US3134875A - Rebound preventing means in air blast circuit breaker - Google Patents

Rebound preventing means in air blast circuit breaker Download PDF

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US3134875A
US3134875A US91210A US9121061A US3134875A US 3134875 A US3134875 A US 3134875A US 91210 A US91210 A US 91210A US 9121061 A US9121061 A US 9121061A US 3134875 A US3134875 A US 3134875A
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contact
container
space
movable contact
circuit breaker
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US91210A
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Forwald Haakon
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ABB Norden Holding AB
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ASEA AB
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H3/00—Mechanisms for operating contacts
    • H01H3/60—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock
    • H01H3/605—Mechanical arrangements for preventing or damping vibration or shock making use of a fluid damper
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/70—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/80—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid flow of arc-extinguishing fluid from a pressure source being controlled by a valve
    • H01H33/82—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid flow of arc-extinguishing fluid from a pressure source being controlled by a valve the fluid being air or gas
    • H01H33/83—Switches with separate means for directing, obtaining, or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid flow of arc-extinguishing fluid from a pressure source being controlled by a valve the fluid being air or gas wherein the contacts are opened by the flow of air or gas

Definitions

  • This invention relates to air blast circuit breakers, and more specifically relates to a novel means for controlling the opening speed of the movable contact of an air-blast circuit breaker.
  • a means for controlling the velocity of the movable contact at the end of it's's'troke where the motion of the contact at 'the beginningof the contact opening interval is substantially unimpeded so that desirably high velocities 1 can be'obtained'during the initial contact opening period,
  • the movable contact is provided with a piston which moves within a cylinder.
  • the piston defines two volumes.
  • the first space is normally in communication within the interior of the contact container, and its pressure will remain relatively independent of the volume defined by the piston as the piston moves within the cylinder.
  • the second space on the other side of the piston is connected to areas within the interrupter container by a small orifice whereby, as the movable contact is moved to its disengaged position, this latter space will increase so that the pressure of the space is 3,134,875 Patented May 26, 1964 decreased.
  • the force driving the movable contact is, therefore, a function of the differential pressure on either side of the piston where one of these pressures is relatively constant, while the other pressure is a constantly decreasing pressure. Therefore, the motion of the contact is controlled due to a decrease in pressure on the driving side of the piston rather than by causing the piston to drive against an increasingly higher pressure air cushion whereby bouncing problems are better controlled.
  • a primary object of this invention is to provide a novel means for controlling the motion of the movable contact of an air blast circuit breaker.
  • Another object of this invention is to provide novel means for the contacts of an air blast circuit breaker which will decrease the velocity of the movable contact prior to the time that the movable contact reaches a fully disengaged position.
  • Another object of this invention is to prevent rebound of the movable contact of an air blast circuit breaker.
  • a still further object of this invention is to decrease the kinetic energy of the movable contact in an air blast circuit breaker when the movable contact reaches the end of its opening stroke.
  • FIGURE 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the contact structure of an airblast circuit breaker constructed in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIGURE 2 graphically illustrates the contact position of the movable contact of FIGURE 1 as a function of time in solid lines, as contrasted to the prior artl ype movable contact illustrated in dotted lines.
  • FIGURE 3 shows the contact velocity-of the movable contact of FIGURE 1 as a function of time in solid lines as contrasted to the prior type devices illustrated in dotted lines.
  • FIGURE 1 I have shown the main breaking'gap of a typical air blast circuit breaker which includes an insulating container 1 which carries a stationary contact 2 (partially shown), and a movable contact 3 formed of a conductive tubular member having opening 4 which extends centrally through movable con- I tact'3.
  • An upper conductive cap is secured to'container land has an orifice 5a therein which is in communication with the external atmosphere.
  • a flexible'insert 5 is at the top of the cap for receiving the upperend of contact 3 when contact 3 is moved to its disengaged position.
  • Movable contact 3 is biased toward its closed position shown in FIGURE 1 by a compression spring 6.
  • movable contact 3 is then provided with an outercollar or flange which serves as a piston in accordance with the present invention, and is movable within cylinder 8.
  • Th'e piston 7 defines a space 9 within cylinder 8 which,
  • Piston 7 defines a space 9 within cylinder 8 which is in communication with the interior of the container through the small orifice 10, whereas relatively large openings 11 permit ready communication between space 12 and the space enclosed by container 1.
  • movable contact 3 contains a relatively small channel 13 which communicates between space 9 and the space enclosed by container 1 which would include space 12 within cylinder 8. Note that channel 13 is cut on from this external space when contact 3 moves a predetermined small dismoves downward.
  • a source of relatively high pressure air is connected to container 1.
  • the contact 3 then begins to move up:
  • the final velocity of the movable contact is thus substantially decreased at the end of the motion of the contact so that, asthe upper end of contact 3 seats against member 5, to seal off channel 4 from orifice 5 there will be a minimum of bounce.
  • FIGURE 2 I have illustrated the relationship between time and contact position for the case of the usual 'type of circuit breaker contact shown in dotted lines, while the novel control structure of the present invention is shown in solid lines. It will be seen in FIGURE 2 that when usi g the c n o m n o the in enticn he contact opens at a time later than is the usual case. However, during the critical period in which the contact is initially moved, there is substantially no difference between the characteristics of the usual type of circuit breaker contact and the circuit breaker contact of the present invention.
  • the final contact velocity is less than /2 of the usual final velocity, whereby the kinetic energy of the movable contact will be less than A that contained by a contact driven by prior art means.
  • a contact velocity control means for an airblast circuit breaker having a contact movable between engaged and disengaged positions and a container adapted to be filled with airunder pressure, said contact being movably mounted in the container, said control means comprising a cylinder element and a piston element slid- -able in the cylinder element, said piston element defining first and second spaces within the cylinder element on opposite sides of the piston element, one of said elements being secured to the container and the other to the-movable contact, said first space being substantially closed off from the interior of the container, said first space inpassage.

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  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)

Description

H.. FORWALD Filed Feb. 23, 1961 May 26, 1964 REBOUND PREVENTING MEANS IN AIR BLAST CIRCUIT BREAKER INVENTOR. HAflkM/ Era/AM 7 BY ,JM, fi fimvav 3,134,875 REBOUND PREVENTING MEANS IN AIR BLAST CIRCUIT BREAKER Haakon Forwald, Ludvika, Sweden, assignor to Allmiinna Svenska Elektriska Aktiebolaget, Vasteras, Sweden, a
corporation of Sweden Filed Feb. 23, 1961, Ser. No. 91,210 Claims priority, application Sweden Feb. 27, 1960 2 Claims. (Cl. 200-148) This invention relates to air blast circuit breakers, and more specifically relates to a novel means for controlling the opening speed of the movable contact of an air-blast circuit breaker.
In air blast circuit breakers which are well known 'to those skilled in the art, the velocity of the movable contact normally increases linearly with time. Therefore, when the contact reaches the end of its opening stroke, its velocity is quite high so that the kinetic energy of the movable contact is appreciable. This requires a braking means which can absorb the substantial kinetic energy of the movable contact without causing substantial bounce. In the past, it has been the practice, for example, to let the contact strike a rubber buffer at the end of its opening motion. However, because of the relatively short distance which the rubber buffer would permit the contact' to move and because'of the high kinetic energy of the contacts, exceedingly large impulse forces were developed which require strong structural elements to withstand these impulse forces, and which produce bouncing problems which are very difficult to eliminate.
Another attempted solution to this problem has been to decrease the movable contactvelocity toward the end of its stroke. Since the kinetic energy developed in the movable contact is proportional to the square of its velocity, even a relatively small decrease in the velocity of the movable contact at the end of the stroke can result in a substantial decrease of the impulse forces generated when the contact is brought to a stop.
In order to provide this decrease in velocity, it has been 1 the practice to secure a piston to the movable contact which moves within a cylinder.
7 As the movable contact moves towards its disengaged position, the cylinder compresses the air Within an enclosed-cylinder space so that a constantly increasing restraining vforce is developed tending to retard the speed of the contact asit comes closer and closer to its end position.
It has been found that this arrangement has a serious disadvantage inthat shock waves are generated through the compressed air cushion which serves as a damping air cushion which cause very serious bouncing problems when the contact'reaches its end position, which bouncing problems could result in restrikeof the arc.
In accordance with the present invention, a means is provided for controlling the velocity of the movable contact at the end of it's's'troke where the motion of the contact at 'the beginningof the contact opening interval is substantially unimpeded so that desirably high velocities 1 can be'obtained'during the initial contact opening period,
and at the same time,'the movable contact is subjected to pneumatic fo'rccsin such a manner as to prevent the generation of shock waves.
More specifically, the movable contact is provided with a piston which moves within a cylinder. The piston defines two volumes. The first space is normally in communication within the interior of the contact container, and its pressure will remain relatively independent of the volume defined by the piston as the piston moves within the cylinder. The second space, however, on the other side of the piston is connected to areas within the interrupter container by a small orifice whereby, as the movable contact is moved to its disengaged position, this latter space will increase so that the pressure of the space is 3,134,875 Patented May 26, 1964 decreased. The force driving the movable contact is, therefore, a function of the differential pressure on either side of the piston where one of these pressures is relatively constant, while the other pressure is a constantly decreasing pressure. Therefore, the motion of the contact is controlled due to a decrease in pressure on the driving side of the piston rather than by causing the piston to drive against an increasingly higher pressure air cushion whereby bouncing problems are better controlled.
Accordingly, a primary object of this invention is to provide a novel means for controlling the motion of the movable contact of an air blast circuit breaker.
Another object of this invention is to provide novel means for the contacts of an air blast circuit breaker which will decrease the velocity of the movable contact prior to the time that the movable contact reaches a fully disengaged position.
Another object of this invention is to prevent rebound of the movable contact of an air blast circuit breaker.
A still further object of this invention is to decrease the kinetic energy of the movable contact in an air blast circuit breaker when the movable contact reaches the end of its opening stroke.
These and other objects of this invention will become apparent from the following description when taken in connection with the drawings in which:
FIGURE 1 shows a cross-sectional view of the contact structure of an airblast circuit breaker constructed in accordance with the present invention. Y
FIGURE 2 graphically illustrates the contact position of the movable contact of FIGURE 1 as a function of time in solid lines, as contrasted to the prior artl ype movable contact illustrated in dotted lines.
' FIGURE 3 shows the contact velocity-of the movable contact of FIGURE 1 as a function of time in solid lines as contrasted to the prior type devices illustrated in dotted lines.
Referring first to FIGURE 1, I have shown the main breaking'gap of a typical air blast circuit breaker which includes an insulating container 1 which carries a stationary contact 2 (partially shown), and a movable contact 3 formed of a conductive tubular member having opening 4 which extends centrally through movable con- I tact'3.
An upper conductive cap is secured to'container land has an orifice 5a therein which is in communication with the external atmosphere. A flexible'insert 5 is at the top of the cap for receiving the upperend of contact 3 when contact 3 is moved to its disengaged position. Thus, when contact 3 is moved to its disengaged position, the interior of container 1 is sealed with respect to opening 5a so that compressed air is not lost from the interior of container 1. I a
Movable contact 3 is biased toward its closed position shown in FIGURE 1 by a compression spring 6. The
movable contact 3 is then provided with an outercollar or flange which serves as a piston in accordance with the present invention, and is movable within cylinder 8.
Th'e piston 7 defines a space 9 within cylinder 8 which,
during the opening motion of movable'contact 3, will'be increased.
Piston 7 defines a space 9 within cylinder 8 which is in communication with the interior of the container through the small orifice 10, whereas relatively large openings 11 permit ready communication between space 12 and the space enclosed by container 1.
As shown in dotted lines in FIGURE 1, movable contact 3 contains a relatively small channel 13 which communicates between space 9 and the space enclosed by container 1 which would include space 12 within cylinder 8. Note that channel 13 is cut on from this external space when contact 3 moves a predetermined small dismoves downward. These back valve means and the restricted opening 10 can of course be located otherwise.
In order to move the contact 3 to its disengaged position, a source of relatively high pressure air is connected to container 1. The contact 3 then begins to move up:
wardly, since the pressure on the exposed portion not covered by contact 2 is great enough (because the pressures 7 in spaces 9 and 12 are equal, by virtue of passage 13) to exceed the strength of spring6.
Once this movement has started, high pressure air will flow from container 1 through channel 4 and through orifice a to break the arc between contacts 2 and 3.
Continued movement of the movable contact 3 closes oif the passage 13. However, the whole bottom area of thecontact 3 except for the passage 4 is now exposed to air .pressure while the upper part is in contact with free air. The pressure on the exposed end of the contact 3 is enough to overcome the resistance of spring 6.
As the contact moves upward, with passage 13 closed, the space 9 enlarges. This means, because thehigh pressure air can only enter the space 9 slowly because of restricted orifice 10, that the pressure within the space 9 tends to decrease with respect to that in space 12. This means that thenet force acting on the bottom of piston 7 plus the force acting on the bottom of contact 3 tends to come to a balance with the force acting on the top of piston 7 plus the force of spring 6. However, because the orifice 10 does permit slow flow into space 9, tending to balance the pressure on both faces of the piston, the member 3 will continue to moveupwardly to'its uppermost position, but will move more slowly than if -space 9 was in free communication with the interior of container 1.
The final velocity of the movable contact is thus substantially decreased at the end of the motion of the contact so that, asthe upper end of contact 3 seats against member 5, to seal off channel 4 from orifice 5 there will be a minimum of bounce.
When the uppermost position is reached, the pressure onthe bottom of the contact 3 is still greater than the force of spring 6, because the surfaces of the movable contact are suitably proportioned so that this condition exists, and the pressure is equalized on the opposite sides of piston 7, so that the movable contact is held in disengaged position by the pressure in the container.
When the pressure is removed from container 1, contacts 2 and 3 are closed by the influence of spring 5 with the check valve means 14 preventing the compression of air in space 9 so that the closing motion of contact 3 is not retarded. That is, during downward movement of the contact 3, check valves 14 will open so that the move- 'ment of the piston is not substantially retarded by reason of the restricted opening 10.
In FIGURE 2 I have illustrated the relationship between time and contact position for the case of the usual 'type of circuit breaker contact shown in dotted lines, while the novel control structure of the present invention is shown in solid lines. It will be seen in FIGURE 2 that when usi g the c n o m n o the in enticn he contact opens at a time later than is the usual case. However, during the critical period in which the contact is initially moved, there is substantially no difference between the characteristics of the usual type of circuit breaker contact and the circuit breaker contact of the present invention. As a consequence of this increase in time, and as shown in FIGURE 3, the contact velocity during time decreases from its peak value, whereby the kinetic energy of the movable contact at the end of the opening stroke is considerably less than in the case of the prior art type structures shown in dotted lines in FIGURE 3.
More specifically, in the case of FIGURE 3, the final contact velocity is less than /2 of the usual final velocity, whereby the kinetic energy of the movable contact will be less than A that contained by a contact driven by prior art means.
In the foregoing, I have described my invention only in connection with preferred embodiments thereof. Many variations and modifications of the principles of my invention within the scope of the description herein are obvious. Accordingly, I prefer to be bound not by the specific disclosure herein, but only by the appended claims.
I claim:
1.'A contact velocity control means for an airblast circuit breaker having a contact movable between engaged and disengaged positions and a container adapted to be filled with airunder pressure, said contact being movably mounted in the container, said control means comprising a cylinder element and a piston element slid- -able in the cylinder element, said piston element defining first and second spaces within the cylinder element on opposite sides of the piston element, one of said elements being secured to the container and the other to the-movable contact, said first space being substantially closed off from the interior of the container, said first space inpassage.
2. In a contact velocity control means as claimed in claim 1, means independent of said restricted opening connecting said second space with the interior of the container in the engaged position of the movable contact,
and means operable by movement of the movable contact away from its engaged position to close said connecting means.
References'Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,015,792 Geraghty Oct. 1, 1935 2,025,549 Prince "Dec. 24, 1935 2,572,406 ,Stulz Oct. 23, 1951 2,574,334 Latollr NOV. 6, 1951 2,592,079 Thommen et a1. Apr. 8, 1952 2,919,329 Latour Dec. 29, 1959 3, 71, 7 Yeckl y et a1, an. 1, 1 6.

Claims (1)

1. A CONTACT VELOCITY CONTROL MEANS FOR AN AIRBLAST CIRCUIT BREAKER HAVING A CONTACT MOVABLE BETWEEN ENGAGED AND DISENGAGED POSITIONS AND A CONTAINER ADAPTED TO BE FILLED WITH AIR UNDER PRESSURE, SAID CONTACT BEING MOVABLY MOUNTED IN THE CONTAINER, SAID CONTROL MEANS COMPRISING A CYLINDER ELEMENT AND A PISTON ELEMENT SLIDABLE IN THE CYLINDER ELEMENT, SAID PISTON ELEMENT DEFINING FIRST AND SECOND SPACES WITHIN THE CYLINDER ELEMENT ON OPPOSITE SIDES OF THE PISTON ELEMENT, ONE OF SAID ELEMENTS BEING SECURED TO THE CONTAINER AND THE OTHER TO THE MOVABLE CONTACT, SAID FIRST SPACE BEING SUBSTANTIALLY CLOSED OFF FROM THE INTERIOR OF THE CONTAINER, SAID FIRST SPACE INCREASING IN VOLUME DURING MOVEMENT OF THE CONTACT TOWARDS DISENGAGED POSITION, A RESTRICTED OPENING CONNECTING THE FIRST SPACE TO THE INTERIOR OF THE CONTAINER, SAID SECOND SPACE BEING IN SUBSTANTIALLY FREE COMMUNICATION WITH THE INTERIOR OF THE CONTAINER, SAID MOVABLE CONTACT HAVING A PASSAGE THERETHROUGH COMMUNICATING WITH FREE AIR, SAID PASSAGE OPENING WHEN THE CONTACT STARTS TO MOVE TO DISENGAGED POSITION, AND MEANS OPERABLE WHEN THE CONTACT REACHES FULLY DISENGAGED POSITION TO CLOSE SAID PASSAGE.
US91210A 1960-02-27 1961-02-23 Rebound preventing means in air blast circuit breaker Expired - Lifetime US3134875A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3614357A (en) * 1969-05-08 1971-10-19 Ite Imperial Corp Gas blast circuit interrupter using main movable contact as blast valve
US3629532A (en) * 1970-02-20 1971-12-21 Sun Electric Corp Immediately responsive fluid flow operated switch with normally closed spring contact in flow channel
EP1939908A1 (en) * 2006-12-29 2008-07-02 ABB Technology Ltd Method of operating a circuit breaker

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2015792A (en) * 1933-03-31 1935-10-01 John G Flanigan Starting control system for automobile engines
US2025549A (en) * 1934-08-28 1935-12-24 Gen Electric Operating mechanism for electric circuit breakers
US2572406A (en) * 1948-09-02 1951-10-23 Stulz Charles High-voltage oil circuit breaker
US2574334A (en) * 1940-04-06 1951-11-06 Merlin Gerin Air-blast circuit breaker
US2592079A (en) * 1948-07-31 1952-04-08 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Compressed gas operated circuit breaker
US2919329A (en) * 1956-07-10 1959-12-29 Merlin Gerin Air blast circuit breakers
US3071670A (en) * 1959-07-01 1963-01-01 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupters

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DE616271C (en) * 1931-03-30 1935-07-24 Siemens Schuckertwerke Akt Ges Compressed air drive for expansion switch
DE609723C (en) * 1933-08-03 1935-02-22 Fritz Faudi Suspension and shock absorption device for vehicles
DE648477C (en) * 1935-11-25 1937-08-06 Frida Strauss Geb Ruppel Electric switch with arc extinguishing by a pressure medium
DE698809C (en) * 1938-07-17 1940-11-18 Voigt & Haeffner Akt Ges A damping pump consisting of a cylinder with a piston, especially for starting devices, in connection with electrical switchgear
DE706662C (en) * 1938-12-25 1941-05-31 Aeg Fluid brake for electrical high-performance switches
DE853770C (en) * 1949-07-24 1952-10-27 Voigt & Haeffner Ag Damping pump for electrical switches
US2665351A (en) * 1951-02-09 1954-01-05 Asea Ab Arrangement in air blast circuit breaker provided with damping resistance
DE914026C (en) * 1952-02-23 1954-06-24 Voigt & Haeffner Ag Fluid brake for regulating the switching speed of electrical circuit breakers
BE564461A (en) * 1957-02-01
DE1065060B (en) * 1958-09-05 1959-09-10 Voigt & Haeffner Ag Damping pump for energy storage drive electrical switchgear

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2015792A (en) * 1933-03-31 1935-10-01 John G Flanigan Starting control system for automobile engines
US2025549A (en) * 1934-08-28 1935-12-24 Gen Electric Operating mechanism for electric circuit breakers
US2574334A (en) * 1940-04-06 1951-11-06 Merlin Gerin Air-blast circuit breaker
US2592079A (en) * 1948-07-31 1952-04-08 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Compressed gas operated circuit breaker
US2572406A (en) * 1948-09-02 1951-10-23 Stulz Charles High-voltage oil circuit breaker
US2919329A (en) * 1956-07-10 1959-12-29 Merlin Gerin Air blast circuit breakers
US3071670A (en) * 1959-07-01 1963-01-01 Westinghouse Electric Corp Circuit interrupters

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3614357A (en) * 1969-05-08 1971-10-19 Ite Imperial Corp Gas blast circuit interrupter using main movable contact as blast valve
US3629532A (en) * 1970-02-20 1971-12-21 Sun Electric Corp Immediately responsive fluid flow operated switch with normally closed spring contact in flow channel
EP1939908A1 (en) * 2006-12-29 2008-07-02 ABB Technology Ltd Method of operating a circuit breaker
WO2008080979A2 (en) * 2006-12-29 2008-07-10 Abb Technology Ltd High-voltage disconnecting circuit breaker and method of operating the same
WO2008080979A3 (en) * 2006-12-29 2008-12-04 Abb Technology Ltd High-voltage disconnecting circuit breaker and method of operating the same
US20100012624A1 (en) * 2006-12-29 2010-01-21 Ulf Akesson High-Voltage Disconnecting Circuit Breaker And Method Of Operating The Same
RU2458425C2 (en) * 2006-12-29 2012-08-10 Абб Текнолоджи Лтд High-voltage switch with disconnector function and method of switch control

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GB924613A (en) 1963-04-24
DE1203855B (en) 1965-10-28
CH383467A (en) 1964-10-31

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