which flows from the regenerator to the recuperator means an amount of heat which will maintain the temperature of the preheated combustible fluid substantially constant as ,ing of the combustion means 4.
  • a thermostat means in the second conduit means at the part thereof located betweenthe recuperator means and the combustion means senses the tempertaure of the combustion fluid and is connected with the adjustable burner means to regulate the latter to automatically add to the fluid which flows into the recuperator means the amount of heat required to maintain the preheated combustible fluid at a constant temperature just before it is burned.
  • the adjustable burner means burns some of the combustible fluid from the secnd conduit means before this portion of the combustible fluid reaches the recuperator means.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side elevation of structure which illustrate the principle of the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a top plan view diagrammatically illustrating the invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow diagram illustrating one possible operation with the process and apparatus of the invention.
  • regenerator 3 which can have the construction of a conventional checkerbrick interchanger well known in the art.
  • a combustion means 4 communicates with the dome at the upper part of the regenerator 3.
  • the regenerator 3 has been heated sufiiciently, air which is to be heated passes therethrcugh, and for this purpose the air will enter the regenerator through the conduit 7 shown at the lower left of FIG. 1, and after passing upwardly through the regenerator 3 the air will move into the combustion chamber of the combustion means t, and will discharge from the latter out through the discharge conduit 23, from which the heated air will flow to the blast furnace, for example.
  • the products of combustion provided in the interior of the combustion means 4 are directed into the regenerator 3 to flow downwardly therealong, and these products of combustion discharge from the interior of the regenerator through the conduit 6 shown at the lower right portion of the regenerator 3 in FIG. 1.
  • the conduit '7 carries a suitable valve, as indicated at the lower left portion of FIG. 1, and in the same way the conduit 6 carries a suitable valve iii for closing and opening the conduit 6, depending upon whether the regenerator is being heated or whether it is giving up heat to air passing upwardly therethrough. In other words during heating of the regenerator the conduit 7 will be closed and the discharge conduit 6 will be open, while when the regenerator is giving up heat the conduit '7 is open and the conduit 6 is closed.
  • a combustible iluid is directed by a suitable conduit means to the combustion chamber 4-, so as to be burned therein, and for this purpose a burner of conventional construction is located at the lower portion of the hous-
  • a burner of conventional construction is located at the lower portion of the hous-
  • the conduit means for directing the combustible fluid to the burner 5 includes the pair of conduits 3.3 and 14 shown at the right portion of FIG. 1, the conduit 13 receiving blast furnace gas from the blast furnace while the conduit 14 receives combustion air which is combined with the blast furnace gas at the burner 5' so as to provide in the combustion means 4 products of combustion of the required high temperature which is on the order of l6b0 CI, for modern blast furnace practice, as pointed out above.
  • a recuperator 12 is provided.
  • the conduits 13 and 14 communicate respectively with the pair of coils which pass along the interior of the recuperator 12, and these coils respectively communicate with the conduits l7 and 18 which in turn respectively communicate with the conduits 15' and 16 which lead to the burner 5, and thus the conduit structure 1348 forms a conduit means for directing a combustible fluid through the recuperator 12 and to the combustion means 4 to be burned therein so as to provide hot combustion products which will fiow from the combustion means 4 through the regenerator 3 to heat the latter.
  • this conduit 6 communicates with a conduit 9 which in turn communicates with the recuperator 12, and it is the dis charge conduit 11 of the recuperator 12 Which is connected with a chimney, for example, so that the products of combustion issuing from the combustion chamber 4, after they have passed downwardly through the regenerator 3, will pass through the recuperator 12 to give up part of the heat in these products of combustion to the combustible fluid flowing in the coils which extend along the interior of the recuperator 12, so that in this way at least partial preheating of the combustible fluid, before it reaches the burner 5, is obtained.
  • an adjustable burner 23 which willed-d heat to the products of combustion which pass through the conduit 9 into the recuperator 12, and also in accordance with the present invention the adjustable burner 23 is regulated automatically in such a way that the amount of heat which it adds to the products of combustion entering the recuperator 12 through the conduit 9 will be suflicient to maintain the preheated cornbustible fluid leaving the recuperator 12 and flowing to the burner 5 at a constant temperature, so that in this way the combustion means 4 will provide during its entire operation a substantially constant relatively high temperature in the combustible fluid which flows therefrom to the regenerator 3.
  • the burner 23 will be regulated so. as to add to the products of combustion a diminishing amount of heat which will, when added to the heat in the products of combustion, preheat the combustible fluid flowing to the burner 5 in such a way as to maintain the temperature thereof constant.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates an arrangement where they are only two regenerators 1 and 2., for the sake of clearly illustrating the invention.
  • the regenerators 1 and 2 have a construction identical with regenerator '3 of FIG. 1, and it will be seen that each regenerator 1 and 2 communicates with a conduit '7 through which air to be heated is delivered into the interior of the regenerator, and the upper, dome-shaped end of each regenerator communicates with a combustion means 4 from which the heated air issues through the conduit 8, as described above, this heating of the air taking place when the combustion chamber 4 is not operating since it derives its heat from the previously heated regenerator.
  • FIG. 2 also illustrates the pair of discharge conduits 6 and their valves 10, as well as the conduit 9 which communicates with both of the discharge conduits 6 and which leads through a branch 21 into the recuperator 12 from which the products of combustion discharge to a suitable chimney or the like through the conduit 11. It is in the branch 21 or" the conduit 9 that the adjustable burner 23 is located.
  • one of the combustion chambers 4 will be operated to heat the regenerator with which it communicates, While the other previously heated regenerator will give up its heat to air which is being fed to the blast furnace.
  • the left valve of FIG. 2 may be opened and the left combustion means 4 will be operated to heat the regenerator 3t, while the right valve 10 of FIG.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the conduits l5 and 16 which receive the combustible fluid after it has been preheated in the recuperator 12, and these conduits and 16 carry suitable thermostats 2 2 which sense the temperature of the combustible fluid in the conduits l5 and 16.
  • These thermostats 22 are connected with (the burner 23 in a known way so as to regulate the burner 23 to provide more heat when the temperature or" the combustible fluid in the conduits l5 and is: is relatively low and less heat when the temperature of the combustible fluid in the conduits 15 and 16 is relatively high, the controls being arranged in such a way as to maintain the temperature of the combustible fluid flowing through the conduits 1543 to the burners or" the combustion means 4 substantially constant.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the conduits l5 and 16 which receive the combustible fluid after it has been preheated in the recuperator 12, and these conduits and 16 carry suitable thermostats 2 2 which sense the temperature of the combustible fluid in the conduits
  • FIG. 2 shows diagrammatically connections 22a and 22b between the thermostats 22 and valves 23%: and 23b which are respectively located in conducts 23a and 231) which feed combustible fluid to the burner 23, so that through these connections in a manner Well known in the art the valves 23'a and 231) will be automatically regulated to control the amount of combustible material reaching the burner 23.
  • the conduits l7 and 18 carry valves 19 and 20, respectively, and of course when the right combustion means 4 of FIG. 2 is operating the right valves 1? and 20 of FIG.
  • the fluid which is burned in the adjustable burner means 23 is derived from the conduits 13 and M by suitable additional conduits which communicate with the burner 23 as well as with the conduits 13 and 14 upstream of the recuperator 12, so that the additional heat provided by the burner 23 is obtained also from the blast furnace gas as well as the additional combustion air which flows in the conduit 14.
  • the invention also can be practiced with arrangements where the combustion means 4 is arranged within the regenerator 1 or 2.
  • the temperature of the products of combustion issuing through the conduit 6 into the conduit 9 during the heating of a regenerator will gradually increase during the heating period.
  • the temperature of the products of combustion reaching the conduit 9 may be on the order of 300 C.
  • the temperature may be 450 C.
  • the thermostats 22 will be adjusted so that the burner 23 will heat the products of combustion flowing through the conduit 9 into the recuperator 12 to such an extent that an average temperature of 500 C.
  • the process and apparatus of the invention can also be used with arrangements where the gas discharging from the heated recuperator is at a lower temperature, except that in this case more heat must be added to the products of combustion in order to provide the desired temperature in the preheated combustible fluid which reaches the burner 5.
  • the temperature of the products of combustion issuing through the conduit 6 are on the order of C. and at the end of the heating of the regenerator this temperature has increased to 250 C., while the average temperature of the gas issuing from the conduit ill is 180 C., then the thermostats are adjusted so as to provide through the burner 23 an average temperature of 500 C.
  • the combustible fluid may be heated to a temperature of 400 C., for example.
  • the gas and air in the same recuperator it is possible to provide separate recuperators for the blast furnace gas and for the combustion air, respectively.
  • FIG. 3 shows in a flow diagram the actual operation of a specific installation according to the present invention.
  • the blast furnace gas and combustion air flow along the conduits l3 and 1'4 shown at the lower part of FIG. 3 to the recuperator 12.
  • Upstream of the recuperator 12 part of the combustible fluid is directed through suitable conduits from the conduits l3 and 14 to the burner 23.
  • suitable conduits As may be seen from PEG.
  • the products of combustion issuing from the regenerator 31 during the heating thereof flow out of the latter at the rate of 72,600 cubic meters per hour, and at the beginning of the heating of the regenerator'the temperature of the products of combustion will be 372 C., while at the middle of the heating of the regenerator the temperature of the products of combustion is 442 C., and at the end of the heating of the regenerator the temperature of the products of combustion is 572 C.
  • the amount of combustible fluid constantly diminishes during the progress or" the operation, and at the beginning of the operation the total amount of fluid flowing through the recuperator is 81,440 cubic meters per hour, while at the middle of the operation the fluid 'fiowing through the recuperator is in an amount of 79,850 cubic meters per hour, while at the end of the operation there is only 77,142 cubic meters per hour of combustible fluid flowing through the recuperator and beyond the latter to the chimney.
  • the combustion air flows through the burner at the rate of 33,000 cubic meters per hour, while the blast furnace gas flows through the burner at the rate of 42,300 cubic meters per hour.
  • the gas leaves the recuperator 12 at the beginning of the operation at a temperature of 185 C., at the middle of the operation at a temperature of 180 C., and at the end of the operation at a temperature of C., so'that the gas discharging from the recuperator 12 to the chimney has a substantially constant temperature of C.
  • this regenerator 3 can be made of relatively small size since it is unnecessary for the checkerbricktherein to store as much heat 'as would be required if the temperature of the products of combustion were leaving the regenerator at a lower temperature.
  • this regenerator 3 requires only 60% of the checkerbrick required for a regenerator where the products of combustion issue therefrom at a temperature of approximately 180 C. Moreoventhe gas losses are maintained lower than has hitherto been possible, as was pointed out above, so that the efi'iciency of the operation is increased substantially.
  • thethermal efiiciency' of the entire system may be increased as much as 8%' with the process and apparatus of the invention, particularly as a result of thelowering or" the gas loss.
  • the gas loss is on the order of 30%, whereas with the process and apparatus of the invention the gas loss is only on the order of 10%.
  • conduits which respectively lead from the conduits 13 and 14 to the burner 23 carry adjustable valves which are controlled from the thermostats in a manner known in the art so that these valves will be automatically adjusted to provide regulated amounts of combustible fluid for theburner 23 in the manner described above.
  • a fluid-heating process comprising the steps of burning a combustible fluid; directing the products of combustion from the burning of said combustible fluid through a regenerator in which fluid will subsequently be heated; preheating combustible fluid prior to said burning thereof with the products of combustion which discharge from the regenerator as well as by additional heat added to the products of combustion; and adjusting the amount of additional added heat so that the resulting preheating will maintain the temperature of the preheated combustible fluid substantially constant throughout the entire heating of the regenerator.
  • a regenerator-heating process comprising the steps of directing a combustible fluid through a recuperator; burning the combustible fluid after it leaves the recuperator; directing the products of combustion from the burning of the combustible fluid to a regenerator; directing the gases which discharge from the regenerator through the recuperator to heat combustible fluid before it is burned; adding to the recuperator an amount of heat in addition to that derived from the products of combustion which discharge from the regenerator; and adjusting said amount of heat and the heat derived from said regenerator to an amount which will maintain the temperature of the combustible fluid leaving the recuperator to be burned substantially constant.
  • regenerator means in combination, regenerator means; recuperator means; first conduit means communicating with said regenerator means and said recuperator means for directing fluid which discharges from said regenerator means into said recuperator means; second conduit means extending through said recuperator means for directing a combustible fluid through said recuperator means to be heated therein by the fluid which reaches said recuperator means from said first conduit means; combustion means communicating with said sec ond conduit means and with said regenerator means for burning the combustible fluid after it has been heated in said recuperator means and for directing the products of combustion of said combustible fluid through said regenerator means, said products of combustion then forming the fluid which passes through said first conduit means from said regenerator means to said recuperator means; adjustable burner means carried by said first conduit means for additionally heating the fluid which passes through said first conduit means from said regenerator means to said recuperator means, said adjustable burner means being adapted to add to the fluid passing through said first conduit means an amount of heat which will maintain the temperature of the combustible fluid leaving said recuperator
  • regenerator means in combination, regenerator means; recuperator means; first conduit means communicating with said regenerator means and said recuperator means for directing fluid which discharges from said regenerator means into said recuperator means; second conduit means extending through said recuperator means for directing a combustible fluid through said recuperator means to be heated therein by the fluid which reaches said recuperator means from said first conduit means; combustion means communicating with said second conduit means and with said regenerator means for burning the combustible fluid after it has been heated in said recuperator means and for directing the products of combustion of said combustible fluid through said regenerator means, said products of combustion then forming the fluid which passes through said first conduit means from said regenerator means to said recuperator means; adjustable burner means carried by said first conduit means for additionally heating the fluid which passes through said first conduit means from said regenerator means to said recuperator means, said adjustable burner means being adapted to add to the fluid passing through said first conduit means an amount of heat which will maintain the temperature of the combustible fluid leaving said recuperator means and

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Air Supply (AREA)
  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
US233553A 1961-10-28 1962-10-29 Fluid heating process and apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3150865A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3284070A (en) * 1963-02-01 1966-11-08 Yawata Iron & Steel Co Hot blast stove having one common combustion chamber
US3304983A (en) * 1964-09-10 1967-02-21 Koppers Gmbh Heinrich Burner for blast furnace stoves
US4334861A (en) * 1980-09-26 1982-06-15 Bricmont & Associates, Inc. Method and apparatus for generating a hot air blast
US4452586A (en) * 1981-07-04 1984-06-05 Krupp-Koppers Gmbh Method of blast heating

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1376479A (en) * 1919-04-14 1921-05-03 Stoughton Bradley Smelting or fusing metallic substances
US1689042A (en) * 1926-08-09 1928-10-23 Frank R Mcgee Hot-blast stove
US3061292A (en) * 1959-06-22 1962-10-30 Kinney Eng Inc S P Blast heating system for blast furnaces and method of operating the same

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1376479A (en) * 1919-04-14 1921-05-03 Stoughton Bradley Smelting or fusing metallic substances
US1689042A (en) * 1926-08-09 1928-10-23 Frank R Mcgee Hot-blast stove
US3061292A (en) * 1959-06-22 1962-10-30 Kinney Eng Inc S P Blast heating system for blast furnaces and method of operating the same

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3284070A (en) * 1963-02-01 1966-11-08 Yawata Iron & Steel Co Hot blast stove having one common combustion chamber
US3304983A (en) * 1964-09-10 1967-02-21 Koppers Gmbh Heinrich Burner for blast furnace stoves
US4334861A (en) * 1980-09-26 1982-06-15 Bricmont & Associates, Inc. Method and apparatus for generating a hot air blast
US4452586A (en) * 1981-07-04 1984-06-05 Krupp-Koppers Gmbh Method of blast heating

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