US3131443A - Dressing of moulds for castings and ingots - Google Patents
Dressing of moulds for castings and ingots Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3131443A US3131443A US251751A US25175163A US3131443A US 3131443 A US3131443 A US 3131443A US 251751 A US251751 A US 251751A US 25175163 A US25175163 A US 25175163A US 3131443 A US3131443 A US 3131443A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- mould
- dressing
- sand
- moulds
- molten metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940059904 light mineral oil Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005662 Paraffin oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000005233 alkylalcohol group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000012736 aqueous medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L sulfite Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
- B22C3/00—Selection of compositions for coating the surfaces of moulds, cores, or patterns
Description
United States Patent s 131 443 onrssmo or tuburins non CASTHNGS AND moors This invention relates to the dressing of sand moulds used in the production of castings and ingots.
The normal method of making a sand mould is to compact the sand against a pattern but before doing so it is customary to apply to the surface of the pattern a so-called release composition in order that the pattern shape should afterwards be removable from the sand. The release composition is usually essentially hydrophobic and may be for example a dispersion of a fatty substance such as a fatty acid in a mineral oil. It normally arises in this procedure that some of the release composition is retained on those surfaces of the sand mould which have been in juxtaposition with the pattern.
When molten metal is poured into a mould as thus prepared, and allowed to set therein, to form a casting or ingot it is of course necessary that the solidified ingot or casting should be easily removable from the mould and desirable that it should have a good surface finish. It is the customary practice therefore to apply a so-called mould dressing to the surfaces of the mould which are to be contacted by the molten metal. Such mould dressings are broadly speaking of two main types, those based on water which must be dried out on the surface of the mould, and those based on alcohol or other volatile solvent which may be dried out by evaporation, or the solvent removed by burning it olf.
Of these two types of mould dressing, those based on an aqueous medium have the advantage of being considerably more economical. The difliculty arises, however, that if the surface of the mould has, as indicated above, picked up some of the hydrophobic release composition which was originally on the surface of the pattern, then the surface of the mould acquires a substantial degree of water-repellency. Accordingly, it repels the application of a waterbased mould dressing, and it may frequently be necessary in such circumstances to resort to the use of the more expensive type of alcoholsbased dressing.
1-: is an object of the present invention to overcome this difliculty by providing a release composition for application to the original pattern which minimizes or eliminates the risk of water-repellency on the surface of the compacted sand mould.
According to the present invention there is provided a method for the production of sand moulds for use in the production of an ingot or casting which comprises compacting sand to the shape of the desired mould against a pattern which carries a thin coating of a release composition which is a solution, in a light mineral oil (e.g. paraffin oil), of a mineral oil emulsifying agent.
According to a further feature of the present invention there is provided a method for the production of a sand mould which is surface-conditioned to receive molten metal for the formation of an ingot or casting which comprises forming a sand mould by the method which is set forth and applying to the surfaces of the mould which are to contact the molten metal a water-based mould dressing known per se.
It will be understood that the expression sand mould used in this application includes not only moulds which have a cavity into which molten metal can be poured but also sand cores which may form part of such moulds.
Ihe emulsifying agent present in the release composilice.
tion may be any of those which are commonly known in the art, and marketed for use in the production of oilinwater or water-in-oil emulsions; non-ionic dispersing agents which are condensation products of ethylene oxide with long chain alkyl alcohols are generally very suitable. Such products are commercially available, e.g. under the trade mark Empilan =A, produced by Marchon Products Limited. This material is a liquid anhydrous non-ionic emulsifying agent and is specifically designed for the conversion of mineral oil-s into selfemulsifying agents. Thus, for example, about 1 0% of Empilan A is dissolved in mineral oil by stirring, and the mixture poured slowly with stirring into water, a stable emulsion is obtained. It has been found for example that a 1% solution of Empilan A in 99% of kerosene forms a release composition which allows ready separation of the pattern from the sand mould during the production of the sand mould but which, nevertheless, permits the use of water-based mould dressings applied to the mould surface before the pouring of the molten metal.
Although, as indicated above, even as low a proportion as 1% by weight of an emulsifying agent gives useful results, substantially higher proportions may be used, e.g. up to 20% by weight of the total composition.
lit is to be noted that while the release compositions of the present invention are of especial value where waterbased mould dressings are to be used, nevertheless they may also be employed satisfactorily when spirit-based mould dressings are employed. Further it has been observed that until water is applied to its surface the layer of emulsifying agent itself is a good stripping medium and lubricant, resembling a fatty acid in its properties.
The following example illustrates the application of the invention to a practical case.
Example In the production of an iron ingot mould the mould was produced as a casting in a sand mould. The sand core (which defined the inner shape of the casting cavity of the iron mould ultimately produced) was 10 feet long and of maximum diameter 3 feet. It was produced in a core box of which the surfaces against which the sand was compacted were .pre-treated by the application of a release composition.
Before being put to use the resultant sand core was given a surface coating of a mould dressing of 10 lbs. of crushed carbon per gallon of water containing 2% by weight of sulphite lye. It was found that the most convenient way of applying this dressing was to stand the core on its end and pour the dressing over it from the top so that the dressing flowed down the sides.
It was found that when a conventional release composition was used on the core box consisting of a dispersion of a fatty acid in nuner-al oil, suflicient of that release composition was retained on the surface of the sand core as to produce substantial patches of highly hydrophobic properties which were not easily wet-ted by the water-based mould dressing which is referred to. It was accordingly necessary to spend considerable time in swabbing and brushing the dressing onto these areas in order that the whole core surface should be adequately dressed.
However when the release composition used in the core box was substituted by a 1% by weight solution in paraffin oil (kerosene) of a condensation product of ethylene oxide and along chain fatty alcohol, equally good release properties were obtained and it was found that the said water-based mould dressing spread evenly over the sand core leaving no bare patches due to any local areas of hydrophobic surtace.
What I claim is:
1. A method for the production of sand moulds which are surface-conditioned to receive molten metal for the 4% fonnation of ingots :and castings which comprises eom- Refesenees Clte in the file of this patent pacting sand to the shape of the desired mould against a UNITED STATES PATENTS pattern which carries a than coating of a release oomposition which is a solution, in a light mineral oil, of a min- 1:614:846 More 1927 enal oil emulsifying agent and applying to ihe surfaces 5 1,845,371 Wallace 1932 of like mould which are to contact the molten metal a FOREIGN PATENTS water-based mould dressing.
I l 579,218 Canada July 7, 1959 2. A method aeeordlng .to claim 1 wherom the mould 831,162 Great Britain Mar 23, 1960 dressing is an aqueous dispersion of carbon particles.
Claims (1)
1. A METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF SAND MOULDS WHICH ARE SURFACE-CONDITIONED TO RECEIVE MOLTEN METAL FOR THE FORMATION OF INGOTS AND CASTINGS WHICH COMPRISES COMPACTING SAND TO THE SHAPE OF THE DESIRED MOULD AGAINST A PATTERN WHICH CARRIES A THIN COATING OF A RELEASE COMPOSITION WHICH IS A SOLUTION, IN A LIGHT MINERAL OIL, OF A MINERAL OIL EMULSIGYING AGENT AND APPLYING TO THE SURFACES OF THE MOULD WHICH ARE TO CONTACT THE MOLTEN METAL A WATER-BASED MOULD DRESSING.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB3131443X | 1962-01-18 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3131443A true US3131443A (en) | 1964-05-05 |
Family
ID=10922246
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US251751A Expired - Lifetime US3131443A (en) | 1962-01-18 | 1963-01-16 | Dressing of moulds for castings and ingots |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3131443A (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1614846A (en) * | 1925-05-29 | 1927-01-18 | Sand Spun Patents Corp | Method of making metal castings |
US1845371A (en) * | 1929-08-13 | 1932-02-16 | Benjamin F Wallace | Foundry facing and method of applying same to molds |
CA579218A (en) * | 1959-07-07 | Cibula Gerhard | Process for the production of a separating agent for foundry moulds and cores | |
GB831162A (en) * | 1956-06-28 | 1960-03-23 | British Petroleum Co | Process for the production of a separating agent for foundry moulds and cores |
-
1963
- 1963-01-16 US US251751A patent/US3131443A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA579218A (en) * | 1959-07-07 | Cibula Gerhard | Process for the production of a separating agent for foundry moulds and cores | |
US1614846A (en) * | 1925-05-29 | 1927-01-18 | Sand Spun Patents Corp | Method of making metal castings |
US1845371A (en) * | 1929-08-13 | 1932-02-16 | Benjamin F Wallace | Foundry facing and method of applying same to molds |
GB831162A (en) * | 1956-06-28 | 1960-03-23 | British Petroleum Co | Process for the production of a separating agent for foundry moulds and cores |
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