US3150097A - Soap compositions - Google Patents

Soap compositions Download PDF

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Publication number
US3150097A
US3150097A US103738A US10373861A US3150097A US 3150097 A US3150097 A US 3150097A US 103738 A US103738 A US 103738A US 10373861 A US10373861 A US 10373861A US 3150097 A US3150097 A US 3150097A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
soap
water
mixture
suds
alkaline earth
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US103738A
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English (en)
Inventor
William A Kelly
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lever Brothers Co
Original Assignee
Lever Brothers Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE616497D priority Critical patent/BE616497A/xx
Priority to CA681060A priority patent/CA681060A/en
Application filed by Lever Brothers Co filed Critical Lever Brothers Co
Priority to US103738A priority patent/US3150097A/en
Priority to GB14638/62A priority patent/GB964391A/en
Priority to FR894777A priority patent/FR1326620A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3150097A publication Critical patent/US3150097A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
    • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
    • C11D10/042—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap based on anionic surface-active compounds and soap
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D17/00—Detergent materials or soaps characterised by their shape or physical properties
    • C11D17/0047—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets
    • C11D17/006—Detergents in the form of bars or tablets containing mainly surfactants, but no builders, e.g. syndet bar
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/22—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds
    • C11D1/24—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aromatic compounds containing ester or ether groups directly attached to the nucleus

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improved bar soap compositions adapted for use in hard water. More particularly, the invention is concerned with a bar soap composition containing an alkaline earth metal salt of a pentapropylenebenzenesulfonic acid as a lime soap dispersant.
  • the problem of preventing lime soap formation is a fairly complex one.
  • the soap When a water-soluble soap is added to hard water, the soap combines with calcium and magnesium ions and precipitates as a water-insoluble calcium and magnesium soap.
  • the concentration of soap in the solution remains above the foaming level, or if nonsoap detergents are present at a concentration suflicient to provide a foaming action, the water-insoluble lime soaps remain fairly well dispersed.
  • the solution is diluted as by rinsing to the extent that the foaming and dispersing power of the water-soluble soap and/or detergent disappears, the lime soaps precipitate to form a sticky and unsightly surface scum.
  • the dilution is carried out with water containing additional hardness ions so that additional lime soaps may be formed.
  • the precipitation of the lime soaps is dependent on the age of the soap solution and the violence of agitation, an increase of either encouraging lime soap formations.
  • alkyl aryl sulfonates sodium and other alkali metal salts of alkyl aryl sulfonates to disperse lime soaps and improve lathering in hard water has been known for some time.
  • alkaline earth metal alkyl aryl sulfonates, such as the magnesium salt, have been suggested for use as house hold detergents in the form of spray-dried compositions.
  • the pentapropylenebenzenesulfonic acid imparts lime soap dispersing properties imparted by sodium salts of alkyl aryl sulfonates employed at the same level. Furthermore, the lather produced by the soap bars is more voluminous and there are fewer difficulties encountered during the preparation or fabrication of these bars.
  • the alkaline earth metal salts of pentapropylenebenzenesulfonic acid employed according to this invention include the calcium and magnesium salts of sulfonates prepared from propylene polymers according to the method outlined in the Lewis Patent, U. S. No. 2,477,383.
  • the alkane fraction employed in the preparation of thesesulfonates are those having an average carbon chain length of approximately 15.
  • pentapropylenebenzenesulfonate is used in this specification to describe mixtures comprising alkaline earth metal salts of a mixture of sulfonated monophenylsubstituted alkanes having an alkane structure corresponding to a mixture of acyclic polypropylenes, the acid form of the sulfonated mixture having an average molecular weight of between about 335 and about 370.
  • Polypropylenebenzenesulfonate mixtures wherein about 20% of the alkyl portion has a carbon chain length of 15 and wherein a major part of the balance of the alkyl portion has chain lengths of 12, 13 14 and 16 carbon atoms are suitable according to this invention.
  • a polypropylenebenzenesulfonate mixture wherein nearly of the alkyl portion has a carbon chain length of 15 is suitable.
  • the average molecular weight of the acid form of this sulfonate is about 368.
  • the alkaline earth metal salts of pentapropylenebenzenesulfonic acid of this invention are employed at a level of from about 10% to about 30%, the preferred level ranging from about 20% to 30% based upon the combined weight of the soap ond sulfonate present in the bar. Amounts of the sulfonate above about 30% increase the stickiness of the resulting soap bar to the extent that processing becomes difficult and the bar has a sticky feel. At levels below about 10%, insufficient improvement in the lime soap dispersing characteristics of the soap bar is obtained.
  • water-soluble soap employed in the specification and claims of this application is intended to include all of the water-soluble alkali metal soaps of fatty acids which are suitable for use in commercial soap bars. Normally the soap employed is a sodium or potassium soap or mixture thereof.
  • Cocoanut oil for example, is a material which has found considerable use in high quality hand soap products.
  • Olive oil is often used as a source of fatty acids in making castile soap.
  • Tallow is a constituent of many ordinary grade toilet soaps. All of these soaps are suitable for use in making the soap bars of this invention.
  • a typical soap bar may contain from 15 to 30% of a soap derived from cocoanut oil.
  • the fatty acids of cocoanut oil comprise about 9% caprylic acid, 10% capric acid, 45% lauric acid, and 20% myristic acid.
  • about 84% of the fatty acids found in cocoanut oil are those of relatively short (C to C chain length. It is Well known that the insoluble soaps formed from these fatty acids are more easily dispersible and therefore present much less of a problem in hard Water. Tallow soaps, on the other hand, consist mainly of stearic, oleic, and palmitic acids, and give rise to insoluble soaps which are much more difficult to disperse.
  • Cocoanut oil soaps or their equivalents, require a lower level of alkaline earth metal salt of pentapropylenebenzenesulfonic acid for effective lime soap dispersing action.
  • Soaps which approximate the composition of cocoanut soap can be made from palm kernel oil, babassu oil and/or ucuhuba fat.
  • the soap bars of this invention may contain various of the conventionally used additives, such as free fatty acids, perfume, pigments, preservatives, deodorants, and germicides.
  • the magnesium and calcium salts of pentapropylenebenzene sulfonic acid provide a significantly improved lime soap dispersing effect at the relatively low levels, i.e., to 30%, required to provide the advantages of improved ease of processing over the corresponding sodium salts.
  • the pentapropylene materials provide a decided advantage over the materials having an average carbon atom chain length of 12.
  • the molecular weight of the acid forms of the pentapropylenesulfonates of this invention should be between 335 and 370. Excellent results have been obtained with commercially available magnesium salts of alkylbenzene sulfonic acids, the acid forms of which have molecular weights of 349.7, 341, and 344.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A series of soap bars based on a soap stock containing 80% tallow soap and cocoanut oil soap were prepared containing lime soap dispersants at varying levels.
  • the lime soap dispersants employed were the sodium salt of pentadecylbenzenesulfonate (Na PDBS), the sodium salt of dodecylbenzenesulfonate (Na DDBS), magnesium salt of pentadecylbenzenesulfonate (Mg PDBS), magnesium salt of dodecylbenzenesulfonate (Mg DDBS), and calcium pentadecylbenzenesulfonate (Ca PDBS).
  • the dodecyland pentadecylbenzenesulfonates were prepared from polypropylene fractions as described in the Lewis patent, U.S. No. 2,477,383. Levels varying from 5 to based on the total weight of the soap bar were employed.
  • the ingredients were mixed with a suitable amount of water, chill-rolled, milled three times on a Day mill, plodded under vacuum and formed into bars having a moisture content of about 11% These bars were then evaluated according to the following procedures.
  • a concentration of 0.1% of the bar in the solution was employed since it was found that the maximum amount of lime soap was formed at this concentration. 100 ml.
  • Dispersant Per- Total Volume 01 Solution and Suds cent Mg PDBS 5 ml no suds.
  • a solution of the bar being tested was agitated in a Waring Blendor to produce a volume of suds. 25 ml. of the suds were added to liter of Water containing 180 parts per million hardness parts of calcium ions and 60 parts of magnesium ions) and the Water stirred to quench the suds. The solution is then filtered through a black cloth and, after the cloth is dried, at reflectance measurement is taken using a Hunter reflectometer.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A series of soap bars based on a soap stock containing 80% tallow soap and 20% cocoanut oil soap were prepared containing sodium, magnesium and calcium salts of various polypropylenebenzenesulfonic acids.
  • C C and C are used to define, respectively, benezenesulfonates prepared from polypropylenes having an average carbon chain length of 8, 12 and 15.
  • the soap bars were made in five pound batches and were processed in a Readco mixer, a 3-mill, and a small plodder. Normal soap bar additives such as TiO and perfume were omitted. The bars contained approximately water.
  • a soap bar consisting essentially of about 65 parts by weight of a water-soluble soap selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium tallow soap, about 20 parts by weight of a water-soluble soap: selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium coconut soap and about 15% by weight of the magnesium salt of a mixture of sulfonated monophenyl-substituted alkanes having an alkane structure corresponding to a mixture of acyclic polypropylenes, the acid form of the sulfonated mixture having an average molecular weight of betweenabout 335 and about 370.
  • a method of dispersing water-insoluble salts of fatty acids of about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms formed in hard water solutions of water-soluble soaps selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium salts of fatty acids having about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms comprising the step of adding to said solutions at least about 10% based on the weight of soap and sulfonate of an alkaline earth metal salt of a mixture of sulfonated monophenyl-subs-tituted alkanes having an alkane structure corresponding to a mixture of acyclic polypropylenes, the acid form of the sulfonated mixture having an average molecular weight of between about 335 and about 370,
  • a soap bar consisting essentially of a water-soluble soap which normally forms water-insoluble soap curd in hard water selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium salts of fatty acids of about 8 to about 18 carbon atoms and from about 10 to of an alkaline earth metal salt of a mixture of sulfonated monophenyl-substituted alkanes having an alkane structure corresponding to a mixture of acyclic polypropylenes, the acid form of the sulfonated mixture having an average molecular weight of between about 335 and about 370, the alkaline earth metal selected from the group consistthe alkaline earth metal selected from the group con- 45 sisting of calcium and magnesium, the amount of said alkaline earth metal salt being suflicient to disperse said Water-insoluble salts of fatty acids present in the solutions.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
US103738A 1961-04-18 1961-04-18 Soap compositions Expired - Lifetime US3150097A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE616497D BE616497A (en)) 1961-04-18
CA681060A CA681060A (en) 1961-04-18 Soap compositions
US103738A US3150097A (en) 1961-04-18 1961-04-18 Soap compositions
GB14638/62A GB964391A (en) 1961-04-18 1962-04-16 Soap compositions
FR894777A FR1326620A (fr) 1961-04-18 1962-04-17 Compositions de savon

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US103738A US3150097A (en) 1961-04-18 1961-04-18 Soap compositions

Publications (1)

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US3150097A true US3150097A (en) 1964-09-22

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US103738A Expired - Lifetime US3150097A (en) 1961-04-18 1961-04-18 Soap compositions

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BE (1) BE616497A (en))
CA (1) CA681060A (en))
GB (1) GB964391A (en))

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2390295A (en) * 1941-07-19 1945-12-04 Allied Chem & Dye Corp Soap composition
US2407647A (en) * 1940-08-14 1946-09-17 Lever Brothers Ltd Synthetic organic nonsoap detergent in bar form and process of making same
US2477383A (en) * 1946-12-26 1949-07-26 California Research Corp Sulfonated detergent and its method of preparation
US2678921A (en) * 1948-08-04 1954-05-18 Colgate Palmolive Co Process of producing a milled nonsoap detergent in bar form
GB723925A (en) * 1951-10-06 1955-02-16 Colgate Palmolive Peet Co Process for preparing all-purpose detergent compositions
US2734870A (en) * 1956-02-14 Rnon-soap synthetic-detergent
US2749315A (en) * 1951-04-28 1956-06-05 Colgate Palmolive Co Toilet detergent bar and process of preparing same
GB756502A (en) * 1953-07-13 1956-09-05 Hedley Thomas & Co Ltd Soap-synthetic bar

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2734870A (en) * 1956-02-14 Rnon-soap synthetic-detergent
US2407647A (en) * 1940-08-14 1946-09-17 Lever Brothers Ltd Synthetic organic nonsoap detergent in bar form and process of making same
US2390295A (en) * 1941-07-19 1945-12-04 Allied Chem & Dye Corp Soap composition
US2477383A (en) * 1946-12-26 1949-07-26 California Research Corp Sulfonated detergent and its method of preparation
US2678921A (en) * 1948-08-04 1954-05-18 Colgate Palmolive Co Process of producing a milled nonsoap detergent in bar form
US2749315A (en) * 1951-04-28 1956-06-05 Colgate Palmolive Co Toilet detergent bar and process of preparing same
GB723925A (en) * 1951-10-06 1955-02-16 Colgate Palmolive Peet Co Process for preparing all-purpose detergent compositions
GB756502A (en) * 1953-07-13 1956-09-05 Hedley Thomas & Co Ltd Soap-synthetic bar

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Publication number Publication date
CA681060A (en) 1964-02-25
GB964391A (en) 1964-07-22
BE616497A (en))

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