US1564330A

US1564330A - Open-hearth furnace

Info

Publication number: US1564330A
Application number: US648253A
Authority: US
Inventors: Dyrssen Waldemar
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1923-06-28
Filing date: 1923-06-28
Publication date: 1925-12-08
Anticipated expiration: 1942-12-08

Description

Dec. 8, 1925- 1,564,330

. w. DYRSSEN OPEN HEARTH FURNACE Filed June 2 1323 3 Sheets-Sheet 50 72 22 10 52 '50" I 24 E i 52 1 24 2 ,64 62' r /0 l A I 2 24 I U21 2 i 1 INVENTOR Waldemar D/rssen.

BY w. W,

ATTOR EY c. 8 9 45" De I w. DYRSSEN OPEN HEARTH FURNACE Filed June 28, 1923 INVENTOR VWz/demarfi vrssen.

ATTOR EY Tin.

Dec 8, 1925- v 1,564,330

w. DYRSSEN OPEN HEARTH FURNACE} Filed June 28, 1,923 3 Sheets-Sheet 3 avwewtbz Vl a/aemak Dfrfien.

@531 @bgww M Patented fies. 8, $25.

All?

WALEDEMAB DYRSSEN, or HEW YGRK, 1h" Y.

ornn-nnan'rn nonit/son.

Application filed June as; was. Serial No. ceases.

To all whom it may concern:

' Be it known that I, WALDEMAR DYnssEN, a citizen of the United States, and resident of the city, county, and State of New York,

have invented certain new and useful Im-.

provenients" in' Open-Hearth Furnaces, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to open hearth furnace installations and particularly to that type of plant including a boiler which is adapted to be heated bywaste gases, and particularly to installations wherein part of the waste gases are taken directly from the melting chamber into a boiler and the remaining part of the gases are led through regenerators or checker-chambers to give up their heat thereto so that the combustion air or producer gas which is subsequently fed thereto will be preheated.

My invention is adapted to be used with the usual type of reversible furnace in which the gases are alternately withdrawn from the ends of the furnace and the combustion air'and fuel are alternately introduced from the opposite ends of the furnace. In order to control the direction or flow of that part of the waste gas which is to go directly to the boiler, alternately from each end of the furnace, it has heretofore been necessary to use valves in each of the tlues leading from the opposite ends-0f the furnace to the waste heat boiler. Such valves must necessarily be placed in the tines through which the gases of excessively high temperature flow. If these valves are not water-cooled to an-extremely high degree they are destroyed in very short time and when they are watercooledgthe waste gases are cooled down and hence give up a large portion of heatwhich cannot be recovered as energy in the boiler.

In the "furnace embodying my invention I avoid the use of any valves whatever in the tines leading from the furnace to the boiler. There is 'a fine connecting each end of the furnace with. the waste heat boiler and I provide means whereby I can cause the waste gas to flow from either end of the furnace to the boiler without tbeuse of any valves in the tines. In the furnace shown I control the passage of waste gas to the boiler by introducing a jet of gas under pressure at such a v oint between the melting chamber and the oiler that a suction is created on the waste gases which are withdrawn from the melting chamber in such manner that there will be no passage of gas through the due leading from the boiler to the end of the furnace where the "fuel and combustion air enter.

In order to maintain this action under varying conditions, either during each period of reversal or during the progress of the heat, ll provide means for automatically regulating the quantity or pressure of the gas supplied to the jets.

An embodiment of the invention is illus trated in the accompanying drawings in which Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic plan showing the furnace in horizontal section, the regenerators, the waste heat boiler. the connecting fines and associated equipment:

Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section through the furnace on the staggered line 22-ot Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a transverse section through one and of the furnace on the line 3'3 of Fig. 2; and Fig. i is a similar section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 5 is a diagrammatical plan showing the same furnace illustrated in Fig. 1 and in addition showing the automatic means for regulating the supply of fiuidto certain jets and also ,the automatic means for controlling the volume of gas drawn through the waste heat boiler.

In the drawings the furnace 10 is formed with rear walls 12 and front walls 1% having suitable charging openings 16 therein which are closed by doors, not shown. The furnace is provided with the usual roof 18., hearth 20, tapping spout 22 and fines 24: and 24 at opposite ends of the furnace. does 24 and 2d communicate with

slag pockets

26 and 26 and these in turn communicatewith the regenerators or

checker chambers

28 and 28. The lowerpart of the regenerator chambers 28 and 28'- are connected by fines 30 and 30' with a stack 32. Valves or

dampers

34 and 34 are provided in the last named fines for controlling the direction of flow of the waste gases and combustion air through the furnace. A stock damper 36 is common to both fl 318$ 30 and 30 and also the flue 38 which leads to the waste heat boiler lfl. The fine 38 is provided with a control damper 39 whereby the volume of gas flowing through said flue 38 to the stack can be controlled.

A. fan 42 is provided for withdrawing part of the waste gases from the flue 38 through pipe 44. and discharging such gas through either of the pipes 46-01 at accord- The through the

respective fines

54 and 54 to the boiler 40, it being understood that the reversing valve 48 can be shifted to render either set of

nozzles

50 or 50 effective.

A blower 56 is provided for supplying air 1 to the respective ends of thefurnacethrough the

regene'rators

28 and 28 this blower being connected by

branch pipes

58 and 58 with the

fines

30 and 30 leading to the re- ,generators. A reversing valve 60 is provided for controlling the direction of flow to either end of the furnace.

In operation assuming that the valve 3% is closed and the.reversing valve 60 is in the full line position shown, air will be forced by the blower through the branch 58 and the. flue to the regenerator 28 where it will be preheated. This heated air passes through 'the slag pocket 26 and the lines 24-. at the left hand end of the furnace and through the outlet 62 where it mixes with fuel introduced through the burner 64. The flame developed passes over the bath giving up part of its heat to the bath or metal charge and the 'aste gases are withdrawn from the opposite end of the furnace partly through the opening (52 and partly through the ports 52" leading to the flue 54-. communicating with the boiler. That part of the gas which passes through the opening 62 flows downward through the fines 24 to the slag pocket 26 and thence to the upper part of the regenerator 28 where. it gives up the greater part of its heat to the checker-ln'icks and then passes by the way of the fine 30' to the stack 32. the valve 36 being norn'ially open at all times and the valve 3i being open when the combustion air and fuel are introduced at the left end of the furnace. The hot waste gases that pass out through the ports 52 meet the waste gases which are introduced under pressure from the nozzles 50. This mixture of .waste gases iiowstln'ough the. flue 54- into the boiler all] where the gases give up their heat to generate steam before they are discharged through the. flue Lita to the stack 32.

The Waste gases discharged through the nozzles 50 are of such velocitv and volume that the pressure created in the line it is the same as the pressure that e 'isls in the flue ill. the ports l llaillltl the meltin chamber of the furnace. with ctuisideralidh to the static pre ure. .llecause of this snbslantially balanced condition of the Pl(l ll1' more fully described.

Lana-see there will be no flow of gases from the melting chamber through the ports 52 and flue 54 to the boiler 40 or vice-verse. The condition created by the introduction of waste gases through the nozzles 50' therefore acts like a shut-off valve in the ports 52 which communicate with flue'54 leading to the boiler. At this time no waste gases are introduced through the nozzles 50. The total valume of waste gas that passesthrough the boiler 40 is regulated or controlled by the valve-39 in the flue 38. The flow of gas through the regenerators and the boiler respectively can also be automatically .controlled by the temperature in

fines

30 and 30. Such control can regulate the valves 3d and 34 or the valve 39 as hereinafter It is desired at all times to supply a sufficient but not excessive amount of gases through the regenerators in order to properly preheat the combustion air. The pressure or volume of waste gases .drawn through the boiler flue 38 to the

nozzles

50 and 50 is regulated by the speed of the fan 4-2.

At the end of a glWZll period when the furnace is to be reversed, the valve 34' is closed and the valve 34 opened and the reversing valve shifted to the dotted line position. a The combustion air will then flow through the regenerator 28, fuel will now be introduced through the burner 64 at the opposite end of the furnace and the waste gases will flow out through the ports 52 and (32 leading respectively to the boiler 40 and rcgencrator 28. The valve 48 will be shifted so as to supply waste gas through the pipe ill to the nozzles 50, therefore causing the waste gases to flow to the boiler through the fine 54 and equalizing the pressure in the line 54 with that of the melt ng clnuaber so that no waste gas will flow from the right hand end of the furnace to the lOllQl. The amount or pressure of the gases supplied to the

nozzles

50 and 50 respectively ran be autonuitically controlled as illustrated in Fig. 5 by the pressure or the current of gases in the fines iii and 54 so that during various periods of o )eration and under varying conditions the flow of gases from the furnace to the boile automatically takes place as outlined above. The means for securing lr'lli$"2lllt(lll1tltl0 regulation for convenience of illustration and simplification of description is shown separately in a diagrammatic way in Fig. 5. The furnace can be operated without such automatic regulating device, the speed of the motor for fun 453 being controlled manually and the operation of the valve ill) also being manuallycon trolled. l lowevcr. it is preferred to automatically control these parts and suitable automatic control apparatus will now be do ;-=cribcd with particular reference to l ig. in this figure I show pipes it] and it) which seer-see enter the. dues 54- and respectively as close as possible to the furnace. A pipe 71 isintroduced at the junction of the

dues

54 and 54 under the boiler 40. The pipes and 7Q are both connected to a pipe 72 by sthree Way volve 7 3. The pipes-71 and 72 are communicated with separate chambers on opposite sides 01 the diaphragm 'Z l of a pressure regulator 7 5-. This regulator carries tired contects 76 and 77 which are connected by

Wires

76 and 77 with a motor .78. The motor 78 end the diaphragm 7 i are connected to the opposite terminals of a source of electrical energy indicated for example as a battery at 79. The motor 7 8 through the

gearing

78 and 78 drives a feed screw 78 which ectueses s nut 80 adapted to cut in or out resistance 81 which is connected in circuit with as motor 82 Which drives the the the 42 it will he remembered is ode: ted to supply, Waste gases either to the no of the valve i8.

lVith the valve 4-8 set in the position shown in 1, pressure is supplied to the nozzles 50 and Waste gases from the furnace enter the boiler through 'the flue 5 The valve 73 at this time is so set that the pressure in the p e79 is transmitted through pipe 72 to the regulator 75 and the communication between regulator and the pipe 70 is cut 05?.

it there any pressure difference between the pipes 70 end 7 the disphregm 74 "will be deflected end it circuit "will he made either through contact 76 or 7 7 which Will resuit in starting the motor 7 8- in one direo tion or the other so that the speed of the will eitherhe increased or decreased due out or cutting in resistance e pressure or drett balance is restored between the pipes 70 and 71 and consequently the line 5% and the boiler 20 due to the eutorneti regulation or" the speed of the fun When. no pressure difference exists in the flue 54 between the points Where the since 70 end 71 enter, practically no flow oi occurs in said flue as, which is the desired object. At reversal periods the valve 7 3 is turned to open corn-- niuoicetion alternatively between the pipes 70 end 70 respectively with the pipe 72 at the some time the valve 4-8 and other reversing valves in the system are operated.

l have provided means for automatically controlling the amount of waste gases taken through the boiler. if the volume of Waste gas passed through the boiler is too large a proportion of the total gases from the furnace, the Waste gases pessing from the checker-chumbers of the regenerators will he corn putatively cool and the air subsequently passed through such regenerators will not be nope1'ly preheated. On the other hand if the amount passed through the boiler 1s les 50 or 50 according to the setting valve 39 in such manner that the velve fore a good indication of the distribution of I Waste gases through the boiler and regenerstore. i utilize this condition for automatically controlling the operation of valve 39 so as to pass the proper proportion of Waste gas through the boiler and regenerators respectively. I provide a pyrometer which projects into the stock and which is connected by

Wires

90 and 90 with en indiceting instrument 91 of known design heving an indicating hand 93 adopted to make contact With either of the terminals 92' or 93 The terminal 92 is connected by Wire 94* With a magnet 94; end the terminal 93 is connected by e Wire 95 with a magnet 95.. The magnets 9e and 95 are adopted to actuate urinatures fi land 9.5 which turn close circuits across contacts indicated at 96 and 97.- These contacts connected by Wires 96*- and 97 with the motor 93., -il hen the circuit is made cross the contacts 96 the motor will be turned in one direction and when the circuit is made cross the contacts 97' the motor will be turned in the reverse direction. The motor 98 is connected by Worm. gearing indicated a screw 98 operstively connected with he opened or closed according the rection of rotation of the motor. From shove it will be understood if temperature in a stack in the vicinity of the pyrometer 90 is too low the valve 89 is lowered, that is partly closer-t thus, throwing more gas through the 'regeuerstor and restoring the proper bah once. Or it the temperature is too high the valve Will be lifted or opened wider so as to pass a greater proportion of the waste gases through the boiler. instead using the valve for this purpose it is to he derstood that a motor driven fan could substituted in which case the motor or such fan. would be regulated. in it own similar to that in which the motor 02 regulated.

The above described furnace is s. .1 to burn tar, oil, powdered coal co or naturol gas and similar fuels lit" invention as also be used in connection with furnaces-using producer to either when it is preheated or when su producer gas is introduced directly iutothe chamber from the producer Without preheating. Instead of supplying waste gas to the nozzles 50 and 50 I may supply sir instead. The jets ot'gss or air in ef-i dition to serving the function above described, serve to cool down the extremely no loss of heat will occur and consequently a greater amount of heat can be recovered for the generation of steam in the boiler.

Though I have described with great par-- ticularity details of the embodiment of the invention herein shown, it is not to be construed that I am limited thereto as changes in arrangement and substitution of equivalents may be made without departing from the invention as defined in the appended claims.

That I claim is:

1. In combination with an open hearth furnace, a boiler adapted to :be heated by waste gas from the furnace, and means for alternately directing jets of gas to effect the discharge of the waste gas from the opposite ends of the furnace to the boiler.

2. In combination with an open hearth furnace, a boiler adapted tobe heated by waste gas from the furnace, and means for directing jets of fluid for controlling the direction of flow of the waste gas from the furnace to the boiler whereby the use of valves in the passages leading from the furnace to the boiler is rendered unneces sary.

3. The combination with an open hearth furnace and a boiler adapted to be heated by waste gas from the furnace, of fines connecting the opposite ends of the furnace with the boiler, ports communicating with said fiues and means for discharging jets of gas toward said ports to determine which of said flues the gas will flow through to reach the boiler.

4:. The combination with an'open hearth furnace and a boiler adapted to be heated by waste gas from the furnace, of fines connecting the opposite ends of the furnace with the boiler and means for alternately discharging jets of gas at points in juxtaposition to the ports in the furnace lead.ng to said fines so as to alternately cause the waste gas to flow through the lines at opposite ends of the furnace without the use of valves between the boiler and the furnace.

5. In combination withan open hearth furnace and a boiler adapted to be heated by waste gas from the furnace, lines connecting the opposite ends of the furnace with the boiler, nozzles arranged to discharge jets into said fines and means for alternately supplying fluid pressure to each of said nozzles.

i In combination with an open hearth furnace and a boiler adapted to be heated aseaeeo by waste gas from the furnace, flues connecting the opposite ends of the furnace with the boiler, nozzles arranged to discharge jets into said flues, a blower, and means for alternately connecting the nozzles at the opposite ends of the furnace with said blower.

7. The combination of an open hearth furnace having regenerators connected with the opposite ends thereof, means for reversing the direction of travel of the combustion air and waste gases through the furnace and regenerators, means for supplying fuel at the ends of the furnace, a boiler, flues connecting the opposite ends of the furnace with the boiler and means for alternately discharging jets of gas in proximity to the points at which said flues enter the furnace so that part of the waste gas is alternately withdrawn from each end of the furnace and led to the .boiler.

8. In combination, an open hearth furnace having means for introducing air and fuel at each end of the furnace, a boiler adapted to be heated by the waste gases from the open hearth furnace, flues connecting the ends of the furnace with said boiler and means for introducing a jet of gas or air under pressure at such a point between the'melting chamber of the furnace and the boiler that a suction is created on the waste gases which are withdrawn from the melting chamber so that there will be substantially no passage of gas through the flue leading from the boiler to the end of the furnace where the fuel and combustion air enter.

9. In combination an open hearth furnace having regenerators connected therewith, a boiler adapted to be heated by part of the waste gases from the furnace, a motor, means responsive to temperature changes of the waste gases passed through said boiler and said regenerators for controlling the operation of said motor'and a member actuated by said motor adapted to control the proportion of waste gas drawn through said .boiler from said furnace.

10. In combination with an open furnace and a boiler adapted to be heated by waste gas from the furnace, flues connecting the opposite ends of the furnace with the boiler, nozzles arranged to discharge jets into said flues, a blower, and means for-alternately connecting the nozzles at the opposite ends of the furnace withsaid blower and means for automatically varying the speed of said blower.

11. In combination with an open hearth furnace and a boiler adapted to be heated by waste gas from the furnace, fines con necting the opposite ends of the furnace with the boiler, nozzles arranged to discharge jets into said lines, a blower, means connecting the nozzles at the opposite ends of the furnace witii said blower, a motor for operating said blower and meansv re sponsive to pressure variations for controlling the speed of said motor.

12. In combination with an open hearth furnace and a boiler adapted to be heated by waste gas from the furnace, flue's connectingthe opposite ends of the furnace with the boiler, nozzles arranged to discharge jets into said flues, a blower, means with the boiler, nozzles arranged to disfurnace and a boiler adapted to be heated.

by waste gas from the furnace, flues connecting the opposite ends of the 'furnace charge jets into said flues, a blower, and meansresgonsive to pressure variations between sai flues and said boiler for automatically controlling the speed of said blower.

14. In combination with an open hearth furnace and a boiler adapted to be heated by waste gas from the furnace, flues connecting the opposite ends of the furnace with the boiler, nozzles arranged to discharge jets into saidflues and means for alternately supplying fluid pressure to each of said nozzles, and means for automatically controlling the pressure of the fluid discharged from said jets so as to automatically compensate for slight variations in pressure between said flues.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed'my name.

WALDEMAR DYRSSEN.