US3121060A - Lubricant for photographic film - Google Patents

Lubricant for photographic film Download PDF

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Publication number
US3121060A
US3121060A US33905A US3390560A US3121060A US 3121060 A US3121060 A US 3121060A US 33905 A US33905 A US 33905A US 3390560 A US3390560 A US 3390560A US 3121060 A US3121060 A US 3121060A
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United States
Prior art keywords
film
photographic
lubricant
sperm oil
colloid
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US33905A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jerome J Duane
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Priority to BE604487D priority Critical patent/BE604487A/xx
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US33905A priority patent/US3121060A/en
Priority to GB19797/61A priority patent/GB927446A/en
Priority to FR863617A priority patent/FR1291258A/fr
Priority to DEE21166A priority patent/DE1300015B/de
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Publication of US3121060A publication Critical patent/US3121060A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/7614—Cover layers; Backing layers; Base or auxiliary layers characterised by means for lubricating, for rendering anti-abrasive or for preventing adhesion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03D—APPARATUS FOR PROCESSING EXPOSED PHOTOGRAPHIC MATERIALS; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
    • G03D15/00—Apparatus for treating processed material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/02—Water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/081—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing halogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/082—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing nitrogen
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2201/08—Inorganic acids or salts thereof
    • C10M2201/084—Inorganic acids or salts thereof containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/18—Natural waxes, e.g. ceresin, ozocerite, bees wax, carnauba; Degras
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/021—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/04—Ethers; Acetals; Ortho-esters; Ortho-carbonates
    • C10M2207/044—Cyclic ethers having four or more ring atoms, e.g. furans, dioxolanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/08—Aldehydes; Ketones
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/281—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic monocarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/283—Esters of polyhydroxy compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2207/28—Esters
    • C10M2207/286—Esters of polymerised unsaturated acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/082—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type monocarboxylic
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/12—Polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, biopolymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2211/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing carbon, hydrogen, halogen, and oxygen
    • C10M2211/044—Acids; Salts or esters thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2211/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing halogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2211/06—Perfluorinated compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions
    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
    • C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2215/042—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Alkoxylated derivatives thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/024—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to an amido or imido group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/026—Macromolecular compounds obtained from nitrogen containing monomers by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a nitrile group
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/044—Polyamides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2217/045—Polyureas; Polyurethanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2217/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
    • C10M2219/042—Sulfate esters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2984—Microcapsule with fluid core [includes liposome]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
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    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2982—Particulate matter [e.g., sphere, flake, etc.]
    • Y10T428/2984—Microcapsule with fluid core [includes liposome]
    • Y10T428/2985—Solid-walled microcapsule from synthetic polymer
    • Y10T428/2987—Addition polymer from unsaturated monomers only

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the lubrication of film. More particularly this invention concerns the lubrication of photographic film in its unexposed form.
  • This invention has for one object to provide an improved film lubricating composition. Another object is to provide a lubricated unexposed photographic film which exhibitsa minimum of friction when passed through film magazine, film gates and the like. Still another object is to pro vide a film lubricating composition which will impart more permanent lubrication to film products than prior art lubricants. Other objects will appear hereinafter.
  • a preferred material having the greatest number of desirable characteristics, is Spermafol 52.
  • This material is a waxy solid, characterized as a partially hydrogenated sperm oil, with a low level (7%) of unsaturation and a melting point in the range of 47-5 1 C.
  • Spermafol 52 consists of a mixture of esters, varying between C and C chain length for the acid portion and between C and C chain length for the alcohol portion, largely C to Ci straight chain fatty acids and'-C -to'-C straight chain fatty alcohols, together with a portion of saturated triglycerides.
  • a typical component ester present in large concentration might be cetyl palmitate, CH (CH COO(CH CH)
  • the modified sperm oil is dispersed in a photographic gelatin coating medium, then coated over a photographic emulsion, either black-and-White or color, to form a protective, lubricating top coat.
  • the dispersing agent may be some other colloidal material such as colloidal albumin, a cellulose derivative, or a synthetic resin, for instance, a polyvinyl compound.
  • colloidal material such as colloidal albumin, a cellulose derivative, or a synthetic resin, for instance, a polyvinyl compound.
  • colloids which may be used are polyvinyl alcohol or a hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate as described in Lowe US. Patent 2,286,215, issued June 16, 1952; a far hydrolyzed cellulose ester such as cellulose acetate hydrolyzed to an acetyl content of 19-26% as described in US. Patent 2,327,808, of Lowe and Clark, issued August 24, 1943; a water-soluble ethanolamine cellulose acetate as described in Yutzy US.
  • compatible mixtures of two or more of these colloids may be employed for dispersing the lubricant in its preparation.
  • sperm oil product obtainable commercially as Spermafol 52 is preferred, there are several other sperm oil products which may be used such as follows:
  • these sperm oil products used in the present invention may be compounded into a lubricating composition by a method as set forth below. This method illustrates the compounding of the preferred sperm oil product identified as Sperrnafol 52.
  • the other waxy esters may be compounded into lubricating compounds of the present invention in a generally similar manner.
  • a mixture of the following composition is prepared:
  • the Spermafol was heated above its melting point, to about 60 C., then poured, with vigorous stinring, into the saponin-gelatin solution held at about 4050 C. This mixture was dispersed in a colloid mill, forming Spermafol particles of colloidal dimensions, up to about 3 microns diameter. The mill was rinsed with 25 cc. warm water and the dispersion diluted with 808 grams 10% gelatin. To make up a compositon containing the above dispersion for coating on a photographic product, the following two examples demonstrate the method and material.
  • hydrophilic colloids other than gelatin are as follows:
  • sperm oil (ADM 38 N.W. Sperm) 2.5 grams of a medium viscosity grade of polyvinyl alcohol, about 88% hydrolyzed, was dissolved by stirring into 47.5 cc. of cold water containing the sodium lauryl sulfate. The sperm oil was added with vigorous stirring and the resulting coarse dispersion passed through a colloid mill to give a stable suspension of colloidally dispersed droplets of sperm oil in the polymer solution.
  • EXAMPLE V Four grams of a copolymer of ethyl acrylate (80 parts) and acrylic acid parts) were swollen in a mixture of 7.5 grams of isopropanol and 75 cc. of water. While stirring, sufiicient ammonium hydroxide was added to dissolve the polymer and being the pH to 6.3. The solution was then adjusted to 100 grams with additional water.
  • Example IV To 50 cc. of this solution there was added 1 cc. of 10% sodium lauryl sulfate solution, followed by 10 cc. of sperm oil, as in Example IV. A very good colloidal disperson resulted.
  • EXAMPLE VI Ten grams of zein were dissolved in 90 cc. of 50% aqueous isopropanol. One cc. of 10% aqueous Triton X-lOO was added, and 4 grams of sperm oil were stirred in with vigorous agitation to form a good dispersion.
  • EXAMPLE VII 70 cc. of a latex formed by the emulsion polymerization of 15' parts acrylonitrile, 85 parts of vinylidene chloride and 8 parts of acrylic acid and containing 15% l polymer solids by weight, were treated with ammonium hydroxide (7% N3 to form a viscous clouded solution at about pH 7.5. To this dope were added 4 grams of sperm oil and the mixture was stirred for about 10 minutes at room temperature to form a stable dispersion.
  • EXAMPLE VIII Ten grams of a high viscosity grade of polyacrylamide (American Cyanamid were dissolved by stirring into 400 cc. of cold water. To 50 cc. of this viscous solution were added 2 grams of sperm oil. After a few minutes stirring, a good dispersion resulted.
  • a high viscosity grade of polyacrylamide American Cyanamid
  • EXAMPLE IX 2.5% Union Carbide Cellosize WP 40, hydroxyethyl cellulose, was prepared as in Example VIII and 2 grams sperm oil stirred into 50 cc. of this solution to give a stable dispersion.
  • EXAMPLE X A 2% by weight solution of polyethylene oxide resin (Union Carbide Polyox Willi-205) was prepared by stirring 10 g. of this polymer into 500 cc. of water and 2 grams of sperm oil stirred into 50 cc. of polymer to give a good dispersion.
  • polyethylene oxide resin Union Carbide Polyox Willi-205
  • Example IV 5.0 cc. of a 15% saponin solution 3.0 g. of cetyl palmitate The oily melted ester was added with vigorous stirring and the resulting coarse dispersion is passed through a colloid mill as in Example IV.
  • EXAMPLE XII The dispersion was made exactly like Example XI except that 3.0 g. of the ester of dodecyl alcohol and stearic acid were used in place of cetyl palmitate.
  • Examples VII through X are prepared without added surfactant, the resin having suflicient dispersing activity to make a (relatively) stable colloidal dispersion.
  • Other surfactants may be incorporated as desired in specific applications as is disclosed hereinafter.
  • the dispersion may contain a lauryl or oleyl monoether of polyethylene glycol as described in Knox and Davis U.S. Patent 2,831,766, issued April 22, 1958; a salt of a sulfated and alkylated polyethylene glycol ether as described in Knox and Davis U.S. Patent 2,719,087, issued September 27, 1955; an acylated alkyl taurine such as the sodium salt of N-oleyl-N-methyl taurine as described in Knox, Twardokus, and Davis U.S.
  • Patent 2,739,891 issued March 27, 1956; the reaction product of a dianhydride of tetracarboxy-butane with an alcohol or an aliphatic amine containing from 8 to 18 carbon atoms which is treated with a base, for example, the sodium salt of the monoester of tetracarboxybutane as described in Knox, Stenberg, and Wilson U.S. Patent 2,843,487, issued July 15, 1958; a water-soluble maleopimarate as described in Knox and Fowler U.S. Patent 2,823,123, issued February 11, 1958; an alkali metal salt of a substituted amino acid as disodium N-(carbo-p-tert.
  • mucochloric acid in Examples II and III is for the purpose of after-hardening the coated gelatin layers.
  • Such gelatin hardener may be replaced in part or entirely by other chemicals such as formaldehyde; or salts of chromium (III) or aluminum (III); or a compound having a plurality of acid anhydride groups such as 7,8-diphenylbicyclo-(2,2,2)-7-octene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride, or a dicarboxylic or a disulfonic acid chloride such as terephthaloyl chloride as described in Allen and Carroll U.S.
  • Patents 2,725,294 and 2,725,- 295 both issued November 29, 1955; a cyclic 1,2-diketone such as cyclopentane-1,2-dione as described in Allen and Byers U.S. Patent 2,725,305, issued November 29, 1955; a bisester of methanesulfonic acid such as 1,2-di-(methane-sulfonoxy)-ethane as described in Allen and Laakso U.S. Patent 2,726,162, issued December 6, 1955; 1,3-dihydroxymethylbenzimidazol-2-one as described in July, Knott, and Pollalk U.S.
  • Patent 2,732,316 issued January 24, 1956; a dialdehyde or a sodium bisulfite derivative thereof such as ,B-methyl glutaraldehyde bis-sodium bisulfite as described in Allen and Burness U.S. patent application Serial No. 556,031, filed December 29, 1955, now abandoned; a bis-aziridine carboxamide such as trimethylene bis(1-aziridine carboxamide) as described in Allen and Webster U.S. patent application Serial No. 599,891, filed July 25, 1956, now U.S. Patent 2,950,197; 2,3-dihydroxy dioxane as described in Jeffreys U.S. Patent 2,870,013, issued January 20, 1959; or bis-isocyanate as described in Henn et al. U.S. patent application Serial No. 805,357, filed April 10, 1959.
  • said composition may be applied by standard emulsion coating techniques to the photographic film product which it is desired to lubricate.
  • the gel-lubricant mixture is usually coated in a thin layer of about /2 to 1; in thickness. Or, in diiferent terms, the gel is coated at about 0.100 gm./ft. and the lubricant at about 0.0005 to 0.010 gm./ft. Although the lubricant would generally be applied over the emulsion surface of the film product, the lubricating composition of the present invention may be applied over a surface of the film opposite the emulsion surface, on both sides of the film or in layers within a multilayer structure.
  • the excellent lubricating effect of the lubricant of the present invention may be ascertained by any suitable test method.
  • the recently issued U.S. Patent 2,882,157 to my associates described several cases where it may be desirable to reduce the friction on film by the lubricating of the film and such patent describes the tests which may be used, the conducting of such tests under certain relative humidity conditions and the like details.
  • emulsion dig susceptibility test This is conducted as follows: On the regular test on raw film two pieces of film are placed emulsion down beneath a weighted ball bearing. The top piece of film is then pulled from beneath the bearing, the bottom piece of film being held stationary. The rating is the minimum weight required to produce visible damage to the film when processed and examined under normal viewing conditions.
  • a lubricating composition for photographic film products consisting essentially of a hydrophilic photographic-type colloid and /2 to 15% by weight of the colloid of modified sperm oil essentially consisting of esters of higher fatty alcohols and higher fatty acids of a molecular weight within the range of about 300 to about 600, and having a degree of unsaturation within the range of 2% to 75%, wherein the alcohols and acids each have straight chain lengths from 10 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • a lubricating composition for photographic film products consisting essentially of a hydrophilic photographic-type colloid and /2 to 15% by weight of the colloid of modified sperm oil essentially about 360 to about 600, and having a degree of unsaturation within the range of 2% to 75%, wherein the alcohols and acids each have straight chm'n lengths from to 20 carbon atoms, and a surfactant compatible with photographic silver halide emulsions which aids in improving the spreading properties of the lubricant.
  • a lubricating composition for photographic film products consisting essentially of a hydrophilic colloid selected from the class consisting of gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, a copolymer of ethyl acrylate and acrylic acid, zein, an interpolymer of acrylonitrile, vinylidene chloride and acrylic acid, polyacrylamide, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and polyethylene oxide resin, and A to by weight of the colloid, of modified sperm oil essentially consisting of esters of higher fatty alcohols and higher fatty acids of a molecular weight within the range of about 300 to about 600, and having a degree of unsaturation within the range of 2% to 75%, wherein the alcohols and acids each have straight chain lengths from 10 to carbon atoms.
  • a hydrophilic colloid selected from the class consisting of gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, a copolymer of ethyl acrylate and acrylic acid, zein, an interpolymer of acrylonitrile, vinyl
  • a lubricating composition for photographic film products consisting essentially of a hydrophilic colloid selected from the class consisting of gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, a copolymer of ethyl acrylate and acrylic acid, Zein, an interpolymer of acrylonitrile, vinylidene chloride and acrylic acid, polyacrylamide, hydroxyethyl cellulose, and polyethylene oxide resin, a surfactant compatible with silver halide photographic emulsions which aids in improving the spreading properties, and /2 to 15% by weight of the colloid of modified sperm oil essentially consisting of esters of higher fatty alcohols and higher fatty acids of a molecular weight within the range of about 300 to about 600, and having a degree of unsaturation within the range of 2% to 75%, wherein the alcohols and acids each have straight chain lengths from 10 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • a hydrophilic colloid selected from the class consisting of gelatin, polyvinyl alcohol, a copolymer of e
  • composition of claim 3 in which the hydrophilic colloid is gelatin.
  • composition of claim 3 in which the hydrophilic colloid is polyvinyl alcohol.
  • hydrophilic colloid is polyvinyl alcohol.
  • hydrophilic colloid is a copolymer of ethyl acrylate and acrylic acid.
  • a method of lubricating photographic film which comprises applying to the emulsion layer a layer of a composition consisting essentially of a hydrophilic photographic-type colloid having dispersed therein /2 to 15% by weight of a modified sperm oil consisting essentially of esters of higher fatty alcohols and higher fatty acids of a molecular weight within the range of about 300 to about 600 and having a degree of unsaturation within the range of 2% to in which the alcohols and acids each have straight chain lengths from 10 to 20 carbon atoms.
  • hydrophilic colloid is gelatin.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
US33905A 1960-06-06 1960-06-06 Lubricant for photographic film Expired - Lifetime US3121060A (en)

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BE604487D BE604487A (en, 2012) 1960-06-06
US33905A US3121060A (en) 1960-06-06 1960-06-06 Lubricant for photographic film
GB19797/61A GB927446A (en) 1960-06-06 1961-06-01 Photographic film lubricant
FR863617A FR1291258A (fr) 1960-06-06 1961-06-01 Nouvelle composition lubrifiante pour produits en film et procéde pour sa préparation
DEE21166A DE1300015B (de) 1960-06-06 1961-06-02 Photographischer Film mit Gleitschicht

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Cited By (37)

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US3238043A (en) * 1961-07-06 1966-03-01 Levy Marilyn Viscous processing solution
US4036769A (en) * 1971-04-05 1977-07-19 Werner G. Smith, Inc. Sperm oil substitute from blend of alcohol-carboxylic acid esters with liquid fat
EP0395107A3 (en) * 1989-04-28 1991-03-27 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material containing aliphatic carboxylic ester
EP0518627A1 (en) * 1991-06-10 1992-12-16 International Paper Company Reducing silver sludging during photographic processing
US5492803A (en) * 1995-01-06 1996-02-20 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Hydrazide redox-dye-releasing compounds for photothermographic elements
US5492805A (en) * 1994-06-30 1996-02-20 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Blocked leuco dyes for photothermographic elements
US5492804A (en) * 1994-06-30 1996-02-20 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Chromogenic leuco redox-dye-releasing compounds for photothermographic elements
US5529891A (en) * 1995-05-12 1996-06-25 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic element having improved scratch resistance
US5541048A (en) * 1995-05-12 1996-07-30 Eastman Kodak Company Lubricant particles, method of preparation, and photographic elements
EP0789268A1 (en) 1996-02-12 1997-08-13 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element comprising an electrically-conductive layer
US5723270A (en) * 1996-11-19 1998-03-03 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic elements having a process-surviving polysiloxane block copolymer backing
US5723271A (en) * 1996-11-19 1998-03-03 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic elements having a process-surviving polysiloxane block copolymer backing
US5780217A (en) * 1995-06-19 1998-07-14 Eastman Kodak Company Silver halide photographic emulsion having reduced pressure fogging
US5876910A (en) * 1997-10-20 1999-03-02 Eastman Kodak Company Aqueous coating compositions for surface protective layers for imaging elements
US5891615A (en) * 1997-04-08 1999-04-06 Imation Corp. Chemical sensitization of photothermographic silver halide emulsions
US5928857A (en) * 1994-11-16 1999-07-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Photothermographic element with improved adherence between layers
US5932405A (en) * 1997-10-20 1999-08-03 Eastman Kodak Corporation Surface protective layer for photographic elements containing a siloxane polyurethane
US5939249A (en) * 1997-06-24 1999-08-17 Imation Corp. Photothermographic element with iridium and copper doped silver halide grains
US5956555A (en) * 1998-07-27 1999-09-21 Eastman Kodak Company Fusing belt having polyurethane release layer
US5958658A (en) * 1997-06-19 1999-09-28 Eastman Kodak Company Lubricant for Ag halide photographic elements
US6117624A (en) * 1993-06-04 2000-09-12 Eastman Kodak Company Infrared sensitized, photothermographic article
US6117611A (en) * 1998-12-14 2000-09-12 Konica Corporation Image forming method of a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material
US6153362A (en) * 1999-05-14 2000-11-28 Eastman Kodak Company Overcoat for reticulation control in photographic elements
US6165702A (en) * 1997-06-19 2000-12-26 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element containing polymer particles and lubricant
US6171707B1 (en) 1994-01-18 2001-01-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Polymeric film base having a coating layer of organic solvent based polymer with a fluorinated antistatic agent
US6174661B1 (en) 1998-12-28 2001-01-16 Eastman Kodak Company Silver halide photographic elements
US6177239B1 (en) 1998-12-28 2001-01-23 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element
US6197482B1 (en) 1999-05-14 2001-03-06 Eastman Kodak Company Polymer overcoat for imaging elements
US6468339B1 (en) 2001-08-23 2002-10-22 Eastman Kodak Company Alumina filled gelatin
WO2005062123A1 (en) 2003-12-24 2005-07-07 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element having improved durability
EP1750173A1 (en) 2005-08-04 2007-02-07 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide photosensitive material and packaged body containing the same
US7223529B1 (en) 2006-05-05 2007-05-29 Eastman Kodak Company Silver halide light-sensitive element
US7468241B1 (en) 2007-09-21 2008-12-23 Carestream Health, Inc. Processing latitude stabilizers for photothermographic materials
US20090081578A1 (en) * 2007-09-21 2009-03-26 Carestream Health, Inc. Method of preparing silver carboxylate soaps
US20090181332A1 (en) * 2008-01-14 2009-07-16 William Donald Ramsden Protective overcoats for thermally developable materials
EP2385425A1 (en) 2010-05-07 2011-11-09 Fujifilm Corporation Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material for movie
WO2017123444A1 (en) 2016-01-15 2017-07-20 Carestream Health, Inc. Method of preparing silver carboxylate soaps

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3336225A (en) * 1966-01-17 1967-08-15 Dow Chemical Co Method and composition for reducing friction on conveyors

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1883913A (en) * 1928-01-30 1932-10-25 Eastman Kodak Co Process of lubricating photographic film

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1883913A (en) * 1928-01-30 1932-10-25 Eastman Kodak Co Process of lubricating photographic film

Cited By (45)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3238043A (en) * 1961-07-06 1966-03-01 Levy Marilyn Viscous processing solution
US4036769A (en) * 1971-04-05 1977-07-19 Werner G. Smith, Inc. Sperm oil substitute from blend of alcohol-carboxylic acid esters with liquid fat
EP0395107A3 (en) * 1989-04-28 1991-03-27 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material containing aliphatic carboxylic ester
US5063147A (en) * 1989-04-28 1991-11-05 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material containing aliphatic carboxylic ester
EP0518627A1 (en) * 1991-06-10 1992-12-16 International Paper Company Reducing silver sludging during photographic processing
US6117624A (en) * 1993-06-04 2000-09-12 Eastman Kodak Company Infrared sensitized, photothermographic article
US6171707B1 (en) 1994-01-18 2001-01-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Polymeric film base having a coating layer of organic solvent based polymer with a fluorinated antistatic agent
US5492805A (en) * 1994-06-30 1996-02-20 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Blocked leuco dyes for photothermographic elements
US5492804A (en) * 1994-06-30 1996-02-20 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Chromogenic leuco redox-dye-releasing compounds for photothermographic elements
US5696289A (en) * 1994-06-30 1997-12-09 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Blocked leuco dyes for photothermographic elements
US5705676A (en) * 1994-06-30 1998-01-06 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Chromogenic leuco redox-dye-releasing compounds for photothermographic elements
US5928857A (en) * 1994-11-16 1999-07-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Photothermographic element with improved adherence between layers
US5492803A (en) * 1995-01-06 1996-02-20 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Hydrazide redox-dye-releasing compounds for photothermographic elements
US5529891A (en) * 1995-05-12 1996-06-25 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic element having improved scratch resistance
US5541048A (en) * 1995-05-12 1996-07-30 Eastman Kodak Company Lubricant particles, method of preparation, and photographic elements
US5780217A (en) * 1995-06-19 1998-07-14 Eastman Kodak Company Silver halide photographic emulsion having reduced pressure fogging
EP0789268A1 (en) 1996-02-12 1997-08-13 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element comprising an electrically-conductive layer
US5723271A (en) * 1996-11-19 1998-03-03 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic elements having a process-surviving polysiloxane block copolymer backing
US5723270A (en) * 1996-11-19 1998-03-03 Eastman Kodak Company Photographic elements having a process-surviving polysiloxane block copolymer backing
US5891615A (en) * 1997-04-08 1999-04-06 Imation Corp. Chemical sensitization of photothermographic silver halide emulsions
US5958658A (en) * 1997-06-19 1999-09-28 Eastman Kodak Company Lubricant for Ag halide photographic elements
US6165702A (en) * 1997-06-19 2000-12-26 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element containing polymer particles and lubricant
US5939249A (en) * 1997-06-24 1999-08-17 Imation Corp. Photothermographic element with iridium and copper doped silver halide grains
US6060231A (en) * 1997-06-24 2000-05-09 Eastman Kodak Company Photothermographic element with iridium and copper doped silver halide grains
US5932405A (en) * 1997-10-20 1999-08-03 Eastman Kodak Corporation Surface protective layer for photographic elements containing a siloxane polyurethane
US5876910A (en) * 1997-10-20 1999-03-02 Eastman Kodak Company Aqueous coating compositions for surface protective layers for imaging elements
US5956555A (en) * 1998-07-27 1999-09-21 Eastman Kodak Company Fusing belt having polyurethane release layer
US6117611A (en) * 1998-12-14 2000-09-12 Konica Corporation Image forming method of a silver halide photographic light-sensitive material
US6174661B1 (en) 1998-12-28 2001-01-16 Eastman Kodak Company Silver halide photographic elements
US6177239B1 (en) 1998-12-28 2001-01-23 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element
US6153362A (en) * 1999-05-14 2000-11-28 Eastman Kodak Company Overcoat for reticulation control in photographic elements
US6197482B1 (en) 1999-05-14 2001-03-06 Eastman Kodak Company Polymer overcoat for imaging elements
US6468339B1 (en) 2001-08-23 2002-10-22 Eastman Kodak Company Alumina filled gelatin
WO2005062123A1 (en) 2003-12-24 2005-07-07 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element having improved durability
US20070154822A1 (en) * 2003-12-24 2007-07-05 Slater Sean D Imaging element having improved durability
US7422835B2 (en) 2003-12-24 2008-09-09 Eastman Kodak Company Imaging element having improved durability
EP1750173A1 (en) 2005-08-04 2007-02-07 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Silver halide photosensitive material and packaged body containing the same
US7223529B1 (en) 2006-05-05 2007-05-29 Eastman Kodak Company Silver halide light-sensitive element
US7468241B1 (en) 2007-09-21 2008-12-23 Carestream Health, Inc. Processing latitude stabilizers for photothermographic materials
US20090081578A1 (en) * 2007-09-21 2009-03-26 Carestream Health, Inc. Method of preparing silver carboxylate soaps
US7524621B2 (en) 2007-09-21 2009-04-28 Carestream Health, Inc. Method of preparing silver carboxylate soaps
US20090181332A1 (en) * 2008-01-14 2009-07-16 William Donald Ramsden Protective overcoats for thermally developable materials
US7622247B2 (en) 2008-01-14 2009-11-24 Carestream Health, Inc. Protective overcoats for thermally developable materials
EP2385425A1 (en) 2010-05-07 2011-11-09 Fujifilm Corporation Silver halide photographic light-sensitive material for movie
WO2017123444A1 (en) 2016-01-15 2017-07-20 Carestream Health, Inc. Method of preparing silver carboxylate soaps

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BE604487A (en, 2012)
GB927446A (en) 1963-05-29

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