US3150089A - Highly basic magnesium containing additive agent - Google Patents

Highly basic magnesium containing additive agent Download PDF

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US3150089A
US3150089A US15031A US1503160A US3150089A US 3150089 A US3150089 A US 3150089A US 15031 A US15031 A US 15031A US 1503160 A US1503160 A US 1503160A US 3150089 A US3150089 A US 3150089A
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magnesium
oil
percent
magnesium alkoxide
alkoxide
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Mack W Hunt
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ConocoPhillips Co
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Continental Oil Co
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Priority to BE602059D priority Critical patent/BE602059A/xx
Priority to NL251334D priority patent/NL251334A/xx
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Priority to US15031A priority patent/US3150089A/en
Priority to GB14826/60A priority patent/GB906208A/en
Priority to FR826363A priority patent/FR1259621A/fr
Priority to DEP1271A priority patent/DE1271873B/de
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    • C10M159/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being of unknown or incompletely defined constitution
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    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
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    • C10M2223/06—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
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    • C10M2223/12—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy
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Definitions

  • Another aspect of the invention relates to a process for preparing a magnesium .alkoxide-carbonate complex, said complex being used in preparation of the dispersion of the magnesium-containing inorganic compound. Still another ;aspect of the invention relates to the magnesium alkoxide-carbonate complex, itself.
  • the oil In heavy-duty detergent type lubricating oil composi tions for use in diesel and like internal combustion engines, at least two requirements must be met by such oils (in addition to lubricity, stability, and the like) if a high degree of engine cleanliness is to be maintained. First, the oil must possess the power to disperse insolubles formed by fuel combustion or oil oxidation, or both; and second, the oil must be capable of neutralizing acidic lacquer precursors formed by either oil oxidation or interaction of the oil with sulfur acids produced from fuel combustion, or both of these conditions.
  • lubricating oil com positions used in marine diesel engines have a high degree of basicity. This requirement is caused by the use of fuels having a high sulfur content, which, in turn, means a larger amount of acidic combustion prod ucts. Of course, it is possible to alleviate this prob lem through the use of lower sulfur fuels. However, the economics of the situation makes it desirable to use a high sulfur fuel in conjunction with a lubricating composition capable of neutralizing the acidic combustion products.
  • compositions of the present invention are generally useful in lubricating compositions for use in internal combustion engines. They are also useful in corrosion inhibiting compositions and particularly in fuel compositions containing vanadium. Since the compositions ordinarily contain a large amount of excess basicity, they are especially useful in marine lubricating compositions.
  • Van Ess et al. in U.S. Patent No. 2,585,520 disclose a process for the preparation of a basic salt by first combining in an anhydrous state the normal salt of the acidic material and an alcoholate of the desired metal. The mass is heat-treated for a substantial length of time, filtered, and then the alcoholate is hydrolyzed to the hydroxide for the purpose of providing a basic product.
  • U.S. Patent No. 2,895,913 to Carlyle et al. discloses a process for preparing a stable dispersion of a basic magnesium-containing compound in a lubricating oil composition.
  • an alkanol insoluble magnesium alkoxide is formed by reacting magnesium with an excess of an alk-anol.
  • the resulting magnesium alkoxide is then reacted with carbon dioxide to form an alkanol soluble magnesium alkoxide-carbon dioxide complex.
  • the magnesium :alkoxide-carbon dioxide complex is admixed with a lubricating oil, an oilsoluble dispersing agent, and water. This admixture is heated to decompose the complex, remove the alkanol and obtain an oil-insoluble magnesium compound, wherein the particle size is less than 0.25 micron.
  • U.S. Patent No. 2,920,105 to Kluge et al. discloses a process for making oil-soluble hyperbasic alkaline earth metal sulfonates.
  • the process of these patentees comprises formiug a reaction mixture of an oil-soluble normal alkaline earth metal sulfonate in a water immiscible organic medium and an alkaline earth metal lower alkoxy ethanolate in a vehicle of the corresponding alkoxy ethanol, the mole ratio of said alkoxy ethanolate to normal sulfonate being between about 0.5 :1 and about 7:1 or even higher, said normal sulfonate starting material con- ,taining not substantially more than about the stoichiometric amount of liquid Water needed to complete hydrolysis of the alkoxy ethanolate starting material to the corresponding alkaline earth metal hydroxide, stripping the mixture at temperatures of 225 and 450 F., bringing the total quantity of water introduced into the reaction mixture to an amount suflicient for
  • Yet another object of the present invention is to provide, as a composition of matter, a magnesium alkoxidecarbonate complex.
  • the present invention relates to a magnesium alkoxide-carbonate complex having the following formula:
  • R is either a C to C alkyl group or an organic radical of the formula wherein R- is a C to C alkyl group, and x is from 0.5
  • This complex is particularly useful for preparing a stable dispersion of a basic, magnesium-containing, inorganic compound in a nonvolatile carrier.
  • Another aspect of the present invention relates to a process for preparing the oil-soluble magnesium alkoxidecarbonate complex.
  • the process comprises:
  • A Reacting magnesium with a glycol ether, which may be either a monoether of ethylene glycol or a monoether of diethylene glycol, to form a magnesium alkoxide
  • B Reacting the magnesium alkoxide with carbon dioxide to form an oil-soluble magnesium alkoXide-carbonate complex.
  • Still another aspect of the present invention relates to a process for preparing a stable dispersion of a basic, magnesium-containing inorganic compound in a nonvolatile carrier, werein the process comprises:
  • oil-insoluble, magnesiumcontaining compound is in the form of particles having diameters of less than 0.25 micron.
  • a principal advantage of the present invention is that dispersions having very high base numbers, in other words a very high degree of excess basicity, are obtained. As mentioned previously, these high-base number dispersions have a special utility in marine diesel lubricating oil compositions. I believe that these highbase number dispersions are obtained because of the particular intermediate used in my invention.
  • My invention differs from the teachings of the patents to Kluge et al. in several aspects.
  • my process employs a carbonated magnesium alkoxide, whereas Kluge et al. use magnesium alkoxide.
  • my process uses a stoichiometric excess of water to hydrolyze the carbonated magnesium alkoxide, whereas Kluge et al. use not substantially more than the stoichiometric amount of water.
  • Kluge et al. use higher temperatures for the overbasing step than is necessary in my process.
  • the magnesium used in the process may be in form of bars, rods, turnings, or powder.
  • Suitable glycol ethers for use in the process include monoethers of ethylene glycol and monoethers of diethylene glycol. While any of these glycol ethers are suitable, generally I prefer not to use those containing above about 8 carbon atoms, since such glycol ethers have a high boiling point and require more heat for their removal.
  • Preferred glycol ethers are the monoethyl ether of ethylene glycol and the monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol. These materials are available commercially under the trademarks Cellosolve and methyl Cellosolve. The monomethyl ether of diethylene glycol is available commercially under the trademark Carbitol.
  • the monoethers of ethylene glycol are also known as alkoxy alkanols, and more specifically as alkoxy etha nols. These materials have the generic formula ROCH CH OH where R is a C to C group. Similarly, the monoalkylether of diethylene glycol has the generic formula HOCH CH OCH CH OR, where R is a C to 0., alkyl group.
  • non-volatile carriers may be used in my process.
  • the principal requisite desired in the non-volatile carrier is that it will dissolve the dispersing agents used in the process.
  • examples of non-volatile carriers which may be used include mineral lubricating oil obtained by any of the conventional refining procedures, vegetable oils such as corn oil, cottonseed oil, castor oil, etc., animal oils such as lard oil, sperm oil, etc., and synthetic oils such as polymers of propylene, polyoxyalkylenes, polyoxypropylene, dicarboxylic acid esters such as esters of adipic and azelaic acids with alcohols such as butyl, 2-ethy1 hexyl and dodecyl alcohols, and esters of acids of phosphorus such as diethyl ester of decanephosphonic acid and tricresyl phosphate.
  • the non-volatile carriers may be diluted with a solvent to reduce the viscosity.
  • Suitable solvents include petro leum naphtha or hydrocarbons such as hexane, heptane, octane, benzene, toluene, or xylene.
  • oil-soluble dispersing agents may be used.
  • suitable dispersing agents include the oil-soluble sulfonic acids, carboxylic acids, phosphorus sulfide-treated olefins, and metal salts thereof.
  • Preferred dispersing agents include the oil-soluble sulfonic acids, carboxylic acids, and metal salts thereof.
  • sulfonates which are suitable are oil-soluble and include alkyl sulfonates, alkaryl sulfonates, the so-called mahogany or natural soaps, and the like.
  • the mahogany soaps include, particularly, the oil-soluble aromatic sulfonates from petroleum. Many of the aromatic sulfonates have cycloalkyl (i.e., naphthenic) groups in the side chains attached to the benzene ring.
  • the mahogany soaps may include nonaromatic sulfonates produced in conventional sulfuric acid refining of lubricating oil distillates and from the industrial use of fuming sulfuric acid in the refining of petroleum.
  • the hydrocarbon portion of the sulfonate have a molecular weight between about 350 and 1,000. Preferably, this molecular weight is between 400 and 700.
  • Particularly useful sulfonates include diwaxbenzene sulfonates, diwaxtoluene sulfonates, and postdodecylbenzene sulfonates.
  • Postdodecylbenzene which consists of monoalkylbenzenes and dialkylbenzeues in the approximate mole ratio of 2 to 3, has typical properties as follows:
  • sulfonates which may be used in the process of this invention include, for example, monoand poly-wax substituted naphthalene sulfonates, dinonyl ifaphthalene sulfonates, diphenyl ether sulfonates, naphthalene disulfide sulfonates, diphenyl amine sulfonates, dicetyl thianthrene sulfonates, dilauryl beta-naphthol sulfonates, dicapryl nitro-naphthalene sulfonates, unsaturated paraffin wax sulfonates, hydroxy substituted parafiin wax sulfonates, tetra-amylene sulfonates, mono and polychloro-substituted paraffin wax sulfonates, nitrosoparaffin Wax sulfonates; cycloaliphatic sulfonates, such as la
  • Suitable carboxylic acids include naphthenic acids such as the substituted cyclopentane monocarboxylic acids, the substituted cyclohexane monocarboxylic acids and the substituted aliphatic polycyclic monocarbo xylic acids containing at least 15 carbon atoms.
  • Suitable oil-soluble fatty acids are those containing at least 8 carbon atoms.
  • fatty acids which are liquids at ambient temperatures down to about 15 C.
  • Specific examples include 2-ethyl hexanoic acid, pelargonic acid, oleic acid, palmitoleic acid, linoleic acid and ricinoleic acid.
  • Naturally occurring mixtures of predominately unsaturated fatty acids, such as tall oil fatty acids, are particularly suitable.
  • carboxylic acid soap instead of using the foregoing carboxylic acid soap as such, we may form those soaps in situ by adding the corresponding carboxylic acid to the mixture.
  • the phosphorus sulfide treated olefins (by the term olefins We means to include also olefin polymers, e.g., polyisobutylene) and their oil-soluble metal salts which are suitable for use include those customarily used in lubricating oil formulations as corrosion inhibitors and/ or detergents. Specifically, they include the potassium-polyisobutylene-phosphorus sulfide products described by US. Patent 2,316,080, issued on April 6, 1943, to Loane and Gaynor, and a similar material containing no metal made by addition of a phosphorus sulfide to Wax olefins, as described in US. Patent 2,516,119, issued on July 25,
  • the process conditions used in the preparation of the magnesium alkoxide-carbonate complex will now be discussed.
  • the glycol ether employed should have a water content of less than about 0.5 percent. Otherwise, there is a tendency for the reaction to be inhibited.
  • the amount of the glycol ether used in the process can be varied over wide limits. The amounts used, however, should be in excess over that required to react with the magnesium. Stated another W21 I prefer to use an amount which is sufiicient to dissolve the magnesium alkoxide-carbonate complex to give a final concentration of magnesium in the solution of between about 5 to 8 percent. Satisfactory results can be obtained with the magnesium content varying within the range of about 1 to 10 percent.
  • reaction of magnesium and the glycol ether is strongly exothermic (heat of reaction approximates 70,000 B.t.u. per pound-mole), it is necessary to provide cooling on the reaction vessel in order to control the reaction.
  • the reaction is generally kept at reflux temperature until complete.
  • magnesium alkoxide the reaction product of the magnesium and the glycol ether
  • the magnesium alkoxide-carbonate complex I have found it best to employ from about 0.5 to about 1.5, preferably from about 0.75 to about 1.0, moles of carbon dioxide per mole of magnesium alkoxide. I have found that a lower ratio gives a gel formation, whereas a higher ratio gives inorganic insolubles and more viscous products.
  • the amount of the different components used in my process can be varied widely.
  • the oil-soluble dispersing agent varies from about 20 to about 55 percent of the total composition
  • the non-volatile carrier varies from about 40 to 76 percent
  • the amount of the magnesium-containing inorganic compound varies from about 3.0 to 30 percent. The latter could probably be more accurately stated as to magnesium content.
  • the amount of the magnesium in the final composition varies from about 1.24 to about 9.4 percent. All percentage figures given above are by weight.
  • the hydrolysis reaction is as follows:
  • the stoichiometric requirement is 2 moles of Water per mole of magnesium alkoxidecarbonate complex.
  • a stoichiometric excess must be employed with a suitable range being from about 2.50 to about 4.50 moles of water per mole of alkoxide-carbonate complex, and with a preferable range being from about 2.8 to about 3 .5 moles.
  • the overbasing step (that is, the addition of the magnesium intermediate to the dispersing agent solution) is conducted over a wide range of temperatures, generally at about 25 to about 100 C., and more preferably in the range of about 35 to about 65 C. Temperatures outside the broad range are not used generally since they can lead to gel formation or the formation of inorganic insolubles.
  • the relative amounts of the dilferent components employed in the process are dependent upon the desired percent actives and the base numbers of the final composi- (The term percent active refers to the amount of the dispersing agent present in the composition.) These variations are tabulated below for typical sulfonate preparations:
  • Table I 20% active 55% active 30% active 50 B.N. 60 B.N. 400 B.N.
  • magnesium alkoxide-carbonate complex and magnesium intermediate are used herein synonymously.
  • the magnesium alkoxidecarbonate complexes derived from glycol ethers have not been prepared heretofore and they are, therefore, considered to be new compositions of matter.
  • the magnesium intermediates correspond to the'fol lowing general formula:
  • R is either a C to C alkyl group or a monoether of the formula CC-OR', wherein R is a C to C alkyl group and x is from 0.5 to 1.5, preferably from 0.75 to 1.0.
  • the magnesium intermediates are soluble in the substituted glycol ether from which they are derived.
  • the magnesium intermediates have a solubility in other hydrocarbon solvents corresponding to that of the substituted glycol ether from which they are derived.
  • the magnesium intermediate prepared from methyl Cellosolve has a solubility in benzene and hexane correspond ng to that of methyl Cellosolve in the solvents.
  • oil-soluble as applied to the magnesium intermediates. This term should be clarified somewhat.
  • the magnesium intermediates of this invention (and this includes those of all suitable glycol ethers listed herein) exhibit solubility in hydrocarbon solvents, both aromatic and non-aromatic.
  • magnesium intermediates prepared from methyl Cellosolve are shown in Table II below.
  • FIGURE 1 An infrared spectrum of a magnesium alkoxide-carbonate complex prepared in accordance with my process is included as FIGURE 1.
  • the band at about 6.08 micron is due to the carbonate structure.
  • the band at about 2.9 microns is due to the hydroxyl group, which is present in the solvent (i.e., methylether of ethylene glycol).
  • the band at about 3.45 microns is due to carbon-hydrogen linkage.
  • the band at about 8.8 microns to about 9.5 microns is due to ether linkage. and to alcohol. Both of the latter bands (3.45 microns and 8.8 to 9.5 microns) are due to both the solvent and the magnesium intermediate.
  • base number refers to milligrams of potassium hydroxide per gram of sample.
  • EXAMPLE 1PREPARATION OF MAGNESIUM METHOXY ETHOXIDE-CARBONATE A reaction vessel equipped with a thermometer and two reflux condensers was charged with 20.5 parts of magnesium and 350 parts of monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol. The contents of the reactor were initially heated to 50 C. to initiate the reaction. After the reaction was initiated, the heat of reaction was suflicient to maintain the temperature within the range of 70 to 80 C. The reaction was allowed to proceed to completion during which time it became quite vigorous. After the reaction had subsided, the product was filtered. After filtering, the filtrate so obtained was blown with carbon dioxide, forming magnesium methoxy ethoxide-carbonate. Analysis showed the solution to contain 6.36 percent magnesium. Filtration is only necessary to remove the small amount of impurities present in the original magnesium. If pure magnesium is used, filtration is unnecessary.
  • the reaction mixture was refluxed for a period of minutes at a temperature varying from 60 to 70 C., after which volatile components were removed by distillation.
  • the reaction mixture was then blown with carbon dioxide while heating at a temperature of 150 C. for a period of minutes, which removed all unreacted Water and monoethyl ether of ethylene glycol.
  • Five hundred ninety-six and 8 tenths parts of a final product was obtained, which was bright, clear, and fluid. It had a base number of 200.
  • the postdodecylbenzene sulfonic acid used in this example and in Example 4 was the sulfonic acid produced by sulfonating a mixture of monoalkyl benzenes and dialkyl benzenes. This product is described further in U.S. Patent 2,861,951, granted to R. L. Carlyle dated November 25, 1958.
  • EXAMPLE 4 To the reaction vessel described in Example 3 was added 12.8 parts of postdodecylbenzene sulfonic acid, 17.64 parts of 170 pale oil, 9.32 parts of water (1.75 times the stoichiometric requirement), and 178.9 parts of naphtha. The reaction mixture was heated to C., and then 97.10 parts of the magnesium ethoxy ethoxide carbonate prepared in Example 2 was added thereto over a period of 45 minutes. Prior to the addition of the magnesium ethoxy ethoxide carbonate, it was diluted with an additional quantity of monoethyl ether of ethylene glycol so as to reduce the magnesium content to 4.06 percent.
  • the reaction mixture was refluxed for a period of 30 minutes, cooled to room temperature, and blown with carbon dioxide for 5 minutes. Twenty nine parts of water was then added, and 50 percent of the original monoethyl ether of ethylene glycol was separated from the reaction mixture through the formation of two layers. The volatile components were removed by distillation. When the temperature reached 150 C., the reaction mixture was blown with carbon dioxide to eflect the complete removal of unreacted monoethyl ether of ethylene glycol and water. Fifty three and 4 tenths parts of a bright, clear, and fluid product was obtained. It had a base number of 300.
  • the product was clear, stable, and very fluid. It had an acetic base number of 335 and contained 7.26 percent magnesium by weight.
  • the material used was Crofatol 5 (from Crosby Chemicals, Inc.), which is a distilled tall oil fatty acid having the following properties:
  • EXAMPLE 7 To a reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer, dropping funnel, thermometer, and reflux condenser were charged 100 parts of a mixture consisting of 57.5 percent (weight) of a phosphorus sulfide-treated olefin and 42.5 percent (weight) of 100 pale oil, 77.4 parts of 100 pale oil, 9.2 parts of water (1.5 times the stoichiometric: requirement) and 100 parts of xylene (commercial). This mixture was heated to 52 C. and 62.0 parts of magnesium methoxy ethoxide-carbonate solution (8.03 percent Mg; 11.91 percent CO was added over a 12-minute period. The reaction mass was heated to C. to remove volatile components. It was then blown with carbon 11 dioxide for 15 minutes while maintaining the temperature at about 150 C.
  • the product was very clear, stable, and fluid. It had an acetic base number of 57 and contained 1.3 percent oil. It had the following analysis:
  • FIGURE 2 a fiow diagram of such an operation is shown in FIGURE 2. Referring now to FIGURE 2, the following is a description thereof.
  • the reactor 1 is equipped with means 2 for providing cooling or heating, steam is supplied through line 3, while colder water is supplied through line 4, to the heating or cooling means 2.
  • Magnesium metal enters the reactor 1 through line 5 while the alcohol enters through line 6.
  • the hydrogen produced in the reaction leaves the reactor 1 by way of line 7, passing through cooling coils 8 to the vent 9.
  • the cooling coils 8 condense the alcohol present in the hydrogen, with the alcohol returning to reactor 1 by way of line 7.
  • the magnesium alkoxide and the impurities (which come from the impurities in the magnesium) leave reactor 1 by way of line 10, go through pump 11, then through line 12 to the filter 13.
  • the filter 13 removes the impurities, and the magnesium alkoxide then goes through line 14 to the eductor 15.
  • Carbon dioxide is provided to the eductor by line 16.
  • the carbonated magnesium alkoxide leaves the eductor 15 through line 17, passes through the cooling unit 18 and then goes into line 17a.
  • a portion of the carbonated magnesium alkoxide goes from line 17a to line 19, where it is returned to line 10. This portion again goes through line 10, pump 11, line 12, filter 13, line 14, eductor 15, line 17, cooling unit 18, and finally line 17a.
  • the purpose of the recirculation at this point is to provide cooling for the carbonation step.
  • the combined carbonated magnesium alkoxide (or magnesium intermediate) then goes through line 20 to a storage tank 21.
  • vessel 23 is referred to as a neutralizer, although overbasing also occurs in this step.
  • the neutralizer 23 is provided with agitation means 28 and a carbon dioxide vent 29.
  • the magnesium complex goes from storage tank 21 through line 22 to the neutralizer 23.
  • the sulfonic acid solution (comprising sulfonic acid, nonvolatile carrier, and hydrocarbon solvent) enters the neutralizer 23 through line 27.
  • Additional nonvolatile carrier (or diluent oil) enters the neutralizer 23 through line 26.
  • Tower overhead containing about 65 percent water and about 35 percent alcohol, enters the neutralizer 23 through line 24. Additional water for makeup and use in the neutralizer 23 is provided by line 25 which connects to line 24.
  • Carbon dioxide from line 31 goes through line 32 to both the neutralizer 23 and the still 33.
  • the admixture passes from the neutralizer 23 through line to the still 33.
  • An external heat source 37 is used for heating the admixture in the still 33. Recirculation through the heat source 37 and still 33 is provided by lines 34, 36, and 38 and pump 35.
  • Carbon dioxide (or other gas, as desired) is provided from line 31 through line 32 to the still 33.
  • the product goes from line 36 through line 39 to storage 40.
  • the still overhead containing water, alcohol, and hydrocarbon solvent, passes from the still 33 through line 41 to a primary extractor 42.
  • Tower overhead from storage tank 43 enters the primary extractor 42 through line 44.
  • the solvent layer containing some alcohol, passes from the primary extractor 42 through line 45 to a secondary extractor 47.
  • Tower overhead also enters the secondary extractor 47 through line 48.
  • Hydrocarbon solvent essentially free of alcohol, leaves the secondary extractor through line 49 and is available for reuse.
  • a mixture of alcohol and water leaves the secondary extractor and goes by way of line 50 to tower overhead storage 43.
  • the alcohol-water layer from the primary extractor 42 goes through line 46 to a fractionating tower 51. Essentially anhydrous alcohol leaves the tower through line 53 and the tower overhead goes through line 52 to tower overhead storage 43.
  • the following example is provided in order to illustrate our invention in a commercial size installation.
  • the term parts in this particular example refers to pounds per hour.
  • Three hundred eighty parts of magnesium bars (99.8 percent pure) and 3,716 parts of monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol were charged to a reactor. This resulted in a solution comprising 1,334 parts of monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol and 2,723 parts of mag nesium methoxy ethoxide. This solution was then carbonated with 687 parts of carbon dioxide.
  • the yield from the carbonation step was 3,409 parts of magnesium methoxy ethoxide-carbonate complex and 1,334 parts of monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol.
  • the neutralizing-overbasing step the following were charged to the re action vessel:
  • Sulfonic acid solution Parts Sulfonic acid 1,526 Oil 1,522 Hexane 3,492 Total sulfonic acid solution 6,540 Diluent oil 951 Magnesium complex solution (from above) 4,743 Make-up water 260 Tower overhead (water and monomethyl ether of ethylene glycol) 759 The total amount of water used was 1.5 times the stoichiometric requirement.
  • the additive agent of the present invention can be used in the range of about 1 to about 20 percent (by weight) in motor lubricating oils, with a preferable range being from about 3 to about 6 percent. When used in marine diesel oils, the suitable range is about 5 to about 25 percent (by weight), with the preferable range being about 10 to about 20 percent.
  • the amount of additive required is dependent on a number of factors, such as, intended use, sulfur content of the fuel, and amount and type of other additive agentsused. The determination of the amount and the development of specific formulations containing the additive agent of my invention is within the skill of those trained in the art.
  • step (d) said process being characterized further in that the magnesium alkoxide-carbonate complex of step (a) is prepared by a process comprising:
  • magnesium alkoxide-carbonate complex (2) reacting the magnesium alkoxide with from about 0.5 to about 1.5 moles of carbon dioxide per mole of said magnesium alkoxide to form a magnesium alkoxide-carbonate complex.
  • oil-soluble dispersing agent is present in the range of about to about 55 percent (weight), the liquid lubrieating oil in the range of about to about 76 percent (weight), and the magnesium-containing inorganic compound in the range of about 3 to about 30 percent (weight) of the total composition.
  • dispersing agent is selected from the group consisting of oil-soluble sulfonic acids, carboxylic acids, phosphorus sulfide treated olefins, and metal salts thereof.
  • dispersing agent is an oil-soluble metal sulfonate.
  • step (a) said process being further characterized in that the magnesium alkoxide-carbonate complex of step (a) is prepared by a process comprising:
  • magnesium alkoxide-carbonate complex (2) reacting the magnesium alkoxide with from about 0.5 to about 1.5 moles of carbon dioxide per mole of said magnesium alkoxide to form a magnesium alkoxide-carbonate complex.
  • oil-soluble dispersing agent is present in the range of about 20 to about 55 percent (weight), the liquid lubricating oil in the range of about 40 to about 76 percent (weight), and the magnesium-containing inorganic compound in the range of about 3 to about 30 percent (weight) of the total composition.
  • dispersing agent is an oil-soluble sulfonic acid.
  • dispersing agent is a metal salt of an oil-soluble sulfonic acid.
  • dispersing agent is an oil-soluble metal salt of a carboxylic acid.
  • dispersing agent is an oil-soluble phosphorus sulfide-treated olefin.
  • dispersing agent is an oil-soluble metal salt of a phosphorus sulfidetreated olefin.
  • reaction mixture is blown with carbon dioxide during the removal of the volatile materials.
  • the glycol ether of the glycol ether solution is a monoether of ethylene glycol having not more than 8 carbon atoms
  • the oil-soluble magnesium alkoxide-carbonate complex is prepared by reacting magnesium metal with monoether of ethylene glycol having not more than 8 carbon atoms, followed by passing from about 0.5 to about 1.5 moles of carbon dioxide per mole of magnesium alkoxide through the reaction mixture.
  • the dispersing agent is present in the range of about 20 to about 55 percent (Weight), the mineral lubricating oil in the range of about 40 to about 76 percent (weight) and the magnesium-containing inorganic compound in the range of about 3 to about 30 percent (weight) of the total composition.
  • glycol ether is the m-onoethyl ether of ethylene glycol.
  • R is a C to C alkyl group, and wherein x is a number varying from 0.5 to 1.5.
  • step (d) said process being characterized further in that the magnesium alkoxide-carbonate complex of step (a) is prepared by a process comprising:
  • magnesium alkoxide-carbonate complex (2) reacting the magnesium alkoxide with from about 0.5 to about 1.5 moles of carbon dioxide per mole of said magnesium alkoxide to form a magnesium alkoxide-carbonate complex.
  • oil-soluble dispersing agent is present in the range of about 20 to about 55 percent (weight), the liquid lubricating oil in the range of about 40 to about 76 percent (weight), and the magnesium-containing inorganic compound in the range of about 3 to about percent (weight) of the total composition.

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  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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GB14826/60A GB906208A (en) 1959-05-07 1960-04-27 Highly basic magnesium-containing additive agents and their use
FR826363A FR1259621A (fr) 1959-05-07 1960-05-05 Procédé de fabrication d'additifs fortement basiques, renfermant du magnésium
DEP1271A DE1271873B (de) 1959-05-07 1960-05-06 Verfahren zur Herstellung stabiler Dispersionen der Hydroxyde und Carbonate des Magnesiums oder deren Gemische in synthetischen oder natuerlichen Schmieroelen

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Cited By (22)

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US3277002A (en) * 1961-07-17 1966-10-04 Continental Oil Co Process for stably dispersing metal compounds
US3907906A (en) * 1972-03-29 1975-09-23 Continental Oil Co Process of recovering alcohols and oil from waste mixtures
US4056479A (en) * 1976-05-17 1977-11-01 Petrolite Corporation Magnesium carboxylate-sulfonate complexes
US4179383A (en) * 1977-10-07 1979-12-18 Petrolite Corporation Preparation of magnesium-containing dispersions from magnesium carboxylates
US4229309A (en) * 1977-07-18 1980-10-21 Petrolite Corporation Magnesium-containing dispersions
US4295981A (en) * 1979-07-27 1981-10-20 Burnop Victor C Production of overbased magnesium detergent additives
US4749505A (en) * 1985-07-08 1988-06-07 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Olefin polymer viscosity index improver additive useful in oil compositions
EP0351964A1 (en) 1988-06-24 1990-01-24 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Synergistic combination of additives useful in power transmitting compositions
US5104997A (en) * 1988-09-30 1992-04-14 Fmc Corporation Mass treatment of cellulosic materials
EP0611818A1 (en) 1990-07-31 1994-08-24 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Low pressure derived mixed phosphorous- and sulfur-containing reaction products useful in power transmitting compositions and process for preparing the same
US5422022A (en) * 1990-06-20 1995-06-06 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricants, lubricant additives, and methods for lubricating sump-lubricated fuel-injected alcohol-powered internal combustion engines
US5444135A (en) * 1992-12-17 1995-08-22 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Direct synthesis by living cationic polymerization of nitrogen-containing polymers
US5456801A (en) * 1992-11-07 1995-10-10 Huels Aktiengesellschaft Storage-stable solutions of carbonated magnesium ethylate in ethanol and their preparation and use
US5498809A (en) * 1992-12-17 1996-03-12 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Polymers derived from ethylene and 1-butene for use in the preparation of lubricant dispersant additives
US5554310A (en) * 1992-12-17 1996-09-10 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Trisubstituted unsaturated polymers
US6127321A (en) * 1985-07-11 2000-10-03 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Oil soluble dispersant additives useful in oleaginous compositions
US6306802B1 (en) 1994-09-30 2001-10-23 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Mixed antioxidant composition
US20080274041A1 (en) * 2007-05-04 2008-11-06 Envirochem Solutions, L.L.C. Preparation of nanoparticle-size zinc compounds
US20100200237A1 (en) * 2009-02-12 2010-08-12 Colgate Sam O Methods for controlling temperatures in the environments of gas and oil wells
US20100236784A1 (en) * 2009-03-20 2010-09-23 Horton Robert L Miscible stimulation and flooding of petroliferous formations utilizing viscosified oil-based fluids
US20100252259A1 (en) * 2009-04-01 2010-10-07 Horton Robert L Oil-based hydraulic fracturing fluids and breakers and methods of preparation and use
US20100263867A1 (en) * 2009-04-21 2010-10-21 Horton Amy C Utilizing electromagnetic radiation to activate filtercake breakers downhole

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US3865737A (en) * 1973-07-02 1975-02-11 Continental Oil Co Process for preparing highly-basic, magnesium-containing dispersion

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US3006847A (en) * 1957-03-13 1961-10-31 Texaco Inc Incorporation of alkali and alkaline earth metals in oil, and resulting product
US2895913A (en) * 1957-05-28 1959-07-21 Continental Oil Co Magnesium containing organic compositions and method of preparing the same
US3067018A (en) * 1957-10-29 1962-12-04 Bray Oil Co Colloidal additives for fuel oils
US3057896A (en) * 1957-12-06 1962-10-09 Texaco Inc Hyperbasic sulfonates
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Cited By (26)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3277002A (en) * 1961-07-17 1966-10-04 Continental Oil Co Process for stably dispersing metal compounds
US3907906A (en) * 1972-03-29 1975-09-23 Continental Oil Co Process of recovering alcohols and oil from waste mixtures
US4056479A (en) * 1976-05-17 1977-11-01 Petrolite Corporation Magnesium carboxylate-sulfonate complexes
US4229309A (en) * 1977-07-18 1980-10-21 Petrolite Corporation Magnesium-containing dispersions
US4179383A (en) * 1977-10-07 1979-12-18 Petrolite Corporation Preparation of magnesium-containing dispersions from magnesium carboxylates
US4295981A (en) * 1979-07-27 1981-10-20 Burnop Victor C Production of overbased magnesium detergent additives
US4749505A (en) * 1985-07-08 1988-06-07 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Olefin polymer viscosity index improver additive useful in oil compositions
US6127321A (en) * 1985-07-11 2000-10-03 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Oil soluble dispersant additives useful in oleaginous compositions
US6355074B1 (en) 1985-07-11 2002-03-12 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Oil soluble dispersant additives useful in oleaginous compositions
EP0351964A1 (en) 1988-06-24 1990-01-24 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Synergistic combination of additives useful in power transmitting compositions
US5104997A (en) * 1988-09-30 1992-04-14 Fmc Corporation Mass treatment of cellulosic materials
US5422022A (en) * 1990-06-20 1995-06-06 The Lubrizol Corporation Lubricants, lubricant additives, and methods for lubricating sump-lubricated fuel-injected alcohol-powered internal combustion engines
EP0611818A1 (en) 1990-07-31 1994-08-24 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Low pressure derived mixed phosphorous- and sulfur-containing reaction products useful in power transmitting compositions and process for preparing the same
US5456801A (en) * 1992-11-07 1995-10-10 Huels Aktiengesellschaft Storage-stable solutions of carbonated magnesium ethylate in ethanol and their preparation and use
US5554310A (en) * 1992-12-17 1996-09-10 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Trisubstituted unsaturated polymers
US5629394A (en) * 1992-12-17 1997-05-13 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Direct synthesis by living cationic polymerization of nitrogen-containing polymers
US5663130A (en) * 1992-12-17 1997-09-02 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Polymers derived from ethylene and 1-butene for use in the preparation of lubricant dispersant additives
US6030930A (en) * 1992-12-17 2000-02-29 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Polymers derived from ethylene and 1-butene for use in the preparation of lubricant disperant additives
US5498809A (en) * 1992-12-17 1996-03-12 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Polymers derived from ethylene and 1-butene for use in the preparation of lubricant dispersant additives
US5444135A (en) * 1992-12-17 1995-08-22 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Direct synthesis by living cationic polymerization of nitrogen-containing polymers
US6306802B1 (en) 1994-09-30 2001-10-23 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Mixed antioxidant composition
US20080274041A1 (en) * 2007-05-04 2008-11-06 Envirochem Solutions, L.L.C. Preparation of nanoparticle-size zinc compounds
US20100200237A1 (en) * 2009-02-12 2010-08-12 Colgate Sam O Methods for controlling temperatures in the environments of gas and oil wells
US20100236784A1 (en) * 2009-03-20 2010-09-23 Horton Robert L Miscible stimulation and flooding of petroliferous formations utilizing viscosified oil-based fluids
US20100252259A1 (en) * 2009-04-01 2010-10-07 Horton Robert L Oil-based hydraulic fracturing fluids and breakers and methods of preparation and use
US20100263867A1 (en) * 2009-04-21 2010-10-21 Horton Amy C Utilizing electromagnetic radiation to activate filtercake breakers downhole

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