US3127750A - Low temperature storage facilities for liquefied gases - Google Patents

Low temperature storage facilities for liquefied gases Download PDF

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Publication number
US3127750A
US3127750A US1534A US153460A US3127750A US 3127750 A US3127750 A US 3127750A US 1534 A US1534 A US 1534A US 153460 A US153460 A US 153460A US 3127750 A US3127750 A US 3127750A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
vessel
columns
storage
column
support
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US1534A
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English (en)
Inventor
Fave Ivan V La
Jr Walter R Mikesell
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chicago Bridge and Iron Co
Original Assignee
Chicago Bridge and Iron Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL258995D priority Critical patent/NL258995A/xx
Priority to NL121084D priority patent/NL121084C/xx
Priority to BE597853D priority patent/BE597853A/xx
Priority to CH6742460D priority patent/CH6742460D/xx
Priority to US1534A priority patent/US3127750A/en
Application filed by Chicago Bridge and Iron Co filed Critical Chicago Bridge and Iron Co
Priority to GB37429/60A priority patent/GB893537A/en
Priority to BR124767/60A priority patent/BR6024767D0/pt
Priority to FR849444A priority patent/FR1277603A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3127750A publication Critical patent/US3127750A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/081—Mounting arrangements for vessels for large land-based storage vessels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H7/00—Construction or assembling of bulk storage containers employing civil engineering techniques in situ or off the site
    • E04H7/02—Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor
    • E04H7/04—Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor mainly of metal
    • E04H7/14—Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor mainly of metal ball-shaped
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S220/00—Receptacles
    • Y10S220/901—Liquified gas content, cryogenic

Definitions

  • This invention relates to an improved double-walled tank for the storage of liquefied, normally gaseous materials. It more particularly relates to the structure for supporting the inner storage vessel within the outer shell of a double-walled tank.
  • double-walled tanks having an inner storage vessel which contains the cryogenic liquid and an outer shell spaced apart and insulated from the inner vessel are generally used.
  • Gases such as methane, having a normal boiling point of about 259 F., oxygen having a normal boiling point of about -298 F., and other industrial gases are advantageously stored in the liquid state at temperatures equal to the boiling point of the cryogenic liquid because of the space and material economies which are provided using liquid storage facilities.
  • a support structure for the inner storage vessel which employs a means for preventing the development of stresses or minimizing their eifect in the support structure ordinarily induced upon thermal contraction as the vessel reaches its service temperature.
  • FIGURE 1 is a vertical cross sectional view of a double-Walled, spherical, cryogenic, storage tank built in accordance with this invention prior to the application of prestress of the support structure of the inner vessel;
  • FIGURE 2 is the same type of view of the same vessel after the prestressing of the supporting structure for the inner vessel has been completed but before the cryogenic liquid has been introduced;
  • FIGURE 3 is an enlarged View of apparatus used in a preferred method of applying the bending prestress hereinafter described.
  • FIGURE 4 is a fragmentary view of another prestressing expedient which can be employed.
  • FIGURE 1 there is shown a spherical, double-walled, cryogenic tank as built and filled with a test liquid at ambient temperature.
  • This tank comprises a spherical inner vessel 10 and a spherical outer vessel 11 spaced apart from the inner vessel 10 so as to form an insulating space 12 between the vessel Walls.
  • the inner vessel 10 is supported by a plurality of vertical columns 13 which rest on hearing plates 14. These vertical columns are designed so as to be able to support the load of the inner vessel and either the weight of the test liquid or the weight of the stored cryogenic liquid, which ever has the higher specific gravity, when the columns are not subjected to substantial bending stresses.
  • the outer vessel 11 is similarly supported by a plurality of vertical columns 15 which rest on a horizontal base plate 16 which in turn is supported by concrete or other suitable fixed foundation 17.
  • the inner vessel support columns 13 are positioned within the outer vessel columns 15. In the position shown in FIGURE 1 the support columns 13 are preferably not concentrically located.
  • the vertical axis of each support column 13 is located off center from the axis of the outer support column 15 in a direction outwardly from the center of the vessel and preferably in a radial direction.
  • the inner column base plate 14 rests upon and is supported by the outer column base plate 16 which is secured to the foundation 17 by suitable tie bolts not shown.
  • Base plate 14 is not joined to base plate 16 but is adapted to slide thereon provided sufficient force is applied to the base plate 14 to cause such sliding to occur.
  • the cryogenic Vessel After the cryogenic Vessel has been completed as shown in FIGURE 1, it will usually be tested by filling with water or some other suitable liquid having a specific grava ity preferably above that of the cryogenic liquid for which the vessel is designed, said test liquid normally being at ambient temperature.
  • the inner vessel columns 13 must therefore support in compression the weight of the test liquid and the weight of the inner vessel.
  • the test liquid T is Withdrawn from the tank and a sufficient force is applied to each of the inner vessel columns 13 to displace the base inwardly a distance AR, where AR is the difference between the radius of the inner vessel at the storage temperature of the cryogenic liquid for which it is designed and at the ambient temperature.
  • the displacement is elfected by a suitable force applicator such as a jacking means 18 shown schematically in FIGURES 1 and 2. It is preferred that the force be applied at the base plate 14; however, the desired displacement can be accomplished by applying a suitable force at other positions along the inner support columns 13.
  • each of the inner support columns 13 induces a bending moment in these columns 13 which remains until the inner storage vessel 10 begins to be cooled by the introduction of the cryogenic liquid when the vessel is placed in service.
  • the radius of the inner vessel is reduced through thermal contraction by the distance AR as defined above and consequently when the inner vessel 10 has reached the temperature of the cryogenic liquid, the initial bending prestress has been substantially relieved and the inner vessel support columns 13 are once again straight and vertical and not subjected to significant bending stresses. In this condition the inner vessel support columns 13 and the outer vessel support columns 15 can be concentric.
  • outer support columns 15 can be made to intersect the outer vessel tangentially, where the inner support column 13 will not be coaxial with the outer supvalues of (El) and (ED the following formulae are port columns 15. applicable:
  • V 1 Z 3 ZZZ 1 Z Z 2 Z 3 to minimize the heat path.
  • Factors which affect the amount 5 1 Q 5 4. 4 12 of heat following a given path lnclude the cross sectional area of the path, the thermal conductivity of the material and comprising the path, and the length of the path.
  • the support structure of this invention employs inner its contents and the bending stresses resulting from the support columns 13 which are relatively long and slender. thermal dimensional changes.
  • 6ECA can be used to displace the base of the inner support col-
  • Column bending stress - (A) umns 13 in a horizontal direction radially toward the center of the inner vessel 11.
  • an opening 12E! 20 is provided in the outer support column 15 oriented
  • Base plate shear V A (B) Z3 radlally outwardly from the center of the inner storage vessel 10, permitting access to the base 14 of the inner support column 13.
  • the amount of displacel 1ength the Column, measured from the bottom of ment in the radial direction toward the center of the vessel the shell intersection to the base plate.
  • i AR as previously defined
  • This expedient being a permanent installation, has the An evaluation f Equations (B) and (C) will give the additional advantage that it is constantly ready and availmaximum shear that can exist between the base plates.
  • the base plate 14 has two tapped holes 25 and 26 in which threaded rods 27 and 28 extend through holes 29 and the maximum bending stress is: and 30 in the outer support column 15 so as to be engage- Vcl able from the outside with nuts 31 and 32 which, when j (E) rotated in bearing against the wall of the outer support column 15, can accomplish whatever movement of the base If exceeds the allowable bending stress, or if the plate 14 is desired. remaining end deflection of the column, after sliding, is After the prestressing has been accomplished by jacking considered excessive (when (B) equals (0)) prestressing as discussed above, it is desirable to install an insulating of the inner vessel support column should be employed.
  • materials which do not become embrittled at the service temperatures are selected for the inner vessel and for that portion of the inner vessel support which will have to operate at low service temperatures.
  • the outer vessel on the other hand, and its support structure need not be made of the more expensive low temperature service material because they will operate at approximately ambient temperature and a mild carbon steel is therefore suitable.
  • Materials which may be suitable for the inner vessel and supporting structure include aluminum, stainless steel of the 300 series, and certain nickel steel alloys such as 3 /2% nickel and 9% nickel.
  • a temperature gradient in the support structure ranging from approximately ambient temperature at the point of connection of the inner support structure to the outer column or base plate to a low of the operating service temperature at the point of connection of the column to the inner vessel. Because of differences in costs of materials adapted for service at different temperatures, it may be desired to construct the inner vessel and that portion of the inner column which connects to the inner vessel of the more expensive material suitable for the lowest temperature, and to construct all or a part of the remaining portion of the inner column of a less expensive material suitable for an intermediate temperature range between the range for which mild carbon steel and that for which the inner vessel are adapted.
  • Storage tanks employing the teachings of this invention can be constructed having capacities up to about 60,000 barrels of liquid storage.
  • a spherical, aluminum, inner storage vessel of the type shown in FIGURE 1 60 in diameter for use in liquid oxygen storage at substantially atmospheric pressure, is constructed to be supported substantially concentrically within a 68 diameter outer shell held in elevated position by tubular columns having an ID. of 74".
  • the inner vessel which has a capacity of 20,000 barrels is maintained in position by twelve (12) tubular supports equally spaced about the equator thereof. Each support is 38 to 40 long and is fabricated from l g"ithick aluminum to form 24 ID. pipe.
  • each of the inner vessel tubular supports is radially and inwardly displaced 2% inches prior to filling the tank with the liquid oxygen, employing a conventional hydraulic jack having a 15 ton capacity.
  • the prestressing thus induced relieves the stresses in the supports resulting from the thermal contraction of the inner storage vessel produced by the filling of the storage vessel.
  • FIGURES l and 2 different tank designs can be used employing the instant invention.
  • vertical cylindrical tanks having dished, flat or cone roofs and dished or flat bottoms can have construction features which can take advantage of the prestressing arrangements of this invention for reducing or eliminating stresses en countered in the inner storage vessel resulting from the contraction of the inner storage vessel under service conditions.
  • a tank for the storage of liquefied, normally gaseous material which comprises an outer shell, an inner storage vessel spaced and insulated from said shell and a plurality of slender inner vessel support columns mounted on said vessel positioning it within said shell, said inner vessel support columns terminating outside of said shell, and a means for applying a bending force to said inner vessel support columns at a location outside said insulated space to prestress said columns whereby bending stresses normally induced in said support columns through thermal contraction of said vessel in being cooled to operating service temperature are minimized.
  • a tank for the storage of liquefied, normally gaseous material which comprises an outer shell, an inner storage vessel spaced and insulated from said shell and a plurality of slender inner vessel support columns mounted on said vessel positioning it within said shell, and a means for applying a bending force to said inner vessel support columns at a location outside said insulated space to prestress said columns whereby bending stresses normally induced in said support columns through thermal contraction of said vessel in being cooled to operating service temperature are minimized.
  • a tank for the storage of liquefied, normally gaseous material which comprises an outer shell, a plurality of hollow tubular columns spaced about and supporting said shell in an elevated position, an inner storage vessel spaced and insulated from said shell, a plurality of slender inner vessel support columns mounted on said vessel positioning it within said shell, each of said support columns being disposed within a cooperating hollow tubular column, and a means for applying a force to said inner vessel support columns at a location outside said insulated space to prestress said columns whereby bending stresses normally induced in said support columns through thermal contraction of said vessel in being cooled to operating service temperature are minimized.
  • a tank for the storage of liquefied, normally gaseous material at substantially atmospheric pressure which comprises an outer shell, a plurality of hollow tubular columns spaced about and supporting said shell in an elevated position, said columns being secured to a suitable foundation having a planar surface within said columns, an inner storage vessel spaced and insulated from said shell, a plurality of slender inner vessel support columns mounted on said vessel positioning it within said.
  • each of said support columns being disposed within a cooperating hollow tubular column, the free end of each of said columns terminating in a planar base plate slidably resting on said foundation planar surface, and a means for applying a force to said inner vessel support columns to prestress said columns whereby bending stresses normally induced in said support columns through thermal contraction of said vessel in being cooled to operating service temperature are minimized.
  • a tank for the storage of liquefied, normally gaseous material at substantially atmospheric pressure which comprises an outer shell, a plurality of hollow tubular columns spaced about and supporting said shell in an elevated positon, said columns being secured to a suitable foundation having a planar surface within said columns, an inner storage vessel spaced and insulated from said shell, a plurality of slender inner vessel support columns mounted on said vessel positioning it within said shell, each of said support columns being disposed within a cooperating hollow tubular column, the free end of each of said columns terminating in a planar base plate slidably resting on said foundation planar surface, and a means for applying a force to said base plates of said inner vessel support columns to prestress said columns whereby bending stresses normally induced in said support columns through thermal contraction of said vessel in being cooled to operating service temperature are minimized.
  • a tank for the storage of liquefied, normally gaseous material which comprises an outer shell, a plurality of hollow tubular columns spaced about and supporting said shell in an elevated position, said columns being secured to a suitable foundation having a planar surface within said columns, an inner storage vessel spaced and insulated from said shell, a plurality of slender inner vessel support columns mounted on said vessel positioning it within said shell, each of said support columns being disposed within a cooperating hollow tubular column, the free end of each of said columns terminating in a planar base plate slidably resting on said foundation planar surface and a jack mounted on said foundation adjacent said base plate and connected thereto for applying a force to the base plates of said inner vessel support columns to prestress said columns whereby bending stresses normally induced in said support columns through thermal contraction of said vessel in being cooled to operating service are minimized.
  • a tank for the storage of liquefied, normally gaseous material which comprises a spherical outer shell, a plurality of hollow tubular columns spaced about and supporting said shell in an elevated position, said columns being secured to a suitable foundation having a planar surface within said columns, a spherical inner storage vessel annularly spaced and insulated from said shell, a plurality of slender inner vessel support columns mounted on said vessel positioning it within said shell, each of said support columns being disposed within a cooperating hollow tubular column, the free end of each of said columns terminating in a planar base plate slidably resting on said foundation planar surface, and a jack mounted on said foundation adjacent said base plate and connected thereto for applying a force to the base plates of said inner vessel support columns to prestress said columns whereby bending stresses normally induced in said support columns through thermal contraction of said vessel in being cooled to operating service temperature are minimized.
  • a method for storing liquefied, normally gaseous material in a storage vessel supported by means of a plurality of support columns positioned about said vessel which comprises prestressing said columns by applying force thereto at ambient temperature sufficient to displace said columns radially inward relative to said storage vessel to relieve bending stresses normally induced in said columns through thermal contraction of said vessel while being cooled to operating service temperature, said force being applied prior to filling said vessel.
  • a method for storing liquefied, normally gaseous material in a storage vessel supported by means of a plurality of support columns positioned about said vessel which comprises prestressing said columns by applying force thereto adjacent the free end of said columns at ambient temperature sutficient to displace said columns radially inward relative to said storage vessel to relieve bending stresses normally induced in said column through thermal contraction of said vessel While being cooled to operating service temperature, saidforce being applied prior to filling said vessel.
  • a method for storing liquefied, normally gaseous material in a spherical storage vessel by means of a plurality of support columns positioned about the equator of said vessel which comprises prestressing said columns by applying force thereto at ambient temperature sufiicient to displace said columns radially inward a distance about equal to the difference in the radius of said vessel when empty and in storage service to relieve bending stresses normally induced in said column through thermal contraction of said vessel while being cooled to operating service temperature, said force being applied prior to filling said vessel.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
US1534A 1960-01-11 1960-01-11 Low temperature storage facilities for liquefied gases Expired - Lifetime US3127750A (en)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE597853D BE597853A (en, 2012) 1960-01-11
CH6742460D CH6742460D (en, 2012) 1960-01-11
NL258995D NL258995A (en, 2012) 1960-01-11
NL121084D NL121084C (en, 2012) 1960-01-11
US1534A US3127750A (en) 1960-01-11 1960-01-11 Low temperature storage facilities for liquefied gases
GB37429/60A GB893537A (en) 1960-01-11 1960-11-01 Low temperature storage facilities for liquefied gases
BR124767/60A BR6024767D0 (pt) 1960-01-11 1960-12-07 Um reservatorio para o armazenamento de material normalmente gasoso e processo utilizado para tal armazenamento
FR849444A FR1277603A (fr) 1960-01-11 1961-01-11 Réservoir à double paroi pour le stockage des gaz liquéfiés

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US1534A US3127750A (en) 1960-01-11 1960-01-11 Low temperature storage facilities for liquefied gases

Publications (1)

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US3127750A true US3127750A (en) 1964-04-07

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US1534A Expired - Lifetime US3127750A (en) 1960-01-11 1960-01-11 Low temperature storage facilities for liquefied gases

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US (1) US3127750A (en, 2012)
BE (1) BE597853A (en, 2012)
BR (1) BR6024767D0 (en, 2012)
CH (1) CH6742460D (en, 2012)
GB (1) GB893537A (en, 2012)
NL (2) NL258995A (en, 2012)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5018634A (en) * 1989-09-12 1991-05-28 Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle Suspended skin for thermal insulation of cryogenic propellants
WO2017028958A1 (de) * 2015-08-20 2017-02-23 Linde Aktiengesellschaft FUß IN FUß-LAGERUNG VON KRYOGENEN SPEICHERBEHÄLTERN

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IL82950A (en) * 1987-06-22 1990-12-23 Elscint Ltd Superconducting magnet with separate support system

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2396459A (en) * 1939-12-07 1946-03-12 Linde Air Prod Co Insulated container for liquefied gases and the like
US2427676A (en) * 1945-03-01 1947-09-23 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Spherical tank
US2467428A (en) * 1945-01-17 1949-04-19 Linde Air Prod Co Portable container for liquefied gases
US2495798A (en) * 1948-07-21 1950-01-31 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Vessel for storage of liquids at low temperatures
US2731334A (en) * 1951-08-17 1956-01-17 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Vapor storage vessel and method of making same
US2926810A (en) * 1956-10-30 1960-03-01 Herrick L Johnston Inc Suspension system for container for storing liquefied gas
US2981434A (en) * 1956-08-17 1961-04-25 Aro Equipment Corp Suspension system liquid oxygen converter

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2396459A (en) * 1939-12-07 1946-03-12 Linde Air Prod Co Insulated container for liquefied gases and the like
US2467428A (en) * 1945-01-17 1949-04-19 Linde Air Prod Co Portable container for liquefied gases
US2427676A (en) * 1945-03-01 1947-09-23 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Spherical tank
US2495798A (en) * 1948-07-21 1950-01-31 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Vessel for storage of liquids at low temperatures
US2731334A (en) * 1951-08-17 1956-01-17 Chicago Bridge & Iron Co Vapor storage vessel and method of making same
US2981434A (en) * 1956-08-17 1961-04-25 Aro Equipment Corp Suspension system liquid oxygen converter
US2926810A (en) * 1956-10-30 1960-03-01 Herrick L Johnston Inc Suspension system for container for storing liquefied gas

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5018634A (en) * 1989-09-12 1991-05-28 Aerospatiale Societe Nationale Industrielle Suspended skin for thermal insulation of cryogenic propellants
WO2017028958A1 (de) * 2015-08-20 2017-02-23 Linde Aktiengesellschaft FUß IN FUß-LAGERUNG VON KRYOGENEN SPEICHERBEHÄLTERN

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL121084C (en, 2012)
BR6024767D0 (pt) 1973-04-12
CH6742460D (en, 2012)
GB893537A (en) 1962-04-11
NL258995A (en, 2012)
BE597853A (en, 2012)

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