US3117070A - Bronze half-cell for cathodic protection system - Google Patents

Bronze half-cell for cathodic protection system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3117070A
US3117070A US13031A US1303160A US3117070A US 3117070 A US3117070 A US 3117070A US 13031 A US13031 A US 13031A US 1303160 A US1303160 A US 1303160A US 3117070 A US3117070 A US 3117070A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cell
cathodic protection
bronze
hull
percent
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US13031A
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English (en)
Inventor
Edward P Anderson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Engelhard Industries Inc
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Engelhard Industries Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL262068D priority Critical patent/NL262068A/xx
Priority to NL132523D priority patent/NL132523C/xx
Application filed by Engelhard Industries Inc filed Critical Engelhard Industries Inc
Priority to US13031A priority patent/US3117070A/en
Priority to FR854247A priority patent/FR1282911A/fr
Priority to GB8146/61A priority patent/GB957468A/en
Priority to DEE20707A priority patent/DE1259671B/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3117070A publication Critical patent/US3117070A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/04—Controlling or regulating desired parameters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F13/00—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F13/02—Inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection cathodic; Selection of conditions, parameters or procedures for cathodic protection, e.g. of electrical conditions
    • C23F13/06—Constructional parts, or assemblies of cathodic-protection apparatus
    • C23F13/08—Electrodes specially adapted for inhibiting corrosion by cathodic protection; Manufacture thereof; Conducting electric current thereto
    • C23F13/22—Monitoring arrangements therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23F—NON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F2213/00—Aspects of inhibiting corrosion of metals by anodic or cathodic protection
    • C23F2213/30—Anodic or cathodic protection specially adapted for a specific object
    • C23F2213/31—Immersed structures, e.g. submarine structures

Definitions

  • Electrodes In the cathodic protection of surfaces against corrosion, two types of electrodes are normally used. These electrodes are the anodes from which the protective current flows and the sensing half-cell which indicates the level of protection which is present on the surface which is being protected. For large ships, calomel or silver-silver chloride cells are widely used, and they are generally satisfactory.
  • a principal object of the present invention is to increase the stability and corrosion resistance of cathodic protection half-cells made of inexpensive materials.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an inexpensive half-cell which will give voltage indications of a single polarity with both steel hull and wooden hull craft, under all normal cathodic protection conditions.
  • a further object of the invention is the development of a half-cell assembly for a cathodic protection system which may readily be used with both steel and wooden hulled craft.
  • the foregoing objects may be secured by the use of a bronze sensing half-cell in combination with a cathodic protection system.
  • a bronze half-cell When a bronze half-cell is employed, all of the voltage readings between the half-cell and the steel hull or the protected fittings of a wooden hulled ship are of the same polarity. The readings are relatively constant as compared with a steel cell, for example.
  • the high copper content of bronze tends to poison marine growth and prevent fouling.
  • bronze-type alloys include little zinc, so that the physical and electrochemical properties of the cell are not adversely aifected with the passage of time.
  • a cathodic protection system is provided with a sensing half-cell made of bronze-type material.
  • a cathodic protection system includes a sensing half cell of bronze-type material, a meter Which is sensitive to signals of only one polarity, and circuitry for connecting the meter between the sensing half-cell and the surface to be cathodically protected.
  • FIGURE of the drawings which shows a sensing half-cell in detail and also shows schematically a cathodic protection system.
  • sensing cell assembly Other components include the plastic support 16, the lead-in wire 18, and the clamping nut 2i).
  • An insulating mat 22 is provided between the reference electrode assembly and the hull 14.
  • a suitable fiexible sealing washer 24, a regular washer 26, and a lock washer 22'; are provided between the bolt 20 and the steel hull 14. The connection from wire 18 to the insulated Wire 30 leading to the cathodic protection system 32 is protected against water and dampness by the closures 34 and as.
  • the cathodic protection system 32 may be of the type disclosed in my co-pending patent application Serial No. 766,147, filed October 8, 1958.
  • the cathodic protection system may also take the form of the system disclosed in Paul Byrnes application Serial No. 11,593, entitled Cathodic Protection System, which was filed in the Patent Ofiice on February 29, 1960, now abandoned.
  • the present cathodic protection system includes the usual ground connection 38 to the hull 14, and also includes an anode in to which cathodic protection current is supplied.
  • a meter 42 is also included in the cathodic protection system.
  • the meter 42 is of the inexpensive type in which voltages of but one polarity may be sensed.
  • Table I shows the relative potential of different materials with reference to a saturated calomel half-cell in sea water having a velocity of 13 feet per second:
  • aluminum 635T is principally aluminum with about 0.4 of one percent of silicon and 0.7 of one percent of magnesium; yellow brass includes 67 percent copper and 33 percent zinc; red brass includes percent copper and 15 percent zinc; admiralty brass includes about 70 percent copper, 29 percent zinc and one percent tin; composition G bronze includes 88 percent copper, 10 percent tin, and 2 percent zinc; Inconel is an alloy containing 72 percent nickel, 610 percent iron, 14- 17 percent chromium, 1.0 percent manganese, .5 percent copper, .5 percent silicon and .15 percent carbon; and Monel includes 60-70 percent nickel, 2535 percent copper, 1-3 percent iron, .252 percent manganese, 02-15 percent silicon and .05.3 percent carbon.
  • the potential between a steel half-cell and the hull of a steel boat as employed heretofore will first be considered.
  • the usual steel hull might .be expected to have a negative potential of about 0.61 volt, or 610 millivolts, by reference to Table I.
  • the average potential of the steel hull with fittings may actually be about 400 millivolts.
  • a negative potential of about 210 millivolts is present at the half-cell with respect to the hull of the ship.
  • cathodic protection current flows between the anode and the hull, a thin film of hydrogen is formed which protects the steel hull of the vessel.
  • the potential on the hull builds up.
  • the potential on the hull should be about 250 millivolts above the potential of the hull as indicated in the galvanic series shown in Table I.
  • the potential will be approximately 860 millivolts when optimum cathodic protection conditions are present.
  • the readings from the half-cell to the steel hull are always of the same polarity, as the half-cell voltage is about 300 or 320 millivolts, and the voltage on the steel increases from about 400 millivolts up to approximately 860 millivolts, as discussed above.
  • tection units it is convenient to have a single system which is applicable both to steel and wooden hulled boats.
  • a bronze sensing cell is employed, this is practical for the reasons discussed above.
  • the same polarity of sensing voltage is obtained.
  • the meter may be sensitive to a single polarity and need not be of the more expensive center-reading type.
  • a cathodic protection system for a boat having metal on at least a portion of the hull, an anode mounted on the hull, means connected between the anode and the hull to supply direct current to the anode for cathodically protecting said metal, a reference half-cell comprising a bronze electrode mounted on the hull and insulated therefrom, a voltmeter capable of reading signals of one polarity connected between the hull and the bronze electrode, and means for varying the current supplied to said anode in accordance with the signals provided by said reference half-cell.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Prevention Of Electric Corrosion (AREA)
US13031A 1960-03-07 1960-03-07 Bronze half-cell for cathodic protection system Expired - Lifetime US3117070A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL262068D NL262068A (xx) 1960-03-07
NL132523D NL132523C (xx) 1960-03-07
US13031A US3117070A (en) 1960-03-07 1960-03-07 Bronze half-cell for cathodic protection system
FR854247A FR1282911A (fr) 1960-03-07 1961-03-01 électrode pour les systèmes de protection cathodique
GB8146/61A GB957468A (en) 1960-03-07 1961-03-06 Improvements in or relating to half-cells for cathodic protection systems
DEE20707A DE1259671B (de) 1960-03-07 1961-03-07 Bezugshalbzelle in einer kathodischen Schutzvorrichtung fuer Boote

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13031A US3117070A (en) 1960-03-07 1960-03-07 Bronze half-cell for cathodic protection system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3117070A true US3117070A (en) 1964-01-07

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Family Applications (1)

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US13031A Expired - Lifetime US3117070A (en) 1960-03-07 1960-03-07 Bronze half-cell for cathodic protection system

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US3117070A (xx)
DE (1) DE1259671B (xx)
GB (1) GB957468A (xx)
NL (2) NL132523C (xx)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4107017A (en) * 1976-11-08 1978-08-15 Sabins Industries, Inc. Anode analyzer
US5384031A (en) * 1992-04-29 1995-01-24 Diametrics Medical, Inc. Reference electrode
US20190113160A1 (en) * 2017-10-12 2019-04-18 Tony Gerun Flange tab system

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1900011A (en) * 1931-06-23 1933-03-07 Harold L Durham Corrosion preventing attachment for boats
US2221997A (en) * 1935-11-13 1940-11-19 Harry A Furman Corrosion preventative
US2338713A (en) * 1939-08-18 1944-01-11 Ewing Scott Half-cell for making potential measurements in substances
US2934484A (en) * 1958-04-15 1960-04-26 Engelhard Ind Inc Mounting device for reference cells in cathodic protection systems
US2982714A (en) * 1958-05-09 1961-05-02 Rolland C Sabins Electrolytic system

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1077571A (fr) * 1953-02-04 1954-11-09 Contre La Corrosion Soc Et Procédé et dispositif pour la protection cathodique des structures métalliques
US2910419A (en) * 1956-12-28 1959-10-27 Herman S Preiser Energized anode holder assembly
GB825184A (en) * 1957-05-31 1959-12-09 Denis Dimitri Petrocokino Method of protecting metals in aqueous media from corrosion and fouling
US2910420A (en) * 1957-07-31 1959-10-27 Herman S Preiser Cathodic protection system and electrode holder
DE1083688B (de) * 1957-12-19 1960-06-15 Thesen Mathias Werft Schaltungsanordnung einer Fremdstromkompensationsanlage zur Verhinderung elektrolytischer Korrosion an Schiffskoerpern

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1900011A (en) * 1931-06-23 1933-03-07 Harold L Durham Corrosion preventing attachment for boats
US2221997A (en) * 1935-11-13 1940-11-19 Harry A Furman Corrosion preventative
US2338713A (en) * 1939-08-18 1944-01-11 Ewing Scott Half-cell for making potential measurements in substances
US2934484A (en) * 1958-04-15 1960-04-26 Engelhard Ind Inc Mounting device for reference cells in cathodic protection systems
US2982714A (en) * 1958-05-09 1961-05-02 Rolland C Sabins Electrolytic system

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4107017A (en) * 1976-11-08 1978-08-15 Sabins Industries, Inc. Anode analyzer
US5384031A (en) * 1992-04-29 1995-01-24 Diametrics Medical, Inc. Reference electrode
US20190113160A1 (en) * 2017-10-12 2019-04-18 Tony Gerun Flange tab system
US10408369B2 (en) * 2017-10-12 2019-09-10 Tony Gerun Flange tab system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL262068A (xx)
DE1259671B (de) 1968-01-25
NL132523C (xx)
GB957468A (en) 1964-05-06

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