US3146581A - "d" jewel watch escapement - Google Patents

"d" jewel watch escapement Download PDF

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Publication number
US3146581A
US3146581A US161784A US16178461A US3146581A US 3146581 A US3146581 A US 3146581A US 161784 A US161784 A US 161784A US 16178461 A US16178461 A US 16178461A US 3146581 A US3146581 A US 3146581A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
jewel
tooth
lever
face
draw
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US161784A
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English (en)
Inventor
Garbe George Friedrich Wilhelm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
United States Time Corp
Original Assignee
United States Time Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by United States Time Corp filed Critical United States Time Corp
Priority to US161784A priority Critical patent/US3146581A/en
Priority to DE19621523850 priority patent/DE1523850C3/de
Priority to CH1327262A priority patent/CH553438A/de
Priority to GB48307/62A priority patent/GB955383A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3146581A publication Critical patent/US3146581A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G04B15/08—Lever escapements

Definitions

  • a timekeeper escapement controls the release of power from a source such as a mainspring so that the power is delivered in a continuous and regulated series of periodic impulses.
  • the accuracy and efficiency of the escapement movement are important determinants of the quality of the Watch.
  • the lever escapement is the type presently used in almost all pocket and wrist watches.
  • a lever escapement in common use consists of a toothed escape wheel connected through a gear train to receive power from the mainspring or other power source; a lever (or pallet) pivoted about a point between its ends, the pivot being at a point outside the periphery of the escape wheel, the lever having at one end a fork and at the other end a pair of arms forming a T, with each arm carrying a pallet jewel which moves in time with the lever, the jewels being separated by a distance determined by the distance be tween the teeth of the escape wheel according to a generally accepted formula; and a balance wheel which pivots on the balance staff and which carries a roller jewel (or impulse pin). The balance wheel is centered on the balance staff and to it is attached the hairspring.
  • a lever escapement of this type requires a means to limit the swing of the lever.
  • One such common means is the use of banking pins, one pin being positioned on each side of the lever.
  • Another such means which has been suggested but rarely used is a banking surface on each tooth of the escape wheel which the jewel will hit if it goes to the limit of its movement toward the center of the wheel.
  • Another requirement is positive drawing of the lever arm toward the wheels center by cam action of each tooth of the escape wheel and each jewel to ensure that a jewel will stay in the lock position until moved away by the roller jewel, causing the lever to rotate. This cam action can be controlled byacam surface on either tooth or jewel.
  • a further requirement is uniform positioning and interchangeability of jewels.
  • One way to provide this last requirement is to use a jewel shaped in the form of a D as set forth in De Long Patent 1,327,226.
  • Patented Sept. 1, 1964 circumstance which can prevent such performance is wide variation in the amount of draw of a tooth on a jewel from the point where the two meet to the point where draw is completed.
  • the draw is created on the face of the jewel, if the cam surface is on the jewel and the draw is created on the face of the tooth, if the cam surface is on the tooth.
  • the amount of draw is defined by a draw angle which has a technical definition explained later.
  • Another such circumstance which can prevent accurate and efficient performance is incorrect location of the jewel due to improper placement of it on the lever or to its being bent, the result being that a jewel is likely to contact a tooth improperly and jam the escapement.
  • Another problem is to ensure that each tooth gives each jewel maximum impulse for, maximum efficiency.
  • lubrication may either move away from the parts to be lubricated, or become sticky and slow the performance of the watch. This problem is especially acute in the area where the jewel hits the tooth at the banking surface of the tooth. It is also acute in the area on the lock face of the tooth because current D jewels are made with sharp corners in order to obtain maximum impulse.
  • this improvement is achieved by providing a D-jewel escapement with cam surface on the tooth for drawing the lever downward so that drawing can be accurately controlled and variation in draw over the course of travel of the jewel be minimized; by departing from the generally accepted formula determining the distance between jewels; by giving each jewel a novel contour to decrease wear without decreasing the effective length of the jewels face which contacts the tooth to give an impulse to the balance wheel; and by giving the banking surface a particular contour not only to control the swing of the lever without utilizing external banking pins and to prevent jamming the escapement if the watch is jarred or roughly cleaned but also to provide an oil reservoir to provide the proper amount of lubrication.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic top plan view of the conventional type of lever escapement movement having rectangular jewels which is included in order to explain the terms used herein and the nature of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic top plan view of the escapement of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a top plan layout drawing of the escapement of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 4-8 are schematic top plan views showing the relationships of the jewels to the teeth in the course of the levers movement.
  • the escape wheel 1 is connected through a gear train (not shown) to the barrel of the mainspring. If the escape wheel is not stopped, it will rotate the gear train at full speed until the mainspring is completely unwound.
  • the escape wheel 1 is prevented from such free rotation by the action of the generally T-shaped lever 2 which pivots about the shaft (axle) 3.
  • the upright standing pallet jewels 4 (entrance) and 5 (exit) are, in this type of escapement, rectangularly shaped and are connected to each of the two arms of the lever 2.
  • the lever 2 has a fork-like portion 6 at its top which comprises a left fork 7 and its horn 7a and a right fork 8 and its horn 8a.
  • the notch formed by the two forks is adapted to fit over an upright standing roller jewel 9 which is inserted into the spoke of the balance wheel 10 or into the great roller disc (not shown).
  • roller 11 known as a safety roller, is fastened under the balance wheel and pivots on the balance staff 12 to prevent the lever from becoming loosened from the escape ment.
  • the indented crescent portion 11a of the roller 11 allows the roller to pass when the lever is unlocked and approach its control position.
  • the banking pins 23 and 23a on opposite sides of lever 2 limit the swing of the lever.
  • the exit pallet jewel is shown in its locked position.
  • the escape wheel is prevented from turning in its normal clockwise motion by the face 13 of the pallet jewel 5 being held against the heeel (point) 14 of tooth 15.
  • the teeth are undercut at 39. In this position, the movement of the tooth draws the pallet jewel 5 toward the center of the escape wheel.
  • the cam face in this case it is on the left face of the jewel which comes in contact with the tooth) which determines how much of the movement has this draw effect, is herein called the draw face.
  • the lock face is that portion of the jewel or tooth which prevents the wheel from turning by holding against the point of the tooth or jewel, respectively. In the rectangular pallet jewel escapement of FIG. 1, the lock face and the draw face are both on the jewel.
  • FIGS. 2-6 show the improved escapement of the present invention in which the escape wheel 1 includes a special curved surface (resilient curve) 21 herein called a banking surface, which controls the extent of swing of the lever 2. This eliminates back bounce caused by the lever striking the banking pins.
  • the banking surface has adjacent to its corner 22 a portion 51 with an outwardly curved radius. This outward curved radius, acting against the curved corner 28 of the jewel, insures that there is only line and not surface contact between the jewel and the banking surface, and also insures that the banking surface and the jewel surface fall away rapidly from each other.
  • the curve surface 51 also insures that there is an oil reservoir of the proper size and shape at the corner 22. If the oil reservoir is of improper size and shape, the oil will either move away from it too readily or will dry up and become sticky.
  • the escape wheel 1 has, preferably, fifteen club teeth 25.
  • the teeth are alike and the jewels are alike.
  • the jewels 26 and 27 are in the form of currently used D-shaped jewels, except for one departure from current practice, i.e., a round surface where the circular part of the D meets the fiat part. This departure is significant.
  • the jewel as installed has a corner, causing undue wear of the face of the tooth and causing imperfect and inefficient contact be tween tooth impulse face and jewel.
  • the reason for this imperfect contact is that the provision for draw, described above, necessarily introduces an additional factor, i.e., that when the balance wheel unlocks the lever and jewel from the lock position and raises the jewel upward, the wheel 1 is rotated a certain angle backward.
  • the heel of the tooth strikes the impulse face at a certain angle which varies somewhat in each watch. At the first moment of impulse, the angle is the same regardless of the shape of the jewels corner and no impulse will be given until a certain critical angle is attained. Regardless of the shape of the corner, the angular relationship results in the effective pushing contact between the jewel and heel 14 being attained at some position52 somewhat toward the center of the jewels impulse face, see FIG. 3.
  • the D jewels are positioned on the lever so that when each jewel is in its locking and drawing positions the corner of the jewel slides against the face of the tooth.
  • the length of the draw movement and the length of the draw face is measured as between lines 35 and 35a taken from the pivot point 3 of the lever 2 (see FIG. 3).
  • the cam surface controlling the draw, i.e., the draw face is on the tooth rather than on the jewel.
  • the quantititive effect of the cam surface to control the drawing action i.e., the draw angle of the tooth
  • the draw angle should be between 10 and 16.
  • the angle that the direction of movement of a jewel makes with a tooth draw face is an important factor in symmetry of movement and therefore in accuracy. If variation in this angle can be minimized, it means there will be a minimum variation in the movement of the lever. That angle may be determined as in the following examples shown in FIG. 3. In the case of the entrance jewel 26 at its outermost point of contact 48 with heel 14, that angle is determined by inscri-bing a line 48a from lever pivot 3 to the point 48. A line 36 perpendicular to the line 48a is then drawn at that point of contact. A line 37 is then taken from the point of contact 48 along the draw face of the tooth. The angle under discussion is the angle between lines 36 and 37, i.e., angle 45.
  • the angle under discussion is determined in the same way to be 13 20' (angle 46) and for the exit jewel at its innermost position 1055 (angle 46a).
  • the average of the extremes for the entrance jewel, 1222, and the average of the extremes of the exit jewel, 1207, are substantially equal, providing substantially symmetrical movement.
  • the distance at the outermost part of the swing of the lever from the topmost portion of the tooth to the jewel portion nearest the center of the escape wheel is equal for each jewel.
  • This equal drop clearance a further departure from current practice, is attained in the escapement by a particular spacing of the jewels from each other on the lever arm.
  • the jewels give the jewels a span of 60 and 24 minutes taken between lines 33 and 34, i.e., measuring from the left edge of the left pallet jewel to the left edge of the right pallet jewel. At the moment when each jewel leaves its lock face and is about to slide over the impulse face, it is 30 and 12 from the line through the escape wheel center 29 and the lever pivot 3. It is required for this spacing that the jewels should be spaced further apart by from 5 minutes to 2, and preferably from 5 minutes to 1, than the spacing according to the formula 360 (number of teeth) number of teeth spanned by the jewels locking corners 28 and 38 of the jewels are the same distance from the lever pivot point 3.
  • the impulse as in other club tooth movements, is divided between the impulse -face 24, the crown of the tooth and the impulse face 40, the bottom portion of the jewel.
  • the entrance jewel 26 starts its descent (FIG. 4), comes into contact with the heel 14 of the tooth (FIG. 5), is pulled down into corner 22 and into lock position by the draw face of the tooth (FIG. 6), and is then lifted from its lock position by the return swing of the lever (FIG. 7).
  • the heel 14 is given an impulse to the bottom face of jewel 27.
  • the impulse face of the tooth and jewel are at an angle to each other to lessen friction.
  • the jewels of my escapement have equal lock, equal drop clearance and equal average angle between direction of movement of jewel and the face of the tooth, thereby providing a substantially symmetrical movement.
  • a timepiece lever escapement comprising a pivoted lever with an entrance and an exit pallet member, an escape wheel having a plurality of club teeth having impulse and draw faces coacting with the said pallet members, a reciprocating balance wheel capable of causing the lever to pivot and thereby to control the rate of rotation of the escape wheel, said escape wheel having the draw faces of its teeth inclined in the direction of its rotation to provide a draw angle on the teeth, said members being D shaped in cross-section in a plane parallel to the plane of the lever, each with a straight impulse face and the remaining surface rounded and each D shaped member having its rounded surface and its impulse face meeting at a rounded corner, and said members being inclined at a predetermined angle so that during the draw the direction of movement of the members is determined entirely by the camming action of the tooths draw angle and so that as the lever pivots and carries each pallet member into the path of each successive tooth the member in the path of the said tooth is drawn and locked against the draw face of the said tooth, said pallet members being separated on the lever at a distance in

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Adornments (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)
  • Table Equipment (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
  • Vending Machines For Individual Products (AREA)
US161784A 1961-12-26 1961-12-26 "d" jewel watch escapement Expired - Lifetime US3146581A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US161784A US3146581A (en) 1961-12-26 1961-12-26 "d" jewel watch escapement
DE19621523850 DE1523850C3 (de) 1961-12-26 1962-11-07 Uhren-Ankerhemmung
CH1327262A CH553438A (xx) 1961-12-26 1962-11-13
GB48307/62A GB955383A (en) 1961-12-26 1962-12-21 "d" jewel timepiece escapement

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US161784A US3146581A (en) 1961-12-26 1961-12-26 "d" jewel watch escapement

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US3146581A true US3146581A (en) 1964-09-01

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CH (1) CH553438A (xx)
GB (1) GB955383A (xx)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4903833A (en) * 1988-10-17 1990-02-27 The Mead Corporation Cartridge for web-type media material
EP1879085A1 (fr) * 2006-07-14 2008-01-16 Manufacture et fabrique de montres et chronomètres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle SA Echappement
WO2011121432A1 (fr) 2010-04-01 2011-10-06 Patek Philippe Sa Geneve Echappement d'horlogerie a protection contre les chocs
EP2400352A1 (fr) * 2010-06-22 2011-12-28 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Système d'échappement pour pièce d'horlogerie
US20150301501A1 (en) * 2012-11-26 2015-10-22 Detra Sa Lever Escapement for a Timepiece
WO2020018838A1 (en) * 2018-07-19 2020-01-23 Janer Werner Multi-cam, continuous-drive escapement mechanism

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US593849A (en) * 1897-11-16 Balance-escapement
US1327226A (en) * 1916-07-13 1920-01-06 Long Charles E De Watch-escapement
AT101260B (de) * 1925-01-23 1925-10-10 Ver Freiburger Uhrenfabriken A Brocot-Hemmung.
GB682436A (en) * 1949-07-19 1952-11-12 William Mosset Pin-pallet escapement
FR1045163A (fr) * 1950-12-23 1953-11-24 Oris Watch Co Perfectionnements aux roues d'échappement à ancre à chevilles

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US593849A (en) * 1897-11-16 Balance-escapement
US1327226A (en) * 1916-07-13 1920-01-06 Long Charles E De Watch-escapement
AT101260B (de) * 1925-01-23 1925-10-10 Ver Freiburger Uhrenfabriken A Brocot-Hemmung.
GB682436A (en) * 1949-07-19 1952-11-12 William Mosset Pin-pallet escapement
FR1045163A (fr) * 1950-12-23 1953-11-24 Oris Watch Co Perfectionnements aux roues d'échappement à ancre à chevilles

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4903833A (en) * 1988-10-17 1990-02-27 The Mead Corporation Cartridge for web-type media material
EP1879085A1 (fr) * 2006-07-14 2008-01-16 Manufacture et fabrique de montres et chronomètres Ulysse Nardin Le Locle SA Echappement
US8757869B2 (en) 2010-04-01 2014-06-24 Patek Philippe Sa Geneve Impact-proof timepiece escapement
WO2011121432A1 (fr) 2010-04-01 2011-10-06 Patek Philippe Sa Geneve Echappement d'horlogerie a protection contre les chocs
EP2585876B1 (fr) 2010-06-22 2021-02-17 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Systeme d'echappement pour piece d'horlogerie
CN103026303A (zh) * 2010-06-22 2013-04-03 斯沃奇集团研究和开发有限公司 用于钟表的擒纵系统
US20130148480A1 (en) * 2010-06-22 2013-06-13 The Swatch Group Research And Development Ltd. Escapement system for a timepiece
WO2011161193A1 (fr) * 2010-06-22 2011-12-29 The Swatch Group Research And Development Ltd Systeme d'echappement pour piece d'horlogerie
CN105319939A (zh) * 2010-06-22 2016-02-10 斯沃奇集团研究和开发有限公司 用于钟表的擒纵系统
EP2400352A1 (fr) * 2010-06-22 2011-12-28 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Système d'échappement pour pièce d'horlogerie
US20150301501A1 (en) * 2012-11-26 2015-10-22 Detra Sa Lever Escapement for a Timepiece
US9323220B2 (en) * 2012-11-26 2016-04-26 Detra Sa Lever escapement for a timepiece
WO2020018838A1 (en) * 2018-07-19 2020-01-23 Janer Werner Multi-cam, continuous-drive escapement mechanism
CN112567298A (zh) * 2018-07-19 2021-03-26 沃纳·詹纳 多凸轮连续驱动式擒纵机构
CN112567298B (zh) * 2018-07-19 2022-04-12 沃纳·詹纳 多凸轮连续驱动式擒纵机构
US11740589B2 (en) 2018-07-19 2023-08-29 Werner Janer Multi-cam, continuous-drive escapement mechanism

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH553438A (xx) 1974-08-30
CH1327262A4 (xx) 1964-12-15
DE1523850B2 (de) 1970-11-05
GB955383A (en) 1964-04-15
DE1523850A1 (de) 1969-05-14

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